Studies on the use of a formic acid‐propionic acid mixture (Bio‐add™) to control experimentalSalmonellainfection in broiler chickens

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Iba ◽  
A. Berchieri
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Acid Mixture

scholarly journals Chemicals with a natural reference for controlling water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Abd El-Ghafar El-Shahawy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

AbstractLife cannot exist without water. Appropriate management of water, from the water’s source to its utilization, is necessary to sustain life. Aquatic weeds pose a serious threat to aquatic environments and related eco-environments. Short- and long-term planning to control aquatic weeds is extremely important. Water hyacinth,Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms, is one of the world’s worst pests with a bad reputation as an invasive weed. In this study we are seeking the possibility of using certain chemicals with a natural background, for controlling water hyacinth since there is a delicate balance that needs to be taken into account when using herbicides in water. Five compounds, namely: acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, and propionic acid, in three concentrations (10, 15, and 20%) were applied (i.e. as a foliar application under wire-house conditions) and compared with the use of the herbicide glyphosate (1.8 kg ∙ ha−1). All of the five compounds performed well in the control of the water hyacinth. As expected, the efficacy increased as the concentration was increased from 10 to 20%. With formic and propionic acids, the plants died earlier than when the other acids or the herbicide glyphosate, were used. Acetic acid came after formic and propionic acids in terms of efficacy. Citric acid ranked last. Formic acid/propionic acid mixtures showed superior activity in suppressing water hyacinth growth especially at the rate of (8 : 2) at the different examined concentrations (3 or 5 or 10%) compared to the formic acid/acetic acid mixtures. Using the formic acid/propionic acid mixture (8 : 2; at 3%) in the open field, provided good control and confirmed the viability of these chemicals in the effective control of water hyacinth. Eventually, these chemical treatments could be used on water for controlling water hyacinth. In the future, these chemicals could probably replace the traditional herbicides widely used in this regard. These chemicals are perceived as environmentally benign for their rapid degradation to carbon dioxide and water. For maximum efficiency thorough coverage especially in bright sunlight is essential.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON SHORT-TERM PRESERVATION OF WET BREWERS’ GRAIN STORED IN UNCOVERED PILES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. ALLEN ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON ◽  
J. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Quality Material ◽  
Measuring Ph

Fresh wet brewers’ grains at 23.0% dry matter and 4.7% total nitrogen (dry matter basis) were obtained from a brewery. The effects of the following additives on the preservation of brewers’ grains, stored in uncovered piles, were compared to an untreated control during a 14-day storage period: 85% formic acid at 0.20 and 0.40%; propionic acid and formic–propionic mixture (1:1) at 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40%; and molasses at 2.00%. Piles of brewers’ grains were placed outside on polyethylene sheeting. The quality of the wet brewers’ grains was determined by measuring pH, organic acid and ammoniacal-nitrogen content of surface and subsurface samples taken at three intervals during the 14-day study. As well, visible surface changes were noted daily during the 2-wk period. A rapid increase in acetic acid in the subsurface samples was detected for brewers’ grains treated with the low and medium rates (0.20 and 0.30%) of both propionic and formic–propionic, 2.00% molasses and the untreated control. As well, extensive mold growth, discoloration and dry matter deterioration were noted for these treatments. The two rates (0.20 and 0.40%) of formic acid and the high rate (0.40%) of propionic acid were effective in reducing subsurface deterioration, but were unable to reduce the amount of surface spoilage. The high rate (0.40%) of the formic–propionic acid mixture effectively reduced all aspects of deterioration to maintain quality material during the 14-day study.

scholarly journals Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
H. O. Uzegbu ◽  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke ◽  
B. I. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

scholarly journals Heterogeneous chemistry of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at ambient condition

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3937-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Tong ◽  
L. Y. Wu ◽  
M. F. Ge ◽  
W. G. Wang ◽  
Z. F. Pu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Al2o3 Particles ◽  
Α Al2o3

Abstract. A study of the atmospheric heterogeneous reactions of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on dust particles (α-Al2O3) was performed at ambient condition by using a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reactor. From the analysis of the spectral features, observations of carboxylates formation provide strong evidence for an efficient reactive uptake process. Comparison of the calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies of adsorbed carboxylates establishes the bridging coordinated structures on the surface. The uptake coefficients of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on α-Al2O3 particles are (2.07±0.26)×10−3, (5.00±0.69)×10−3, and (3.04±0.63)×10−3, respectively (using geometric area). Besides, the effect of various relative humid (RH) on this heterogeneous reactions was studied. The uptake coefficients of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al2O3 particles increase initially (RH<20%) and then decrease with the increased RH (RH>20%) which was due to the effect of water on carboxylic acids solvation, particles surface hydroxylation, and competition on reactive site. On the basis of the results of experimental simulation, the mechanism of heterogeneous reaction of dust with carboxylic acids at ambient condition was discussed. The loss of atmospheric monocarboxylic acids due to reactive uptake on available mineral dust particles can be competitive with homogeneous loss pathways, especially in dusty urban and desertified environments.

Microsporogenesis in Larix laricina

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Hall
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Abnormal Chromosome ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Male Strobili

Microsporogenesis was studied in Larix laricina in eastern Newfoundland at weekly intervals from October to April in four successive seasons. Male strobili were fixed in a 3:1 ethanol – propionic acid mixture, stained in alcoholic carmine, and squashed in 45% acetic acid.Pollen mother cells began development from interphase in early October and passed through leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene by mid-November. They remained in diplotene until mid-March to early April when meiosis was completed over a 2-to 4-week period. Microspores were produced by early May. The pattern of meiotic divisions, their duration, and variability within and between trees in L. laricina was similar to those reported for L. decidua, L. kaempferi, L. sibirica, and L. eurolepis.Deviation from the normal pattern occurred infrequently. In six trees the "resting diplotene" of winter was interrupted on one occasion and some male strobili had a "delayed meiosis" which occurred several days after meiosis in all other sampled strobili. Abnormal chromosome separations were observed on a few occasions; these consisted mostly of lagging chromosomes, a common abnormality in Larix meiosis. The implications for pollen development and seed yield are discussed.La microsporogénèse chez Larix laricina dans l'est de Terre-Neuve a été étudiée à intervalles hebdomadaires d'octobre à avril, pendant quatre années successives. Les strobiles mâles étaient fixés dans un mélange 3 : 1 d'éthanol – acide propionique, colorés au carmin alcoolique et écrasés dans l'acide acétique 45%.

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupa Phase Fermentation by Organic Acids to Decrease Chitin Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Muheri Indra Aja Nasution ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
E Mirwandhono
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Brown Body

Black Soldier Fly has high protein but there are anti-nutrients, namely the presence of chitin content that cannot be digested by livestock such as poultry and monogastrics. Chitin is a natural polysaccharide that is abundantly found from crustacean organisms and insects. Chitin is usually bound to the shell or exoskeleton, proteins, minerals and pigments. Black Soldier Fly in the prepupa phase has high protein, dark brown body and a rather hard exoskeleton which causes a high chitin content. The aim of this research was to determine the concentration of propionic and formic acids which could reduce the chitin content of the prepupa phase of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) fermentation. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments, namely P1 = (BSF added 50% propionic acid + 50% formic acid), P2 = (BSF added 80% propionic acid and formic acid + 20% aquadest), P3 = (BSF added 60% propionic and formic acids + 40% aquadest), P4 = (BSF added 40% propionic and formic acids + 60% aquadest), P5 = (BSF added 20% propionic acid and formic acid + 80% aquadest) with three repetitions. The results of this study indicate that the P1 treatment (addition of 50% propionic acid + 50% formic acid) resulted in the lowest reduction in chitin content, namely (11.00%), pH value (4.7), total titrated acid (0.014%) and organoleptic (light brown color, very sour aroma and harsh texture).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens (Cobb 500) Feed on Different Level of Organic Acids Inclusion in Diet at Parwanipur

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
A. K. Jha ◽  
Md. H. Azad ◽  
Md.S. N. Ali ◽  
P. Alam ◽  
N. Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Significant Difference

 An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different level of organic acids on productive traits, carcass yields and body parts (Thigh, Back, Neck, wings and Breast) of broiler chicken. This experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara for 41 days to test the effect of organic acids inclusion in broiler feed and its effect on growth performance and carcass study. Altogether 225 day old Cobb-500 broiler birds were procured from Shivam Hatchery, Birgung and divided into 5 treatments with 3 replications (15 birds in each replication) by using completely randomized design. Concentrate feed was purchased from Posak Feed industry, Birgung. Control group (T1) was feed without organic acid inclusion and whereas T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were fed concentrate mixture mixed with different combination of organic acids @ 400ml/ per 100 kg feed, respectively. Experimental birds were provided adlib amount of grower feed (B1) for 21 days and that after finisher feed (B3) for 20 days and had easily access to drinking water. Feed intake was recorded daily and body weight gain was measured in 7 days interval. Experiment revealed that highest weight gain was observed in T2 (2.6 kg) followed by T3 (2.5) where combination of organic acids were formic acid 65% + propionic acid 35% and formic acid 65% and citric acid 35%, respectively, however, it was not significant among diet groups. From every treatment group each birds were selected for carcass and body parts study. The study showed significant difference (P<0.5) in carcass quantity and body parts of the birds between the treatment groups. The dressing percentage of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 68.96%, 67.87%, 70.38%, 69.88% and 69.67% respectively. Experiment suggested that further study should be carried out to precise the appropriate level of organic acids inclusion and higher cost benefit ratio.

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