Language structure and social agency: Confirming polar questions in conversation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Enfield ◽  
Jack Sidnell
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Agency ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Function Mapping

AbstractWhile it has been shown that languages can select quite different formal resources for performing similar pragmatic functions in social interaction, our focus in this paper is the possibility that some types of form-function mapping are essentially universal. Our case study looks at how polar questions are confirmed. For confirming a polar question like ‘Have they gone?’, all languages provide two basic alternatives: an interjection type strategy (something like ‘Yes’) and a repetition type strategy (something like ‘They have gone’). Combinations of these are also possible. Does selection of one of these options have a definable pragmatic function? An analysis of cases from English telephone calls shows that interjection type confirmations are used when the confirmation is relatively straightforward in interactional terms, and where the epistemic terms of the question are accepted by the person who is confirming. By contrast, repetition type confirmations are associated with pragmatic functions where the answerer is in some way resisting the epistemic terms of the question, or dealing with a perturbation of the interactional sequence. We argue that the inherent semiotics of the two strategies explain why they have this distribution; i.e., we do not expect that interjection forms would be standardly used for non-straightforward confirmations, etc. In other words, the form-function mapping observed in English is a non-arbitrary one. Given that this semiotic motivation for choosing one over the other alternative for confirming polar questions should be present in other languages as well, we predict that the mapping observed in English will be observed in other languages as well.

scholarly journals A naturalistic paradigm simulating gaze-based social interactions for the investigation of social agency

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044-1055
Author(s):  
Marie-Luise Brandi ◽  
Daniela Kaifel ◽  
Juha M. Lahnakoski ◽  
Leonhard Schilbach
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Social Agency ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Real Person

Abstract Sense of agency describes the experience of being the cause of one’s own actions and the resulting effects. In a social interaction, one’s actions may also have a perceivable effect on the actions of others. In this article, we refer to the experience of being responsible for the behavior of others as social agency, which has important implications for the success or failure of social interactions. Gaze-contingent eyetracking paradigms provide a useful tool to analyze social agency in an experimentally controlled manner, but the current methods are lacking in terms of their ecological validity. We applied this technique in a novel task using video stimuli of real gaze behavior to simulate a gaze-based social interaction. This enabled us to create the impression of a live interaction with another person while being able to manipulate the gaze contingency and congruency shown by the simulated interaction partner in a continuous manner. Behavioral data demonstrated that participants believed they were interacting with a real person and that systematic changes in the responsiveness of the simulated partner modulated the experience of social agency. More specifically, gaze contingency (temporal relatedness) and gaze congruency (gaze direction relative to the participant’s gaze) influenced the explicit sense of being responsible for the behavior of the other. In general, our study introduces a new naturalistic task to simulate gaze-based social interactions and demonstrates that it is suitable to studying the explicit experience of social agency.

Online induction programme with webinar: a case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Sharon Warren ◽  
Patricia Black ◽  
Elizabeth Mills
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Student Feedback ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the introduction of an online induction programme including an interactive webinar on a distance learning course and to present student feedback on the programme. It focuses on lessons learnt and implications for others implementing similar induction programmes. Design/methodology/approach – A self-completion questionnaire was sent to all students enroled on the programme, including those who did not attend the webinar or participate in the online induction programme. This was followed up with a semi-structured interview. The analysis focused on the student experience of the induction programme. Findings – Overall, students reported to be satisfied with the online programme. The webinar encouraged engagement with some elements of the online workshop and was felt to complement the other learning opportunities available online. The webinar was particularly valued for providing a “face” to the course, facilitating interactivity among tutors and students and helping the students to feel part of the University. Students also reported that the webinar had the advantage of allowing a social interaction between them. Practical implications – A number of key changes related to multiple offerings of the webinar and the timing of activities in the online workshop were highlighted to encourage participation. Greater clarity on what is required in the induction and how long it would take would also encourage participation. Originality/value – This case study is one of the few to evaluate the inclusion of webinar technology within an online induction programme and, therefore, has value in this context.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN THE APPLICATION OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE AS A LEARNING MEDIA IN TRANSLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Christanta Rejuna Phanes Sembiring Brahmana ◽  
Rudy Sofyan ◽  
Dian Marisha Putri
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This paper is concerned with the problems in the application of Google Translate as a translation tool. The discussion focuses on the identification of the problems faced by the translators. This research was conducted by using the descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Some theories supporting this research were proposed by Munday, Imre, and also Ghasemi and Hasemian. The data sources in this research were taken from the questionnaires given to students of English Literature Department of USU. From the analysis, it was found that the biggest problems often faced by the students of English Literature Department of USU were the inaccuracy and mismatch of the meaning translated which reached 31%, followed by the inaccuracy of the language structure in the translation result which reached 30%. On the other hand, the findings also showed that the best solution to deal with these problems was to make self-corrections and check the meaning of some suspected words in the dictionary and make the best choice according to the context. With the same percentage of 29%, it could be concluded that the two solutions were claimed to be the best and most efficient for the students. The conclusion was that the use of Google Translate as a learning media in translation could be accepted and applied in the classroom. Based on the results of this analysis, it was revealed that students had already known how to solve the problems of using Google Translate.

Recontextualization of the Corporate Values of a Danish MNC in a Subsidiary in Bangalore

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Cardel Gertsen ◽  
Mette Zølner
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multinational Company ◽  
Social Agency ◽  
Corporate Values ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The One ◽  
Meaning System ◽  
A Company

The authors analyze the recontextualization of the corporate values of a multinational company (MNC) in one of its subsidiaries. The authors draw upon qualitative material from a case study of a company of Danish origin and its endeavors to implement its corporate values in an Indian subsidiary in Bangalore. The authors show how these values take on new meanings when interpreted by local employees. On the one hand, their understandings are shaped by the prevailing meaning system, including leadership ideals, and on the other hand, by their resources and strategies. To further their understanding of the recontextualization, the authors point to a need to go beyond the system of signification shared within a national culture and include social agency, of which they conceive in Bourdieusian terms.

Microsatellites mapping for non-model species with chromosomal rearrangement: a case study in the frog Quasipaa boulengeri (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyun Yuan ◽  
Siqi Yuan ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
Xiaomao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Chromosomal Speciation ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Suppressed Recombination ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Chromosome Level

Gene mapping is an important resource for understanding the evolution of genes and cytogenetics. Model species with a known genetic map or genome sequence allow for the selection of genetic markers on a desired chromosome, while it is hard to locate these markers on chromosomes of non-model species without such references. A frog species, Quasipaa boulengeri, shows chromosomal rearrangement polymorphisms, making itself a fascinating model for chromosomal speciation mediated by suppressed recombination. However, no markers have been located on its rearranged chromosomes. We present a complete protocol to map microsatellites based on mechanical microdissection and chromosome amplification techniques. Following this protocol, we mapped 71 microsatellites of Q. boulengeri at the chromosome level. In total, eight loci were assigned to rearranged chromosomes, and the other 63 loci might attach to other chromosomes. These microsatellites could be used to compare the gene flow and verify the chromosomal suppressed recombination hypothesis in Q. boulengeri. This integrated protocol could be effectively used to map genes to chromosomes for non-model species.

scholarly journals Contribuições do sociointeracionismo para a aprendizagem de um idioma em plataformas digitais / Contributions from sociointeracionism to the learning of a language in digital platforms

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Renata Santos de Morales ◽  
Noeli Reck Maggi ◽  
André Luis Marques da Silveira ◽  
Juliana Figueiró Ramiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Virtual Learning Environments ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Teaching Platform ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Reflective Display ◽  
Selection Of

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta, a partir de um breve estudo de caso que tem como objeto a plataforma de ensino da Língua Inglesa My English Online, considerações iniciais sobre as possíveis contribuições da teoria sociointeracionista, proposta por Lev Semenovich Vigotsky, para um melhor desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. No estudo da ferramenta, verificou-se que, tal como ocorre frequentemente em projetos de designinstrucional, o desenvolvimento da plataforma foi orientado pelo construtivismo de Jean Piaget, fato que será apresentado a partir da seleção e exposição reflexiva de algumas funcionalidades dessa plataforma. O desafio deste artigo é pautar, a partir da sugestão de inclusão de novas funcionalidades na plataforma, uma possibilidade de unir ambas as teorias com o objetivo de contribuir para a aprendizagem.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: aprendizagem de idioma; sociointeracionismo; plataformas digitais. ABSTRACT: This article presents, based on a brief case study which has as its object the English teaching platform My English Online, initial considerations on the possible contributions of the sociointeractionist theory proposed by Lev Semenovich Vigotsky, for a better development of virtual learning environments. The case study showed that, as often happens in instructional design projects, the development of the platform was guided by Jean Piaget’s constructivism, which will be presented from the selection and reflective display of a selection of the platform’s features. The challenge of this paper is to suggest, based on the inclusion of new features on the platform, a union of both theories in order to contribute to learning processes.KEYWORDS: language learning; social interaction; digital platforms.

scholarly journals The choice of plant provenance for ecological restoration affects pollinator network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bucharova ◽  
Christian Lampei ◽  
Malte Conrady ◽  
Emilia May ◽  
Janis Matheja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractBackgroundThe selection of plant provenance for ecological restoration is an intensively debated topic. Throughout this debate, arguments mostly focus on plant performance, but little attention is paid to the effects of provenance on other members of the restored ecosystem. On the other hand, in restoration projects that focus specifically on supporting interacting biota, for example flower stripes among fields to support pollinators, the provenance choice is often not considered, partly because the effect of provenance on pollinators is unknown. In this pioneering case study, we tested whether pollinators differentiate between experimental plant communities of different provenances.MethodsWe established experimental plant communities with the same species composition but with plants originating from three different provenances. We then recorded plant phenology and observed pollinators and flower visitors interacting with these experimental communities and related the pollinator visitation to the provenance identity.ResultsThe provenances of the experimental plant communities had a strong and significant effect on the diversity and abundance of flower-pollinator interactions, with one provenance interacting twice as often as the other two provenances. The effect was driven by the differences in flowering phenology among provenances.Synthesis and applicationPlant provenances substantially differ in their interactions with local pollinators. Therefore, the selection of plant provenance should be considered when planning restoration projects for the support of pollinators.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY- AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 928-932
Author(s):  
Anahit Bindra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Educator ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Core Areas

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a life-long, pervasive neuro-development disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a persons life. It is characterised by deficits in three core areas - communication (both verbal and nonverbal), social interaction, and behaviour (which is restricted and repetitive). Case study refers to the in-depth study of a particular case. A case study employs multiple methods for collecting information such as interview, observation and psychological tests from a variety of respondents who in some way or the other might be associated with the case and can provide useful information. The information was collected by interviewing the case as well as the special educator (the teacher who assists the child at Vasant Valley school). In the case study, the details of the symptoms, causes, treatment, prevention, and management of the respondent were documented.

scholarly journals The Strategic Assessment Model (Stratam) Studying and Preventing Strategic Failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Klaus Ruff-Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Organizational Failure ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Strategic Assessment ◽  
Failure Theory ◽  
Theory Of War

Abstract The purpose of this study is to introduce the Strategic Assessment Model (STRATAM), a model designed to assist in the prevention of strategic failure. STRATAM aids firstly in the assessment of a strategy, as well as its crafting and evolution; secondly, it aims to enable and possibly streamline civil-military strategic debates on military operations. It is argued that strategic blunders in many cases result from latent organizational failures on one’s own side. Therefore, STRATAM combines Clausewitz’ theory of war and strategy with organizational failure theory. To demonstrate the use of this model, this paper uses Operation Cast Lead (or the Gaza War) of 2008-2009 as a case study. The paper’s findings include that the ultimate reasons for strategic failure were on one hand Clausewitzian; on the other hand, the Israeli Defense Force’s failure in organizational learning from a previous war two years earlier. The timely, strategic assessment and an effective civil-military debate about the effects of ongoing military operations might have prevented this failure. STRATAM would have provided the necessary language, structure, and relevance to identify actual and potential strategic failures with the goal to evolve the strategy.

Commentary

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Michael E. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Core ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Vocal Speech

Willams, Greenwald, and Seniuk provide a systematic description of a case study involving one individual who exhibited symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of autism. One of the most interesting features of this case description is that Jorge exhibited many of the types of behavioral excesses and deficits found in individuals diagnosed with autism. In a sense, Jorge is a prototypical individual diagnosed with autism because he provides clear-cut examples of the excesses and deficits that are often described by parents, teachers, and caregivers. On the other hand, one of the confusing aspects of autism is that several individuals diagnosed with autism may present with very different symptoms. Specifically, some individuals may engage in vocal speech, while others may not. Some individuals may establish specific routines or repetitive behaviors that are difficult to compete with, and others may not. Some individuals may seek out some social interaction; others may tolerate social interaction, at best, while others will purposely avoid social interaction. Some individuals may develop significant food selectivity. There are several other possible symptom clusters that might covary among individuals diagnosed with autism. Simply considering the above potential symptom presentations, it becomes exceedingly clear that diagnosing autism and subsequent assessment and treatment of the core and associated behavioral deficits and excesses of autism are an exceedingly difficult set of tasks....

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