scholarly journals Similarities and Differences Between Italian Early Neolithic Groups: The Role of Personal Ornaments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1274-1294
Author(s):  
Roberto Micheli
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The Early Neolithic is an interesting period for observing the changes that took place in material culture and also in the ideology that influenced the production of personal ornaments. Objects of adornment are useful for understanding how past peoples differentiated themselves on the basis of gender, age, or group affiliation. The Early Neolithic in Italy developed throughout the entire sixth millennium cal. BC, during which the first farming communities settled in the Italian peninsula and islands, with diverse Neolithic groups related to wider-ranging cultural spheres. Early Neolithic ornaments were mainly ring bracelets, manufactured beads and perforated shells or teeth. Through their choice and the raw materials used for their production, individuals and groups emphasized their diverse identities based on shared traditions. Focusing on some of the more significant sites, this article considers similarities and differences in forms and raw materials employed for ornaments by different Early Neolithic groups and how these could have been useful attributes to emphasise identities and in particular the membership of particular social or cultural groups.

Pots on mats: mat-impressed salt-extraction pottery at Chalcolithic Provadia-Solnitsata, Bulgaria

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mila Andonova ◽  
Vassil Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Late Chalcolithic ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence for both basket weaving and salt production is often elusive in the prehistoric archaeological record. An assemblage of Middle–Late Chalcolithic pottery from Provadia-Solnitsata in Bulgaria provides insight into these two different technologies and the relationship between them. The authors analyse sherds from vessels used in large-scale salt production, the bases of which bear the impression of woven mats. This analysis reveals the possible raw materials used in mat weaving at Provadia-Solnitsata and allows interpretation of the role of these mats in salt production at the site. The results illustrate how it is possible to see the ‘invisible’ material culture of prehistoric south-eastern Europe and its importance for production and consumption.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

Removal of nitrogen in different wetland filter materials: use of stable nitrogen isotopes to determine factors controlling denitrification and DNRA

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Mørkved ◽  
A.K. Søvik ◽  
B. Kløve ◽  
L.R. Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
15N Tracer ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Initial Oxygen ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One

Laboratory incubations with varying O2 and NO3 concentrations were performed with a range of filter materials used in constructed wetlands (CWs). The study included material sampled from functioning CWs as well as raw materials subjected to laboratory pre-incubation. 15N-tracer techniques were used to assess the rates of denitrification versus dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and the relative role of nitrification versus denitrification in producing N2O. The N2O/(N2+N2O) product ratio was assessed for the different materials. Sand, shell sand, and peat sustained high rates of denitrification. Raw light-weight aggregates (LWA) had a very low rate, while in LWA sampled from a functioning CW, the rate was similar to the one found in the other materials. The N2O/(N2+N2O) ratio was very low for sand, shell sand and LWA from functioning CWs, but very high for raw LWA. The ratio was intermediate but variable for peat. The N2O produced by nitrification accounted for a significant percentage of the N2O accumulated during the incubation, but was dependent on the initial oxygen concentration. DNRA was significant only for shell sand taken from a functioning CW, suggesting that the establishment of active DNRA is a slower process than the establishment of a denitrifying flora.

Counting pots in Early Neolithic Greece

2004 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Yiouni
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Active Role ◽  
High Status ◽  
Regular Component ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
And Function

The present paper examines the quantity and function of the pottery found at the Greek Early Neolithic sites. Review of the quantitative, technological, typological, functional and contextual data suggest that Early Neolithic pottery was most probably a regular component of material culture. Thus, in contrast with the highly favoured hypothesis that Early Neolithic pots were used mainly for cult-related or socially related prospects, it is argued that pottery had, since this early period, a variety of functions. It is very probable that some vessels were used in ceremonies or were high-status objects. The majority of vessels, however, had an active role in daily life concerning the storage and transportation of supplies, the preparation of food (most probably excluding cooking) and the treatment of other raw materials.

The Characterization of Obsidian and its application to the Mediterranean Region

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 111-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Cann ◽  
Colin Renfrew
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Materials Used

Evidence of contact between cultural groups is of great importance to the study of prehistory. Although the development of absolute dating methods has decreased our dependence on the discovery of such contacts for chronology, they are essential material when the origin and spread of culture is being studied. In the past, cultural contacts have generally been demonstrated by typological similarities of artifacts, but unfortunately many typological comparisons are open to discussion, and it can be exceedingly difficult to be certain of direct contact by this means alone.The importance in this respect of the study of raw materials used in places far from their place of origin and presumably deliberately imported has long been realized. Recently more attention has been paid to the careful characterization of such materials; the detection, that is, of properties of the specimen under study which are characteristic of material from particular sources. By this means it is often possible to assign a source to a given specimen. The petrological identification of British neolithic stone axes is perhaps the most comprehensive archaeological characterization study yet undertaken. Demonstrations of trading links made by such methods, if based on a sure identification and a comprehensive survey of possible sources, are not open to the criticism and doubt which may be directed at typological similarities. The variety of techniques now available for the analysis and identification of materials makes this field a promising one for the archaeologist.

Determinants of Exports Behaviour of India’s Agro-processing Firms: Role of Technology, Imported Raw Materials and Logistics Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292098144
Author(s):  
Suresh Ramaiah ◽  
Gopal Krishna Roy
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Managerial Quality

Despite accounting for a sizeable share in the overall output and employment of the manufacturing sector, the export potential of India’s Agro-processing firms has received less attention. This article investigates the determinants of export propensity and intensity of relatively labour-intensive agro-processing firms in India with a focus on the role of technology adopted, the proportion of imported raw materials used and status of the logistics infrastructure at the location of the firm. The article makes use of the CMIE-PROWESS dataset to obtain a cross-section of agro-processing firms for the year 2016–2017 and the Logistic Ease Across Different States (LEADS) database. The empirical strategy involves the Heckman two-step process to address the sample selection bias originating in modelling export behaviour. The article finds that the likelihood of an agro-processing firm to enter the exporting market increases with an increase in technology enhancing investment in terms of expenditure on research and development and import of capital goods. Moreover, a better level of logistics infrastructure enhances the likelihood of exporting. The likelihood of a firm to export also increases with the increase in the use of imported raw materials, firm size, age and superior managerial quality. However, the paper finds only the expenditure on imported capital goods and imported raw materials to be positively and significantly associated with the export intensity of the exporting firms.

scholarly journals Architectural Ruins: Geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

Abstract Ruins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of seventeenth-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito – the building elements and materials – speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

scholarly journals The effect of shaft diameter on the surface quality in turning machine for different sets of cutting parameter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Abdullah Al-Mahrouqi ◽  
Adeel H. Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Shaft Diameter ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Materials Used

In the manufacturing industry, machining is the process which has been used widely within the industry for carrying out various operations. By putting the materials together, mechanical parts can be formed with the help of raw materials change and these mechanical parts used in the formation of heavy and small machineries for the personal used and for the industrial use as well. Most of the metals are being manufactured with the help of machining. In the process of turning, the cutting parameters gained the opportunity to increase productivity. However, there also exists a consequence regarding the quality and deterioration risk and the life of the tool which need to be controlled to achieve greater efficiencies. The selection of parameters is based on the materials used in workpiece, tools, and other stuff. Additionally, the size of the tool matters as well, therefore it should also be selected carefully by keeping in mind the need of the machine and capability of the users regarding managing that machine. Many factors could affect the machining performance and during turning process, workpiece diameter could be one of these factors which affect the surface quality. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of shaft diameter on the surface quality in Lathe turning machine. Taguchi method and Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis and to optimize the cutting parameters with several experimental runs well designed. The result shows the shaft diameter effect quality of workpiece surface and the researchers should take into account this effect during their study and compare it with other researcher results.

scholarly journals Analisis Biaya Produksi Dalam Meningkatkan Profitabilitas Perusahaan

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Lukman Hidayat ◽  
Suhandi Halim
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Regular Work

Production cost is important in determining selling price and as a basis for management decision making to decide whether products manufacturing will be continued or discontinued. In addition, production cost has influence on firm’s profitability level; the smaller production cost, it will be inversely in proportion to its profitability. The purpose of this study is to see how far the role of production cost affects profitability. By making some adjustments in production cost such as making efficiency, total number of the company’s profitability can be increased compared to production cost which is still high. The research done at PT Sakti Kandakawana, located in Bogor. The result shows that PT Sakti Kandakawana is still be able to improve profitability by making some corrections on productionn cost. The assumption is the same number of selling will get higher profitability if it’s used lower production cost. Due to ineffective cost decreases more and more, the company has fund by efficiency without affecting products quality.  Based on the evaluation, it shows that the production cost applied so far is still wasteful caused by raw materials used are expensive. In addition, it appears that cost for overtime work is not effective campare to cost for regular work. Thereby, when more efficient production cost is determined, the company’s profitability can be increased.   Keywords:Production Cost; Company’s Profitability

scholarly journals Architectural Ruins: A geocultural essay on the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

Abstract Ruins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of seventeenth-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its construction history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito – the building elements and materials – speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases of its construction. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it met its inhabitants’ needs for shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic essays rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

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