Between Singularity and Plurality: Kierkegaard and the Paradox of Absolute Difference

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
Avron Kulak
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study is dedicated to exploring the ways in which Kierkegaard provides a criterion for thinking about the principles of plurality when, in the context of distinguishing between Socrates and Christ, between different conceptions of difference—between those that support the difference of the other and those that do not—he writes that, just as no one must separate what God has joined, so no one must join what God has separated. When Kierkegaard then makes central to faith the incommensurability of single individuals, he indicates that the inviolable singularity of self and other is the one principle that can be true for all—that can be plural—since it is the one principle that is inclusive of all. In my paper I argue through Kierkegaard that the relationship between the singular and the plural embraces the paradox of absolute difference, the paradox of difference as absolute: the single individual exists only by standing in absolute relation to all others as absolute; the plural exists only insofar as it involves the commitment to the singular standard that, as absolute, preserves the difference of all.

The Effect of Waking Suggestion on Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Subjects

It is increasingly realized that hypnosis may be seen from an interpersonal point of view, meaning that it forms part of the relationship between the hypnotist and the subject. From this premise it follows that what goes on in the relationship prior to hypnosis probably has an influence on the hypnosis. Certain of these prior occurences can then be seen as waking suggestionns (however implicitly given) that the subject should behave in a certain way with regard to the subsequent hypnosis. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that waking suggestions regarding post-hypnotic amnesia are effective. Eighteen female subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The groups listened to a tape-recorded talk on hypnosis in which for the one group amnesia for the subsequent hypnotic experience and for the other group no such amnesia was suggested. Thereafter the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale was administered to all subjects. Only the interrogation part of the amnesia item of the scale was administered. The subjects to whom post-hypnotic amnesia was suggested tended to score lower on the amnesia item than the other subjects, as was expected, but the difference between the mean amnesia scores of the two groups was not significant.

scholarly journals Ontological Machinery of the Artistic Process: the Becoming-Technical and Art

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Tcyrlina Yana
Keyword(s):  
Modern Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Final Question ◽  
The Relationship

This article pursues dual purpose. On the one hand, the author analyzes the general and the most important in the technical being since only therewith it is possible to conceptualize the sphere of technical objects and to determine the place of technics with respect to the art. So the article is devoted to new ontological opportunity of the technics’ entity perception by its connection with art. This relationship we consider in the context of “technological revolution” in the art. Moreover, it has been tried to be revealed possible mechanisms of technics emancipation with the help of the art and to be shown that technology can emancipate the art using both artistic techniques and inartistic technological processes. On the other hand, the aim of our article is to provide with a presentation of some onto technological key ideas, along with some conceptual approaches (for example, Levis Brуant’s onto-cartography) which we can distinguish by their further connection with the modern art. Conception of ontology in the terms of technics by all means has become the urgent task for philosophy, and one of the ways to solve this task is to investigate the relationship between ontology and technics. The author of the article argues that the confrontation between nature and technology is an illusion. We tried to complete this argument combining the ontology of nature and of technology in one concept – the concept of machine. Recently most works of art have become technological objects revealing the problem of “technical” art. In the article it is proposed the analysis of some modern works of art and is demonstrated that “the nature” and technics cannot be no more opposed and differentiated since one gives birth to another. Moreover, it is existed only techno-nature and its production (in the difference of repetition and creation) is the final question of techno-art.

Materialism in Ancient Greek Philosophy and in the Writings of the Young Marx

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Burns
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
De Anima ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat is the young Marx's attitude towards questions of psychology? More precisely, what is his attitude towards the human mind and its relationship to the body? To deal adequately with this issue requires a consideration of the relationship between Marx and Feuerbach. It also requires some discussion of the thought of Aristotle. For the views of Feuerbach and the young Marx are (in some respects) not at all original. Rather, they represent a continuation of a long tradition which derives ultimately from ancient Greek philosophy, and especially from the philosophy of Aristotle. As is well known, Aristotle's thought with respect to questions of psychology are mostly presented, by way of a critique of the doctrines of the other philosophers of his day, in his De Anima. W.H. Walsh has made the perceptive observation that Aristotle's views might be seen as an attempt to develop a third approach which avoids the pitfalls usually associated with the idealism of Plato, on the one hand, and the materialism of Democritus on the other. It might be argued that there is an analogy between the situation in which Aristotle found himself in relation to the idealists and materialists of his own day and that which confronted Marx in the very early 1840s. For, like Aristotle, Marx also might be seen as attempting to develop such a third approach. The difference is simply that, in the case of Marx, the idealism in question is that of Hegel rather than that of Plato, and the materialism is the ‘mechanical materialism’ of the eighteenth century rather than that of Democritus. This obvious parallel might well explain why Marx took such a great interest in Aristotle's De Anima both during and shortly after doing the preparatory work for his doctoral dissertation – the subject matter of which, of course, is precisely the materialist philosophy of the ancient Greek atomists Democritus and Epicurus.

scholarly journals Affective and Cognitive Dimensions of Trust in Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Barna Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Trust ◽  
Affective Trust ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Abstract Based on the complexity of communication acts, the paper presents how affective and cognitive aspects are intertwined. First of all, the context of trust and the conditions of its appearance are examined. It is followed by an analysis of trust as an attitude which reveals the difference between contractual approaches and alliances. The relationship between communication and trust is presented by the illocutionary acts. As a result of the analysis, trust can be conceived as a positive attitude of expectation, where one person relies on the assumed good faith, suitability, and sensitivity of the other person, where, although vulnerable, the one who trusts counts on the fact that the trusted person will not abuse his/her position but rather provide assistance to his/her best knowledge in a given area. Cognitive trust is reinforced if the proper data are available, understandable, fit into prior knowledge, and anticipate the possible forms of operation. With affective trust, the issue is not data quality and quantity but rather the way how they are presented.

scholarly journals Note on the selectivity of meshes used by the Santos fishing fleet

1962 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Richardson ◽  
E. P. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper the relationship between total length and girth (circumference) of seven species: "Corvina" (Micropogon furnieri), "Pescada-foguete" (Macrodon ancylodori), "Goete" (Cynoscion petranus), "Tortinha" (Isopisthus parvipinnis), "Cangaua" (Bairdiella ronchus), "Maria Luisa" ("Paralonchurus brasiliensis), and "Oveva" (Larimus breviceps), are expressed in the form of fitted regressions. Theoretical selection lengths assuming, at the one extreme, the mesh to be completely flexible, and at the other extreme to be rigid with axes of 2:3 are calculated. The fish is assumed to be able to adopt a circular cross section. If the fish is not circular but retains its normal form, the difference in the selection length is shown to be little different. The Brazilian commercial boats fishing from Santos are shown to use a mesh which has a very low selection point well below the size of fish which are acceptable on the fish market. The Japanese boats use a much larger mesh, which select fish of marketable size.

scholarly journals Is Imagination Fundamental? on the Issue of the Genesis of Subjectivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5081-5085
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the issue of the genesis of subjectivity, the authors of the article turn to the Hegelian model, which captures the two-sided and fundamentally changeable nature of the relationship between subject and object. The article substantiates the idea that imagination, being considered outside of the context of psychologization or reduction of it only to the reproductive aspect, is a source of binary differences fundamental to philosophical thought. Following Hegel’s dialectical method, the authors note that the presence of the image already indicates the difference between the two dimensions of consciousness and knowledge. The image expresses the primary truth of substance and, at the same time, the way it is subjectively given. There is a differentiation of the subjective moment of Being with the realization of fantasy. All formations of Spirit are interpretations of the figurative series, primal scenes, the analog of which was studied by classical psychoanalysis. From this perspective, the genesis of such subjective modes as consciousness, self-consciousness and mind inevitably includes symbolization, interpretation of the "Self" images, cognizing, willing and acting in various situations and contexts. The study of the concepts developed by Hegel, Kennouche, Verene and Merleau-Ponty allows concluding about two arguments in favor of the fundamentality of imagination. This refers, on the one hand, to subjective imagination that generates meanings and the need for their interpretation and, on the other hand, to the initial form of synthesis, on the basis of which, the subject and object of cognition, formations of consciousness and types of knowledge characteristic of them are further distinguished. The image, being the first meeting of the concrete and universal, is capable of setting the plot of one or another form of subjectivity.

“The Very Place of Apparition”: Derrida on Husserl’s Concept of Noema

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
Pietro Terzi
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Fundamental Condition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract In Specters of Marx, Derrida suggests that the most fundamental condition of phenomenality lies in the ambiguous status of the noema, defined as an intentional and non-real component of Erlebnis, neither “in” the world nor “in” consciousness. This “irreality” of the noematic correlate is conceived by Derrida as the origin of sense and experience. Already in his Of Grammatology, Derrida maintained that the difference between the appearing and the appearance, between the world and the lived experience, is the condition of all other differences. Unfortunately, Derrida limits himself to a few self-evident remarks, without further elaborating. The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, to contextualize Derrida’s interpretation of the noema from a theoretical and historical perspective; on the other hand, to show its effects on the early moments of Derrida’s philosophy. The result will shed light on a neglected issue in the relationship between deconstruction and phenomenology.

scholarly journals Consciência de Imagem e Fantasia. Ego de observação e ego de devaneio

Phainomenon ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16-17 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-176
Author(s):  
Pedro M. S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Story ◽  
Free Construction ◽  
Original Presentation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Phenomenological Point

Abstract I intend to understand from a phenomenological point of view the relationship between figurative consciousnesses (Bildbewusstsein) and other non-original presentations (Vergegenwiirtigungen) such as expectations, recollections or fantasies. I centre my analyses in the difference between figurative consciousness, on the one hand, and a modality of fantasy I cal! “daydream consciousness”, on the other. I stress that figurative consciousness implies apure observational ego, whereas day-dream consciousness is a free construction of the ego’s own personal story. The freedom of”day dream consciousness” has, nevertheless, some important constraints. I emphasize the constraints that come from the passive and affective life of the ego. Finally, I propose new criteria for the phenomenological differentiation between the several kinds of acts of non-original presentation.

scholarly journals Trust and its relations to commitment and involvement in work and organisations

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Bussing
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Work Involvement ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Personal Trust ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

There are two perspectives on trust: personal and systems trust. This paper focuses on personal trust. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the relationship between personal trust in organisations on the one hand and organisational commitment and job and work involvement on the other hand. This is done against the background of four hypotheses. They refer to the difference between affective and instrumental commitment - stating that personal trust correlates with affective but not instrumental commitment – and to the difference between job and work involvement – stating that personal trust correlates with job but not work involvement. Opsomming Daar is twee perspektiewe oor vertroue: persoonlike en stelsel vertroue. Hierdie artikel fokus op persoonlike vertroue. Die doel van die artikel is om die verwantskap tussen persoonlike vertroue in organisasies aan die een kant en organisasie-verbintenis en pos – en werkbetrokkenheid aan die ander kant te ontleed. Dit word gedoen teen die agtergrond van vier hipotesese. Hulle verwys na die verskil tussen affektiewe en instrumentele verbintennisse – beklemtoning dat persoonlike vertroue korreleer met affektiewe maar nie instrumentele verbetenis – die verskil tussen pos en werkbetrokkenheid – beklemtoning dat persoonlike vertroue korreleer met pos maar nie werkbetrokkenheid.

The Failure to Control and the Failure to Prevent, Repress and Submit: The Structure of Superior Responsibility under Article 28 icc Statute

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Yokohama
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Superior Responsibility ◽  
The Relationship

In Article 28 of the statute of the International Criminal Court (icc), there appear to be two kinds of omission, namely, a failure to control on the one hand, and a failure to prevent, repress and submit on the other. However, the relationship between both omissions remains unclear so far. This is a controversial topic not only in the scholarly debate but also in the recent jurisprudence of the icc. The core question is whether both omissions need to be proved separately (twofold-failures approach), or whether only the proof of the latter omission could suffice for the superior to be held responsible (single-failure approach). These two approaches could lead to different conclusions as to several aspects of superior responsibility: the ‘number’ of omissions that must be proved and the requirement of causality, for example. This article addresses the difference between these two approaches and demonstrates which approach should be adopted.

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