Foreign Aid Reciprocity Agreements: Committing Developing Countries to Improve the Effectiveness of Aid When They Become Donors

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Skladany
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Development ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Interaction ◽  
Aid Programs

AbstractExisting best practices for aid delivery are well known and largely uncontroversial but often neglected by bilateral and multilateral aid agencies because of domestic political considerations and bureaucratic resistance. Developing countries should unilaterally ratify an agreement committing them, in the future, after they have experienced sustained and robust economic, social, and political development, to establish their own foreign aid programs that follow existing best practices for aid delivery. Such foreign aid reciprocity agreements would have numerous benefits, including: being an international tool to signal a developing country’s resolve to reform and a domestic tool to pressure corrupt public officials to improve; enabling developing countries to take a leadership position in international development discourses; putting pressure on developed countries to implement best practices; and encouraging other developing countries to support and eventually adopt aid reciprocity agreements, which would lead to an increase in the amount of aid in the future. Furthermore, the idea of unilateral reciprocity agreements could potentially be expanded to areas of international interaction beyond foreign aid such as finance, trade, security, technology transfer, migration, and environmental policies.

scholarly journals The Role of BRICS in International Development Assistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Shuyong Guo ◽  
◽  
Yulin Sun ◽  
Pavel Demidov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Future

With their growing economic power and international influence, the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are paying increasing attention to international development assistance. Although the BRICS countries started later than western developed countries, the speed of their development is staggering and their share in foreign aid is gradually increasing. The BRICS countries continue to innovate forms of assistance and cooperation in their own international development assistance, to strengthen cooperation with recipient countries, and to plan their own foreign aid work through the establishment of relevant institutions and the publication of relevant documents. But, at the same time, the BRICS countries are facing certain challenges in the process of international development assistance. This article examines the historical practice of BRICS’ international development assistance, analyzes the role BRICS plays in international development assistance, and considers the future prospects for BRICS’ participation.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

scholarly journals The Application of Principles of Green Building in Traditional Housing in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Maryam Qays Oleiwi ◽  
Ayat Ali ◽  
Nangkula Utaberta ◽  
Mastor Surat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

Green building has become an important issue among architects and urban planners due to the increment in global warming risks and climatic changes which influenced negatively on natural resources. It is also one of measures been put forward to alleviate the significant impacts of the influence of buildings on the environment, society and economy. There have been extensive studies on green buildings, as evidenced in the rapid growing number of papers been published in last decades. These studies have been conducted in both developed countries and developing countries, indicating this is a global issue. However, there is lack of extensive researches on the green buildings in Iraq that is crucial for the future exerts. This paper reports the definition of green building, the environmental, social and economical aspects of green building, and application of green building's principles in traditional housing in Iraq.

Academic Analysis and U.S. Economic Assistance Policy on Africa

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Michael Bratton
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Development ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Agency For International Development ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Aid Programs ◽  
Institutional Linkages ◽  
The U.S

Of all the policy issue areas that concern the U.S. government in its relations with Africa, economic assistance policy has attracted the deepest and widest involvement from U.S. university scholars. University-based analysts have enjoyed numerous avenues of access to officials who define, design, implement and evaluate U.S. foreign aid programs for sub-Saharan Africa. U.S. universities have stronger institutional linkages with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) than with any other Washington institution discussed in this ISSUE, including the U.S. Congress and agencies within the the national security bureaucracy.

Improving the International Development Architecture

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Constantine Michalopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Development ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Universal Primary Education ◽  
The Core ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

The end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the next millennium was characterized by an extraordinary burst of international cooperation on development. At the core of this cooperation was the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000 and the related agreement to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The U4 played a role both in the run-up to the MDG agreement and in linking the achievement of the MDG objective of ending poverty to collaborative efforts between donor and recipient, with partners in the driver’s seat setting their own priorities. This chapter starts with a discussion of the agreement to establish the MDGs at the UN and its implications for development. Then it turns to the perennial question of how much aid developed countries should commit to provide to developing countries, and what donors and recipients must do to make aid more effective, two central issues of the Monterrey Conference on Finance for Development in 2002. The last part discusses the special U4 and international community efforts to achieve universal primary education and to battle HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.

8. The future of development

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
Ian Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
International Community ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
The Future

‘The future of development’ considers some of the key challenges facing all countries: the sequencing of different policy reforms and investment efforts; the role of private investment and foreign aid; the coherence of aid policies; the provision of global public goods; and the role of the international community in the protection and restoration of the global commons. As individuals get wealthier and escape poverty, the choices they make increasingly impact other people. More than ever the futures of advanced and developing countries are intertwined. The term ‘development’ is less and less about a geographic place and more and more about our collective ability to cooperate in harvesting global opportunities and managing the associated global risks.

Ambient Learning Conceptual Framework for Bridging Digital Divide in Higher Education

2015 ◽  
pp. 417-446
Author(s):  
Simon Nyaga Mwendia ◽  
Peter Waiganjo Wagacha ◽  
Robert Oboko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
International Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Digital Gap

According to ITU (2012), digital divide is the difference between countries in terms of levels of ICT development. This difference remains significant. In 2011, the ICT Development Index (IDI) value of developed countries (6.52) was twice as high as that of developing countries (3.24). The need to link the digital divide for universal broadband Internet access is within the key international development goals, which include World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) goals and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Ambient learning is the next generation of M-learning (Bick, Kummer, Pawlowski, & Veith, 2007), which allows flexible content access by considering learner's current situation and learning context (Kofod-Petersen, et al., 2008). However, ambient learning has not yet attained a state of common understanding (Winker, Scharf, Hahn, & Herczeg, 2011) and is not widely used or adopted (Bick, et al., 2007). This chapter presents a theoretical conceptual framework to foster creativity for innovative ambient learning applications, which can be used to bridge the digital gap between universities in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Economic Position

This paper argues that the main cause of the deteriorating economic position of unskilled workers in the United States and other developed countries has been expansion of trade with developing countries. In the framework of a Heckscher-Ohlin model, it outlines the evidence in support of this view, responds to criticisms of this evidence, and challenges the evidence for the alternative view that the problems of unskilled workers are caused mainly by new technology. The paper concludes with a look at the future and at the implications for public policy.

Political-Development Doctrines in the American Foreign Aid Program

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Packenham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Critical Problems

It is becoming increasingly evident, if it is not clear already, that one of the most critical problems in the overall modernization of the developing countries is political development. In South Vietnam, in the Congo, in Brazil, in Indonesia—all over the underdeveloped world, the capacity of countries to cope with their own problems, and consequently the stance of the United States toward these nations, turns in varying degrees on the successes or failures of the political system.

scholarly journals Foreign Aid and Freire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Yates
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Action Program ◽  
The People ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Aid Programs ◽  
Positive Results

<p><b>Abstract</b></p> <p>Freire would see the imposition of western values and programs through foreign aid as a form of oppressive cultural invasion; “The invaders mold; those they invade are molded; invaders choose; those they invade follow that choice or are expected to follow it; invaders act; those they invade have only an illusion of acting, through the actions of the invaders” (1970, p. 133). Recipients of aid accept the imposed norms and values of the donor and perceive the donor as superior and, therefore, themselves as inferior. Freire comments, “one cannot expect positive results from an educational or political action program which fails to respect the particular view of the world held by the people. Such a program constitutes cultural invasion, good intentions notwithstanding” (1970, p. 76). Cultural invasion within development aid programs can be seen in the ready acceptance of developed countries’ values and practices by developing countries, which are introduced and enforced through ‘banking’ by an invading force of expatriate advisers.</p>

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