Game importance as a dimension of uncertainty of outcome

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Lei ◽  
Brad R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Sports Teams ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome ◽  
Margin Of Victory

AbstractSports teams have incentives to put more effort into games with an immediate effect on standings compared to games that do not, possibly affecting outcome uncertainty. We develop a measure of game outcome uncertainty, game importance (GI), that captures how each game affects a team’s standing and can be calculated for individual games. Results show that observed variation in GI explains observed variation in attendance, game outcomes, and margin of victory at MLB games over the 1994 through 2010 seasons, suggesting that GI is an influential indicator in fans’ attendance decisions, consistent with the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis.

Game Outcome Uncertainty and Television Audience Demand: New Evidence from German Football

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Benno Torgler ◽  
Sascha L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
European Football ◽  
Knockout Tournament ◽  
Television Audience ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome

Abstract Despite its prominence in the economic literature, our knowledge regarding the role of game outcome uncertainty (GOU) in spectator decision-making is fairly limited. Even worse, studies testing the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis (UOH) by exploring TV demand for European football have further intensified the original ambiguity. In this paper, we revisit the role of GOU in spectator decision-making by testing the UOH with regard to two different sporting products: (1) domestic league and (2) knockout tournament games. Analyzing TV demand for almost 1,500 German football games, we find support for the UOH in league, though not in knockout tournament games.

Self-serving Biases in the Competitive Sport Setting: An Attributional Dilemma

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
Michael W. Passer
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Personal Performance ◽  
Margin Of Victory

The purpose of this field study was to examine the effects of game win-loss and margin of victory or defeat on postgame attributions. Male competitive soccer players (N= 160) were asked to attribute causality for their teams' win or loss and for their individual performance during the game to the internal factors of ability and effort and to the external factors of opponent difficulty and luck. It was proposed that, in sport, self-esteem protecting biases could be constrained by the emphasis placed on internal causal determinants of performance, and by situational norms which limit the acceptability of external attributions. In accordance with these contentions, the findings showed that although winning players attributed greater causality to internal factors than did losers, losing players still assessed internal attributes to be the most important determinants of game outcome and personal performance. Further, losers were not more external in their causal ascriptions than winners. The margin of victory or defeat did not affect players' causal attributions or their judgments of how much ability, effort, difficulty with the opponent, and luck they personally had in the game. The margin of outcome did impact players' judgments regarding how much of these attributes their team had demonstrated during the game.

Uncertainty of Outcome and Radio Policy in Professional Road Cycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Larson ◽  
Joel Maxcy
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
The World ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
Bicycle Races ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome ◽  
Professional Cycling

The world governing body for cycling proscribed the use of two-way radio communication in road cycling races, with the ban set to become fully effective in 2012. The ban was instituted because radio use was perceived to have altered the cycling competitions by making outcomes more predictable and of less interest to sport’s consumers. This empirical analysis of the policy rationale considers the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis (UOH) as it applies to professional cycling races and creates a novel measure, the likelihood of breakaway success (LBS). TheLBSis analyzed in 1436 bicycle races between 1985–2010 to examine potential changes in outcomes associated with the use of two-way radio technology by competitors and team directors. The data suggests that radio technology has had a significant association with event outcome types. The relevance of the findings to intraorganizational communication, management, and hierarchies of sports teams are also discussed.

Relationships between Spectator Identification and Spectators' Perceptions of Influence, Spectators' Emotions, and Competition Outcome

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Wann ◽  
Thomas J. Dolan ◽  
Kimberly K. MeGeorge ◽  
Julie A. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Team Success ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Spectator Identification

Previous research has indicated that spectators can influence the outcomes of athletic competitions. In Study 1, spectators' perceptions of their ability to influence the contests were examined. Results indicated that high levels of identification with sports teams were related to greater perceptions of influence. It was further predicted that high-identification fans would exhibit the most intense affective reactions to competition outcome. In Study 2 this proposition was tested and supported. High-identification fans reported an increase in pre- to postgame positive emotions following a win and an increase in negative emotions following a loss. Emotional changes were minimal for fans low in team identification. Finally, a third study was used to examine possible changes in team identification as a result of competition outcome for historically successful and marginally successful teams. The results indicated that although past team success was an important predictor of identification level, levels were not affected by game outcome.

scholarly journals Game Outcome Uncertainty in the English Premier League

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Schreyer ◽  
Sascha L. Schmidt ◽  
Benno Torgler
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome ◽  
English Premier League

Despite the increasing internationalization of marketing activities by professional sporting clubs, previous research exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty (GOU) in spectator demand has been exclusively conducted within national contexts. As a consequence, very little is known about the preferences of international television (TV) spectators watching games from abroad. Hence, this study analyzes all 571 English Premier League (EPL) games broadcast in Germany between the seasons 2011-2012 and 2015-2016 in order to explore whether TV demand for transnational football games is affected by GOU. In line with the prominent uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, the results of this analysis reveal a significant and positive relation between German EPL demand and GOU. This result, however, is not consistent for male and female spectators.

Enhancing performance in sports teams with ProMES

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Roth ◽  
Daniel A. Schmerling ◽  
Nick C. Koenig ◽  
Brandon L. Young ◽  
Robert D. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Sports Teams

Sex differences in exclusion and aggression on single-sex sports teams.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Deaner ◽  
Amanda McClellan ◽  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
Joyce F. Benenson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Single Sex

Brand Environments and the Emergence and Change of Awareness for New Sports Teams: A Two-Wave Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
James Du ◽  
Christopher McLeod ◽  
Jeffrey James
Keyword(s):  
Sports Teams

Sport and nationalism in the Republic of North Macedonia

Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vasiliki P. Neofotistos
Keyword(s):  
Direct Product ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
National History ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Republic

Using the Republic of North Macedonia as a case study, this article analyzes the processes through which national sports teams’ losing performance acquires a broad social and political significance. I explore claims to sporting victory as a direct product of political forces in countries located at the bottom of the global hierarchy that participate in a wider system of coercive rule, frequently referred to as empire. I also analyze how public celebrations of claimed sporting victories are intertwined with nation-building efforts, especially toward the global legitimization of a particular version of national history and heritage. The North Macedonia case provides a fruitful lens through which we can better understand unfolding sociopolitical developments, whereby imaginings of the global interlock with local interests and needs, in the Balkans and beyond.

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