The conceptual structure of deontic meaning: A model based on geometrical principles

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Order Reflection ◽  
Natural Way

AbstractDeontic meanings have frequently been considered in relation to epistemic meanings and the present paper introduces a novel framework for investigating this relationship. The paper first introduces the basic ideas in Deictic Space Theory (DST), illustrating the geometrical elements involved with respect to counterfactual conceptualisations. This framework is then used to explore deontic conceptualisations in relation to epistemic conceptualisations. Following the implications of the geometrical structure logic of DST, epistemic concepts are taken as fundamental and as presupposed in deontic meanings. It is argued that counterfactuality, which can be modelled as a geometrical reflection transformation, is crucial to the modelling of the conceptual space of obligation concepts expressed in English modal verbs. It is further argued that a second-order reflection transformation can model permission concepts. Deontic ‘force’ is modelled in a natural way as force vectors, an already assumed ingredient of DST's geometrical framework. Finally the paper considers ways in which this framework does and does not run counter to existing claims about deontic and epistemic meaning in Cognitive Semantics.

A view from cognitive linguistics

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Langacker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
General Architecture

Barsalou's contribution converges with basic ideas and empirical findings of cognitive linguistics. They posit the same general architecture. The perceptual grounding of conceptual structure is a central tenet of cognitive linguistics. Our capacity to construe the same situation in alternate ways is fundamental to cognitive semantics, and numerous parallels are discernible between conceptual construal and visual perception. Grammar is meaningful, consisting of schematized patterns for the pairing of semantic and phonological structures. The meanings of grammatical elements reside primarily in the construal they impose on conceptual content. This view of linguistic structure appears to be compatible with Barsalou's proposals.

Autonomie, Charakter und praktische Vernunft: Überlegungen am Beispiel des Utilitarismus

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jay Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Bernard Williams ◽  
Personal Projects ◽  
Peter Railton ◽  
Order Reflection

AbstractThis paper explores the question whether utilitarianism is compatible with the autonomy of the moral agent. The paper begins by considering Bernard Williams' famous complaint that utilitarianism cannot do justice to the personal projects and commitments constitutive of character. Recent work (by Peter Railton among others) has established that a utilitarian agent need not be free of such personal projects and commitments, and could even affirm them morally at the level of second"order reflection. But a different and more subtle problem confronts this approach: the use of utilitarian principles to justify the cultivation of personal projects and attachments undermines the autonomy to support this objection, according to which autonomy is a matter of acting in a way one can reflectively endorse.

The M Emission Spectrum of68Erbium

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dellith ◽  
Michael Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Classical Paper ◽  
Line Type ◽  
Order Reflection

The M emission spectrum of68Er was reinvestigated using wavelength dispersive spectrometry, with a TAP diffracting crystal. By recording the spectra using the second-order reflection, an improved energy resolution was achieved, which is necessary to resolve the M5O3line from the neighboring α M5N7transition. In addition to the five lines/bands tabulated in the classical paper of Bearden, a number of further lines were observed. These are M1N3, M3O1, M2N1, M5O3, M3N1, and M4N3. For all the lines with an energy below the M5absorption structure (M5O3, M3N1, M4N3, and ζ M5N3), an increasing relative intensity with increasing energy of the exciting electrons,E0, was observed. This dependence has its origin in the fact that these lines are normally absorbed whereas Mα (M5N7) and Mβ (M4N6) are additionally affected by anomalous line-type absorption.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH FAIRY TALE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
N. F. Yeremeieva
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Conceptual Space

The article deals with semantics of English folk fairytales. Conceptual analysis is considered to be a new approach to the learning of folk fairytales. This analysis is performed in terms of cognitive linguistics which deals with structures of knowledge representation, which form language signs and speech patterns. The purpose of the investigation is to identify the patterns of structuring of mental representations which form conceptual (psychological) space of folk fairytale texts. They are considered to be the main prerequisite for both the folk fairytale formation and its understanding. While investigating the folk fairytale texts we have used the frame approach for modeling the conceptual space of a folk fairytale as a sign which is characterized by certain semantics .Our investigation develops Propp’s ideas and is connected with conceptual (cognitive) semantics Nowadays formal apparatus for modeling verbalized knowledge is developed within this field of science.

A Perturbation Analysis of the Wavemaking of a Ship, with an Interpretation of Guilloton’s Method

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
F. Noblesse
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Solution ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Perturbation Analysis ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Regular Perturbation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Perturbation Problem ◽  
Sinkage And Trim ◽  
Basic Ideas

A thin-ship perturbation analysis, suggested by Guilloton's basic ideas, is presented. The analysis may be regarded as an application of Lighthill's method of strained coordinates to a regular perturbation problem. An inconsistent second-order approximation in which the Laplace equation is satisfied to first order, and the boundary conditions both at the free surface and on the ship hull are satisfied to second order, is derived. When sinkage and trim, incorporated into the present analysis, are ignored, this approximate solution is shown to be essentially equivalent to the method of Guilloton.

scholarly journals Lie groupoids and algebroids applied to the study of uniformity and homogeneity of Cosserat media

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1830003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Jiménez ◽  
Manuel de León ◽  
Marcelo Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Lie Algebroid ◽  
Lie Groupoids ◽  
Lie Groupoid ◽  
Text Structures ◽  
Cosserat Medium ◽  
Homogeneity Property ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cosserat Media ◽  
Natural Way

A Lie groupoid, called second-order non-holonomic material Lie groupoid, is associated in a natural way to any Cosserat medium. This groupoid is used to give a new definition of homogeneity which does not depend on a material archetype. The corresponding Lie algebroid, called second-order non-holonomic material Lie algebroid, is used to characterize the homogeneity property of the material. We also relate these results with the previously obtained ones in terms of non-holonomic second-order [Formula: see text]-structures.

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