Qualitative and Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Copper for Sintering Process Optimization in Additive Manufacturing Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
J. Ott ◽  
A. Burghardt ◽  
D. Britz ◽  
S. Majauskaite ◽  
F. Mücklich
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Powder Injection Moulding ◽  
Systematic Optimization ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract This work will present possibilities for the characterization of copper powder green bodies and sintered copper microstructures during pressureless sintering. The introduction of new parameters to microstructural characterization based on qualitative and quantitative microstructural analysis will facilitate the systematic optimization of the sintering process. As a result of the specific evaluation of the microstructure evolution, conventional isothermal sintering could be successfully replaced by multi-step temperature profiles, thus achieving sintering densities of more than 99 % by simultaneously reducing process time. This systematic optimization of the sintering process of Cu through specific microstructural analysis may now be applied to sinter-based manufacturing technologies such as Binder Jetting and Metal Powder Injection Moulding, enabling the manufacture of complex and highly conductive Cu parts for applications in electronics.

Influence of Binders on the Structure and Properties of High Speed-Steel HS6-5-2 Type Fabricated Using Pressureless Forming and PIM Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 693-696
Author(s):  
G. Matula ◽  
Leszek Adam Dobrzański ◽  
Gemma Herranz ◽  
A. Várez ◽  
B. Levenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Powder Injection Moulding

Based on the comparison of structures and properties of the HS6-5-2 high speed steels made with the powder injection moulding method, pressureless forming, compacting and sintering, and commercial steels made with the ASEA-STORA method, fine carbides spread evenly in the steel matrix were found in the structure of all tested high-speed steels in the sintered state. The use of a nitrogen atmosphere in the sintering process, causes the formation of fine, spherical MX type carbonitrides, stable in high sintering and austenitizing temperatures. The steels made with the pressureless forming method are characteristic of the lowest sintering temperature and the highest density, resulting from the high carbon concentration coming from the binding agent degradation. Moreover, the higher carbon concentration causes an increase in the retained austenite portion and a lower hardness after quenching and tempering. The heat-treated injection moulded steel attains hardness comparable to the commercial ASP23 type one, demonstrating the well-founded reasons for using the powder-injection moulding method for manufacturing the high-speed steel. The powder-injection moulding makes manufacturing tools possible with their final shape, i.e., leaving out the plastic forming and machining which is necessary for instance in case of the ASP 23 type steel. Furthermore, the degradation and sintering process time of the injection moulded steels is approximately 10h shorter than for steels made with pressureless moulding, which is due to the use of a two-component binding agent.

scholarly journals An Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy in the Focus of Metallography

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-31
Author(s):  
C. Fleißner-Rieger ◽  
T. Pogrielz ◽  
D. Obersteiner ◽  
T. Pfeifer ◽  
H. Clemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Metallographic Preparation ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Specific Material

Abstract Additive manufacturing processes allow the production of geometrically complex lightweight structures with specific material properties. However, by contrast with ingot metallurgy methods, the manufacture of components using this process also brings about some challenges. In the field of microstructural characterization, where mostly very fine structures are analyzed, it is thus indispensable to optimize the classic sample preparation process and to furthermore implement additional preparation steps. This work focuses on the metallography of additively manufactured Ti‑6Al‑4V components produced in a selective laser melting process. It offers a guideline for the metallographic preparation along the process chain of additive manufacturing from the metal powder characterization to the macro- and microstructural analysis of the laser melted sample. Apart from developing preparation parameters, selected etching methods were examined with regard to their practicality.

scholarly journals Selection of appropriate polyoxymethylene based binder for feedstock material used in powder injection moulding

2015 ◽  
Vol 602 ◽  
pp. 012001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gonzalez-Gutierrez ◽  
G B Stringari ◽  
Z M Megen ◽  
P Oblak ◽  
B S von Bernstorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Powder Injection Moulding ◽  
Feedstock Material ◽  
Selection Of

Microstructural Characterization of Chip Segmentation Under Different Machining Environments in Orthogonal Machining of Ti6Al4V

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashikant Joshi ◽  
Asim Tewari ◽  
Suhas S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Band Formation ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Values

Segmented chips are known to form in machining of titanium alloys due to localization of heat in the shear zone, which is a function of machining environment. To investigate the correlation between machining environments and microstructural aspects of chip segmentation, orthogonal turning experiments were performed under three machining environments, viz., room, LN2, and 260 °C. Scanning electron and optical microscopy of chip roots show that the mechanism of chip segment formation changes from plastic strain and mode II fracture at room temperature, to predominant mode I fracture at LN2 and plastic strain leading to shear band formation at 260 °C. The chip segment pitch and shear plane length predicted using Deform™ matched well with the experimental values at room temperature. The microstructural analysis of chips show that higher shear localization occurs at room temperature than the other two temperatures. The depth of machining affected zone (MAZ) on work surfaces was lower at the two temperatures than that of at the room temperature at a higher cutting speed of 91.8 m/min.

scholarly journals Mixing and rheological behavior of HAp-ZrO2 powder injection moulding feedstock

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istikamah Subuki ◽  
Nurul Jannah Abd Latiff ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Zro2 Powder ◽  
Powder Injection Moulding
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