From connective construction to final particle: The emergence of the Korean disapproval marker hakonun

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1607
Author(s):  
Minju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Data Frequency ◽  
Similar Development ◽  
Frequency Counts ◽  
Final Particles

AbstractUsing conversational data, frequency counts, and prosodic evidence drawn from corpora of 70 television drama series and 142 audio-recorded natural conversations, I demonstrate that the Korean connective construction hakonun ‘after having done,’ which comprises ha ‘do’, ko ‘and’ and the topic marker nun and indicates a temporal sequence, has developed into a final particle that encodes a speaker’s stance of criticism and complaint. I show that the source, hakonun, has routinely been used in expressing concessive relations between two sequential events that go against the speaker’s expectation (‘counter-expectation’), and thus, is frequently used to challenge a hearer (e.g., ‘after having done many evil deeds, how can you ask for my help?’). Through this use, the speaker’s negative affect and stance of disapproval have become semanticized with hakonun. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of (inter)subjectification and insubordination, I propose that hakonun and Japanese shi ‘and’ constitute another case of crosslinguistically similar development of connectives becoming final particles. McGloin and Konishi (2010) argue that through its frequent use in the context of counter-expectation, shi ‘and’ has recently developed into a final particle expressing a speaker’s negative stance such as criticism and complaint.

‘Only’ in Nguni: A Phrase-Final Particle Meets Antisymmetry Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Carstens ◽  
Jochen Zeller
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Complex Topography ◽  
Focus Particles ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
English Only ◽  
Final Particles

This article investigates the syntax of the phrase-final focus particles kuphela and qha ‘only’ in Zulu and Xhosa (Nguni; Bantu). We show that kuphela’s and qha’s associations with a focused constituent respect the complex topography of information structure in Nguni and, like English only, a surface c-command requirement. However, unlike English only, the Zulu and Xhosa particles typically follow the focus associate they c-command, a fact that poses a serious challenge for Kayne’s (1994) antisymmetry theory. We demonstrate that the Nguni facts are incompatible with recent Linear Correspondence Axiom–inspired approaches to phrase-final particles in other languages and, after weighing the merits of several approaches, we conclude that kuphela is an adjunct and that syntax is only weakly antisymmetric: adjuncts are not subject to the LCA.

Integration of Ilokano in the Mass Communication Curriculum of the University of Northern Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIE ROSE QUITORIANO RABANG
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Public Service Announcements ◽  
Local Media ◽  
Bachelor Of Arts ◽  
The Media ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Data Frequency ◽  
Frequency Counts ◽  
Descriptive Method

The University of Northern Philippines (UNP) offers Bachelor of Arts major in Mass Communication to provide qualified and effective communicators for the various communication channels in the locality. This study was conducted to look into the need to integrate Ilokano or the local language in the mass communication curriculum of the University of Northern Philippines (UNP). It determined the Ilokano proficiency required by the local media, the Ilokano proficiency of the mass communication students, and whether Ilokano should be offered as a subject in UNP. This is a descriptive survey using questionnaires in gathering the data. Frequency counts, percentages and means were used to interpret the data. This study found out that most of the local media use Ilokano in 81-100% of their programs/publications and that they require personnel with very high Ilokano proficiency specifically in listening, reading, speaking and writing. The students assessed themselves as being highly proficient in Ilokano but average in writing. In particular, their facility in using Ilokano is only average along vocabulary, spelling, grammar, essay and longer composition. Further, students need to develop their facility in using Ilokano for skills needed in the media, such as interviewing, news casting, giving commentaries, program hosting, newswriting, writing advertisements and public service announcements. Students could best develop their Ilokano proficiency through the integration of Ilokano as a subject in the curriculum.Keywords: Communication, curriculum, Ilokano, local media, descriptive method, Philippines

scholarly journals Os morfemas finais Ne e Yo da língua japonesa, à luz das funções do Kyüjôhô (informações dadas) e Shinjôhô (informações novas) - um estudo da subjetividade e emoção

1969 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Yüki Mukai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Final Particles

Japanese final particles (shüjoshi) are situated at a modus (modality) layer, which expresses the speaker’s subjective attitude regarding the dictum (proposition) such as his judgement, supposition, volition, emotion and order. The speaker uses the final particle yo to express an assertive attitude generally when he introduces new information to which he wants the addressee to pay attention. On the other hand, the speaker uses a final particle ne, expecting the addressee to agree with him or in order to make his utterance roundabout, introducing given/old information. However, the speaker’s choice of yo or ne depends not only on the informational structure of discourse, but also on the human relationship or on the strategy used by that speaker in the moment of his utterance.

scholarly journals particle ne in the development of interactional positioning in L2 Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-143
Author(s):  
Mika Kizu ◽  
Barbara Pizziconi ◽  
Eiko Gyogi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Grammatical Competence ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Patterns Of Use

The use of the sentence-final particle ne by a group of ten learners of Japanese is investigated longitudinally over a period spanning two years: before, during, immediately after and six-months after return from a year of study in Japan (SA). Quantitative observation reveals two patterns of use, that is, ‘prolific' and ‘exiguous' styles. Learners in the prolific group display frequent use from before the start of SA, and a subsequent plateau; the others use ne more rarely until after the SA, when the two groups' patterns start converging. In line with previous research, we argue that a certain level of lexical and grammatical competence (which we posit to be at least higher intermediate level) is a precondition for the use of ne, but against previous research, we suggest that the amount of naturalistic exposure in an immersion context is not necessarily a decisive factor in its development. Qualitative analysis of the conversational-analytical structuring of interactional meanings shows that regardless of the amount of particle use, both groups are able to deploy ne as a marker of interactional alignment in formulaic and non-formulaic tokens. Interestingly, developments can be observed also in the six months after SA, in which all learners increase proportion and/or range of uses of ne.

scholarly journals The Empath and the Psychopath: Ethics, Imagination, and Intercorporeality in Bryan Fuller'sHannibal

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Understanding ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Embodied Simulation ◽  
Screen Media ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Embodied Imagination

The long-form television drama series Hannibal (Fuller 2013–2015) thematises the embodied imagination and the elicitation of empathy and ethical understanding at the level of narrative and characterisation as well as through character engagement and screen aesthetics. Using Hannibal as a case study, this research investigates how stylistic choices frame the experiences of screen characters and engender forms of intersubjectivity based on corporeal and cognitive routes to empathy; in particular, it examines the capacity for screen media to facilitate what neuroscientist Vittorio Gallese terms intercorporeality. As a constitutive aspect of intersubjectivity and social understanding that works through embodied simulation, intercorporeality invites a reconceptualisation of empathy and its association with ethical motivation and insight. Hannibal also introduces cannibalism as a dark metaphor for the incorporation of another into oneself, reflecting on empathy's ill-understood potential for negative affect and unethical consequences.

scholarly journals Please remind me: A history of the Japanese particle of recollection kke

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
John Bundschuh
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Grammatical Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modal Sentence ◽  
Common Application ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Final Particles

The Japanese sentence-final particle kke is a marker of epistemic modality with evidential and mirative overtones. Its most common application is indexing the uncertainty of one’s recollection in interrogative sentences, but in declarative sentences it indexes a reaffirmation of the certainty of the utterance. This study traces the grammatical development of kke from the older Japanese perfect auxiliary -kyeri, citing examples from 8th-century Japanese through today. Through examining kke’s diachrony, it provides evidence that modal sentence-final particles can develop from auxiliaries when the contexts in which they are used become restricted over time.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Japanese Sentence-final Particle Yone: Compare Yone and Ne in Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-191
Author(s):  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Final Particle ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Final Particles

Yone, a Japanese sentence-final particle (SFP), is frequently used in conversation, and some functions overlap with ne, another SFP. However, not much discussion has taken place about their differences. This study argues that the two Japanese sentence-final particles, yone and ne, express a distinction about the speaker's state of mind: yone indicates that an idea has been on the speaker's mind, while ne suggests a thought just emerged into the speaker's awareness. Naturally occurring conversation data provides evidence for this claim. The results show that the particles reflect the speaker's choice of presenting his/her state of awareness.

Japanese epistemic sentence-final particle kana

Pragmatics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Matsugu
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Language ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Final Particles

The Japanese language is known for its sentence-final particles (SFPs hereafter) that express modality. Although modality would seem to be inseparable from context, only a limited number of studies have explicated the nature of SFPs based on data from conversations. This paper discusses the functions of SFP kana, based on 272 occurrences of the particle from over 7 hours of recorded conversation. I propose that kana, which is commonly defined as a doubt marker, frequently functions as a mitigation marker. My investigation also explores how speakers use this function beyond the sentence level. It suggests that traditional descriptions of the syntactic environments in which SFPs occur are not always substantiated by how kana is actually used. Yet, seemingly unsystematic uses of kana are quite systematic in terms of its semantic and pragmatic aspects. These findings suggest that in studying Japanese sentence-final particles, it’s important to study naturally occurring conversations.

Variation in the use of sentence final particles in Macau Cantonese

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Botha ◽  
Lawrie A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Affective Relations ◽  
Final Particles

This paper considers how meaningful social information is conveyed with the use of sentence final particles in Macau Cantonese. The purpose in this research is to provide a general sociolinguistic account of sentence final particles in Macau Cantonese, and specifically to illustrate that social meanings of SFPs are variable, and do not constitute rigid or fixed meanings and interpretations. These social meanings, this paper argues, are a potential for indicating speaker identity at the individual level, and constitute a rich resource for communicating speaker identity in Macau Cantonese. This study uses an eclectic sociolinguistic approach, and combines elements of distributionist analyses, social network theory and constructionist approaches with a view to accounting for the dynamics underlying sentence final particle variation. Finally, this research considers constraints such as conversation topic, the affective relations between interlocutors, and gender as impinging on the distribution and use of SFPs in Macau Cantonese.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document