Influence of maize straw content with sewage sludge on composting process

Abstract After entrance to EU in 2004, the management of sewage sludge has become more and more important problem for the new members. In Poland, one of the most promising technologies is composting process of sewage sludge with carbonaceous materials. However, the high price of typically used cereal straw forces the specialists to look for new and cheap materials used as donor of carbon and substrates creating good, porous structure of composted heap. This work presents the results of sewage sludge composting mixed with sawdust and maize straw used to create structure favorable for air exchange. The results show dynamic thermophilic phase of composting process in all cases where maize straw was used.

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Stabilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge composting process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0591 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 95-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K.-Y. Chiang ◽

S.-D. Yoi ◽

H.N. Lin ◽

K.-S. Wang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Limit Values ◽

Sludge Compost ◽

Composting Process ◽

Agricultural Applications ◽

Maturation Rate ◽

Sludge Composting

This study investigated the stabilization of heavy metals in a sewage sludge composting process using kaoline addition. The results indicate that the temperature increased rapidly to the thermophilic phase (>55°C) at day 1. The additives enhanced the rate of biodegradation and microbial activity during the co-composting process. The changes in pH (ranging from 8 to 8.5) and electrical conductivity (EC) (≤3 mS/cm) were in compliance with the best conditions during the co-composting process. The C/N ratio was determined in each co-compost sample as an indicator of the co-compost maturity. From the end product of the co-compost experiment, changes in the ratios indicate that the additives promote the co-compost maturation rate. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of the co-compost, the potential use for sewage sludge resource recovery as manure is suggested. The total concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in the co-compost product were far below the limit values for agricultural use. The leachability of Pb, Cu, and Cr decreased with increasing co-composting time. That is, the kaoline additive has an inhibitory capacity for leaching heavy metals. The Cd concentrations in the sludge compost were below the detection limits. Because the total concentration of Zn was high in the sludge compost and most soluble Zn was leachable, the leachability of Zn ranged from 25% to 29%. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal stabilization, the selected additive was shown to improve the sewage sludge compost quality and provide information for agricultural applications.

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Managing the sewage sludge composting process

Treatment and Use of Sewage Effluent for Irrigation ◽

10.1016/b978-0-408-02622-2.50016-x ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 152-163

Author(s):

George B. Willson

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Composting Process ◽

Sludge Composting

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Effect of Turning on Moisture Content in Sewage Sludge Composting

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.457 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 777 ◽

pp. 457-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nian Hong ◽

Jun Chen ◽

Xue Hong Zhang ◽

Tong Bin Chen

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Removal ◽

Water Reduction ◽

Composting Process ◽

Cooling Phase ◽

Sludge Composting

Turning can supply oxygen and increase dewatering efficiency during the composting process. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of turning on water removal. In this study, different turning modes were used in different fermentation phases. Results showed that turning in thermophilic phase improve the efficiency of water removal; in cooling phase, higher turning frequency resulted in lower water removal; turning in temperature-increasing phase had no significant effect on water removal. Unturning in the temperature-increasing phase, turning once in the thermophilic phase, and turning every 4 days in the cooling phase achieved the best effects of water removal, the water reduction was 0.566 tonston-1 matrix.

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Sewage Sludge Composting Process by Static Pile Method

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0654 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (10-12) ◽

pp. 1979-1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Ishii ◽

K. Tanaka ◽

M. Aoki ◽

T. Murakami ◽

M. Yamada

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Water Evaporation ◽

Bulking Agents ◽

Intermittent Aeration ◽

Feed Mixture ◽

Composting Process ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Sludge Composting

This paper reports the results of experiments on the static pile composting process undertaken in different conditions. The experiments have revealed the following:–In order to compost dewatered sludge with polymer without any bulking agents, we used recycled compost to adjust the moisture content of dewatered sludge.When the moisture content of feed mixture, which was dewatered sludges and recycled composts, was lowered to approximately 50%, the raw sludge could be composted by either natural ventilation or intermittent aeration.–When the BOD of feed mixture was lower than 50 g/kg-DS, the fermentation temperature did not reach 60°C and the moisture content of the mixture was not lowered during composting period.–The required composting time was approximately 50 days for natural ventilation (at an average temperature of 10°C or 24°C) and approximately 35 days for intermittent aeration (at an average temperature of 10°C to 24°C), when the moisture content and the BOD of finished compost was 40% or less and 30 g/kg-DS or less, respectively.–There was a highly positive correlation between the amount of water evaporated and the amount of BOD removed. This result suggested that the amount of water evaporation could be deduced from the amount of BOD removed.

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Effects of lime addition on sewage sludge composting process

Water Research ◽

10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00116-0 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (15) ◽

pp. 3691-3698 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

J Wong

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Composting Process ◽

Sludge Composting ◽

Lime Addition

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Influence of bulking agent on sewage sludge composting process

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.073 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 100 (23) ◽

pp. 5827-5833 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

R. Yañez ◽

J.L. Alonso ◽

M.J. Díaz

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Bulking Agent ◽

Composting Process ◽

Sludge Composting

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Phylogenetic and physiological characterization of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria from a sewage sludge composting process in Sapporo, Japan

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s11274-010-0463-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Akihiro Ohnishi ◽

Akihiro Nagano ◽

Naoshi Fujimoto ◽

Masaharu Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Thermophilic Bacteria ◽

Composting Process ◽

Physiological Characterization ◽

Sludge Composting

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Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11020211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel González ◽

Nagore Guerra ◽

Joan Colón ◽

David Gabriel ◽

Sergio Ponsá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Emission Factor ◽

Main Process ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Sulphur Compounds ◽

Composting Process ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Odour Emissions ◽

Sludge Composting

Many different alternatives exist to manage and treat sewage sludge, all with the common drawback of causing environmental and odour impacts. The main objective of this work is to present a full inventory of the gaseous and odorous emissions generated during the bench-scale composting of conventional sewage sludge, aiming at assessing the process performance and providing global valuable information of the different gaseous emission patterns and emission factors found for greenhouse gases (GHG) and odorant pollutants during the conventional sewage sludge composting process. The main process parameters evaluated were the temperature of the material, specific airflow, average oxygen uptake rate (OUR), and final dynamic respiration index (DRI), resulting in a proper performance of the sewage sludge composting process and obtaining the expected final product. The obtained material was properly stabilized, presenting a final DRI of 1.2 ± 0.2 g O2·h−1·kg−1 Volatile Solids (VS). GHGs emission factor, in terms of kg CO2eq·Mg−1 dry matter of sewage sludge (DM–SS), was found to be 2.30 × 102. On the other hand, the sewage sludge composting odour emission factor (OEF) was 2.68 × 107ou·Mg−1 DM–SS. Finally, the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOC) species found in the composting gaseous emissions were terpenes, sulphur compounds, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the major odour contributors identified were dimethyldisulphide, eucalyptol, and α-pinene.

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Enzymatic Potential of Bacteria and Fungi Isolates from the Sewage Sludge Composting Process

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10217763 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 7763

Author(s):

Tatiana Robledo-Mahón ◽

Concepción Calvo ◽

Elisabet Aranda

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Bacillus Pumilus ◽

Membrane System ◽

Semipermeable Membrane ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Polyphenol Oxidases ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Composting Process ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Sludge Composting

The aim of this study was the isolation and characterisation of the fungi and bacteria during the composting process of sewage sludge under a semipermeable membrane system at full scale, in order to find isolates with enzymatic activities of biotechnological interest. A total of 40 fungi were isolated and enzymatically analysed. Fungal culture showed a predominance of members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota division and some representatives of Mucoromycotina subdivision. Some noticeable fungi isolated during the mesophilic and thermophilic phase were Aspergillus, Circinella, and Talaromyces. During the maturation phase, some lignin modifying enzyme producers, like Purpureocillium, Thielavia, Bjerkandera, or Dichotomyces, were found. Within this group, Thielavia and Bjerkandera showed high activity with production of laccases and peroxidases. In the bacterial culturome, a total of 128 strains were selected and enzymatically analysed. Bacillales, Actinomycetales, Pseudomonadales, and Lactobacillales were the orders most represented in culture-bacteria. Bacillus pumilus, B. stratosphericus, B. safensis, and Pseudomonas formosensis were the species most efficient in enzyme production, particularly peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases ammonifying activity, and amylases. These results showed that sewage sludge composting piles could represent a source of microorganisms which have adapted to adverse conditions.

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