scholarly journals Media in Post-Communist Mongolia

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Erik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Media

Abstract The introduction of a liberal media model built on freedom of expression, non-regulation, and free market in Post-Communist Mongolia has lead to a plethora of new media outlets. In a context of external pluralism, the media are key players in dramatic political, social, and cultural changes in Mongolian society. However, due to violations of media freedom, lack of ethical standards as well as market failures in a media market marred with clientelism, the Mongolian media have neither lived up to the ideals of liberal media theory nor been driving forces in the ongoing democratization process. Instead, private and public media, in an unholy alliance, appear more like a lapdog in the service of the political and financial establishment than like a watchdog.

scholarly journals Redefining ‘media’ using a ‘media-as-a-constitutional-component’ concept: an evaluation of the need for the European Court of Human Rights to alter its understanding of ‘media’ within a new media landscape

Legal Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53
Author(s):  
Peter Coe
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper considers the impact of new media on freedom of expression and media freedom within the context of the European Convention on Human Rights and European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence. Through comparative analysis of US jurisprudence and scholarship, this paper deals with the following three issues. First, it explores the traditional purpose of the media, and how media freedom, as opposed to freedom of expression, has been subject to privileged protection, within an ECHR context at least. Secondly, it considers the emergence of new media, and how it can be differentiated from the traditional media. Finally, it analyses the philosophical justifications for freedom of expression, and how they enable a workable definition of the media based upon the concept of the media-as-a-constitutional-component.

Political Will and Media Law: A Poland Case Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542110495
Author(s):  
Damian Guzek ◽  
Agnieszka Grzesiok-Horosz
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Media Law ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Legal Pressure

A significant element of Central and Eastern Europe’s democracies backsliding process turns out to be changes in the media law. These changes are now leading to a decline in media freedom. The article attempts to understand this phenomenon by analyzing the process of legal and policy changes in Poland. In the course of the analysis, the reader’s attention is drawn to three elements that form the mainline of events related to the weakening of media freedom. These are, in turn, (a) the takeover of public media by influencing the staffing of media companies, (b) introducing a new, completely politicized body into the legal order, which duplicates the already existing and partially politicized media authority, and (c) exerting economic and legal pressure on the media independent of the authorities, so that they can be taken over by state-owned companies or businessmen favoring the authorities. As a whole, this decline in media freedom can be viewed as a strategy that antagonizes society.

SLOBODA ŠTAMPE PREMA VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ružica Kijevčanin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Press ◽  
Political Right

In this paper, the author starts from the thesis that freedom of expression, which is best reflected in freedom of the press, as the central public media of the time, was a clear indicator of the level of development of the newly created Yugoslav society. The press in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was a clear example of existing social antagonisms. Although the Vidovdan Constitution paid attention to this fundamental human freedom, classifying it as a political right of citizens, the manner of its regulation and practical application indicated limitations, immaturity and unwillingness of society to face its own weaknesses, ie the weaknesses of the ruling establishment, but also all important political factors. According to the letter of the constitution, freedom of the press is guaranteed, but with restrictions. These restrictions, such as the possibility of introducing censorship in cases provided by law, clearly raised the question of whether the existence of freedom of expression could be discussed at all in this period. The enjoyment of freedom of the press was concretized by a later law which found a foothold in the Constitution. Historical facts most faithfully reflect the situation in this area, but also the importance of the issue, through reflection on everyday political, cultural, educational, economic and social relations. After 100 years, the violation of freedom of the press is referred to as a violation of media freedom, which means that restrictions and violations of the rules have not been eradicated, but only shaped into new terminology, ie a new appearance.

scholarly journals The Drift in Journalism Education in India vis-à-vis New Media: Use of New Media by Administrators/ Educators in Journalism Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Neha Jindal
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Curriculum And Pedagogy ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Curriculum Instruction ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Practices

With new media becoming the mainstay of the journalism industry, there is a change in curriculum and pedagogy in journalism education. Even with Web 2.0 becoming the main source of news dissemination, journalism educators will still be required to impart skills to the next generation on writing with clarity, organizing ideas cleanly and working efficiently as a team. The change will be in the methodology, and has to be accepted by the institution at the administrative level first. Since journalism education is required to develop a rational capacity in future graduates, and help them attain all skills essential to understand the media industry with regard to new media practices and changing trends, journalism administrators and educators have to be ably equipped with the skills, only then these can be delivered to the students. The study is about private and public (government) journalism schools in India and focuses on their willingness to adopt the requisite skill set and display adaptability towards using new media. It includes interviews conducted with administrators (who are also educators) in government and private journalism institutions in the country, concerning acceptance of new media and adoption in curriculum, instruction, evaluation and feedback, and arrives at results interpretatively.

Hall of Mirrors: Media, Democratization, and the Public Sphere in Maranhão, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Durazo Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Strong Interference ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere

Freedom of expression and access to diverse sources of information are seen as critical elements of democracy, although their concretization on the ground is subject to strong interference. Recent regime change in Maranhão, one of Brazil’s poorest states, has led to the emergence of new media and some expansion of the public sphere. The traditional oligarchy continues to dominate the media, however, and the opposition media replicate its exclusion of nonelite actors. The Maranhão experience confirms that normative approaches to the media either as automatic contributors to democracy or as instruments of elite manipulation have little value for understanding media dynamics. Liberdade de expressão, bem como o acesso a diversas fontes de informação, são considerados elementos críticos da democracia, ainda que a concretização desses fatores esteja sujeita a forte interferência. A recente troca de regime no Maranhão, um dos estados mais pobres do Brasil, tem levado ao surgimento de uma nova mídia e a uma certa expansão da esfera pública. Contudo, a oligarquia continua dominando a mídia tradicional e a mídia alternativa imita a prática de exclusão de atores não pertencentes à elite. A experiência do Maranhão confirma que tratamentos normativos que veem a mídia como contribuinte automática do processo democrático, ou como instrumento de manipulação da elite, teem pouco valor para se entender a dinâmica da mídia.

scholarly journals Žiniasklaidos laisvė? Žurnalistų etikos problemos Estijoje

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epp Lauk
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Journalism Ethics ◽  
The Media ◽  
Responsibility Model ◽  
Communist Countries

Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama pokomunistinių šalių spaudos laisvė, laisvoji rinka ir egzistuojantys žurnalistų etikos kodeksai, kurių nepakanka garbingos ir etiškos žurnalistikos, prižiūrimos savireguliacinių institucijų, plėtrai. Estijos pavyzdys, kaip demokratijos ir laisvos rinkos ekonomikos modelis, atskleidžia, jog vienoje iš “laisviausių” šalių žiniasklaidos elitas, siekdamas savo interesų ir pelno, išplėtojo užgaulingą “savireguliacijos simuliaciją”. Ten, kur valstybės žiniaskaidos politika išlieka itin liberali, o pilietinės ir politinės kultūros neišplėtotos, “socialiai atsakingos” žurnalistikos modelis neveikia.Freedom for the media? Issues of journalism ethics in Estonia*Epp Lauk SummaryThis paper argues that in the post-Communist countries freedom of the press, free market and existence of journalistic Codes of ethics are not sufficient conditions for the development of fair and ethical journalism that is guarded by a self-regulation body. The example of Estonia, a ‘model’ of the transformation to a democratic free-market economy, demonstrates that in one of the ‘freest’ of environments the media elite have developed an abusive ‘simulation of self-regulation’ to protect their self-serving interests and the pursuit of profit. Where State media policy remains extremely liberal and civic and political cultures are underdeveloped, the ‘social responsibility’ model of journalism does not work.Key words: freedom of expression, media ethics, media self-regulation, civil society, Estonia, post-Communist countries

scholarly journals From Traditional to New Media - Pmi (Public Media Institution Radio Television of Vojvodina) Rtv of Vojvodina in Step with the 21st Century and Media Literacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
MsC Sonja Kokotović ◽  
PhD Miodrag Koprivica
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Regular Education ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Media ◽  
Made In

Today, digital media technologies enable faster reaching the necessary information and placement information that are important to the user, quickly and easily using new communication channels available to everyone around the world. Internet mainly compared with the "information buffet" from which users take as much information as he is when he needs to. This information can be used for information, education, entertainment, advertising, sales, and other aspects of the business. As we live in the age of new media, which enabled the creation and exchange a wide variety of content, including the content of traditional media such as those produced by JMU broadcasting a large number of Internet users, researchers influence of the media warn of increase dependence on the media, especially new and the need to create the institutional basis for the introduction of media education in the regular education program. Gradual influence of new media people indirectly determine the meaning of life, because it is believed that two-thirds of our waking time with the media or with media and other activity. This work will define terms such as Internet, communications, new media, media literacy, social media, media content, but ... I will analyze the expectations and challenges that we accelerated technical and technological developments made in terms of the Internet and other forms of electronic promotions.

scholarly journals The Mass Media Freedom in a State of Emergency: Infodemic vs. COVID-19 Pandemic

SEEU Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Aneta Stojanovska-Stefanova ◽  
Hristina Runcheva Tasev
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Media System ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Times ◽  
Effective Public Health

AbstractInformation, as well as freedom of expression and freedom of the media are essential for democratic society and fundamental characteristic of modern states. The year 2020 will be remembered as a year of pandemic caused from Covid-19 (coronavirus) and a year of response to unexpected challenge that the spread of the virus caused. In the times of pandemic and any type of crisis, the media always plays a key role in informing the public all over the Globe. This paper aims to make theoretical descriptive research and analysis of the influence of coronavirus on news consumption, the role of media in communication and presentation of important developments during pandemic. The authors present an overview of the media system and the latest developments in the EU in preventing fake news related to the pandemic. We conclude that media plays key role in informing the citizens during pandemic and therefore they have increased responsibility in providing reliable information. At the same time, since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, the media have been challenged with parallel outbreaks of disinformation and misinformation about the virus, ranging from fake coronavirus cures, false claims and harmful health advice to wild conspiracy theories. Disinformation can in turn speed up the spread of disease, hinder effective public health responses, as well as create confusion, fear and distrust. We highlight the fundamental function of creating awareness regarding the topic based on facts, and the need of media for preventing panic and fostering people's understanding by ‘checking the source and information twice’.

22. Applications: media law and privacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 448-461
Author(s):  
Howard Davis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Media Law ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
European Court ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. It discusses European Convention law and relates it to domestic law under the HRA. Questions, discussion points, and thinking points help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress and knowledge can be tested by self-test questions and exam questions at the chapter end. This chapter deals with human rights and the media. It considers the widespread tension between, on the one hand, the importance in a democratic society of freedom of expression and, on the other, the rights of persons to protect their various interests, particularly when these involve matters of privacy and confidentiality. The importance of the media is fully recognised by the European Court of Human Rights, and Convention rights have had a significant impact, both directly and indirectly, on media law. However, the issue often involves balancing the clear commitment to media freedom derived from Article 10 with other rights such as those in Article 8.

How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Bojana Kostić ◽  
Tarlach McGonagle
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media

Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues.

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