Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with neodymium chloride tripentanolate/triisobutylaluminum binary catalyst system: effect of aging time and reaction temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Enríquez-Medrano ◽  
Luis Alexandro Valencia López ◽  
Yair Agustín de Santiago-Rodríguez ◽  
Florentino Soriano Corral ◽  
Hened Saade Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Neodymium Chloride ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Binary Catalyst

Abstract 1,3-Butadiene monomer was polymerized at 40°C and 60°C by means of a catalyst comprising neodymium (Nd) chloride/1-pentanolate/triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) in cyclohexane as solvent; the catalyst system was aged at 5 and 30 min. The effects on conversion, catalytic activity and polymer final properties were evaluated. The obtained polybutadienes (PBs) were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques and the results were discussed in terms of the effect of aging time and reaction temperature.

Monitoring the chemical heterogeneity of metallocenecatalysed copolymers of ethylene and higher 1-olefins using CRYSTAF and SEC-FTIR

e-Polymers ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven M. Graef ◽  
Robert Brüll ◽  
Harald Pasch ◽  
Udo M. Wahner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallisation Temperature ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Abstract Copolymers of ethylene with 1-decene, 1-tetradecene and 1-octadecene were prepared using the catalyst system racEt[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO and were analysed with regard to chemical heterogeneity using crystallisation analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and size exclusion chromatography coupled to FTIR (SEC-FTIR). The melting and crystallisation temperatures from DSC decrease linearly with increasing amount of comonomer, independently of the nature thereof. The decrease in crystallisation temperature from CRYSTAF of copolymers with higher 1-olefin content indicates a small dependence on the length of the side chain. The chemical heterogeneity of the copolymers as analysed by DSC and CRYSTAF broadens with increasing comonomer concentration.

Synthesis and properties of a spinnable phase change material CDA-IPDI-MPEG

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiliang Cheng ◽  
Yanmo Chen ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Meifang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Dibutyltin Dilaurate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Change Material

AbstractA comb like phase change material (PCM) CDA-IPDI-MPEG, based on cellulose diacetate (CDA) as a backbone, with methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) grafted onto it, was synthesized by a two-step reaction in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) catalyst system, using acetone as solvent and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as crosslinking reagent. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to characterize the molecular weight distribution of each step reaction products. Back titration was utilized for determination of free isocyanate. The molecular structures were confirmed qualitatively using FTIR and H1-NMR measurements. Phase change properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

scholarly journals Αυτοοργάνωση αμφίφιλων συμπολυμερών σε εκλεκτικούς διαλύτες

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαργαρίτα Δρούλια
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Στην παρούσα Διδακτορική διατριβή συντέθηκαν επιτυχώς δισυσταδικά συμπολυμερή πολυαιθυλενοξειδίου-b-πολυ(μεθακρυλικού φερροκενυλοκαρβοξυ-2-αιθυλεστέρα) (PEO-b-PMAEFc), δισυσταδικά συμπολυμερή πολυαιθυλενοξειδίου-b-πολυ(μεθακρυλικού βενζυλεστέρα) (PEO-b-PBnMA) και τέλος τρισυσταδικά συμπολυμερή πολυ(μεθακρυλικού βενζυλεστέρα)-b-πολυαιθυλενοξειδίου-b-πολυ(μεθακρυλικού βενζυλεστέρα) (PBnMA-b-PEO-b- PBnMA) μέσω ριζικού πολυμερισμού μεταφοράς ατόμου (Atom Tranfer Radical Polymerization, ATRP).Τα παραπάνω συμπολυμερή χαρακτηρίστηκαν με Χρωματογραφία Αποκλεισμού Μεγεθών (Size Exclusion Chromatography, SEC) και Φασματοσκοπία Πυρηνικού Μαγνητικού Συντονισμού (Nuclear Magnetic Resonanse, 1H-NMR). Έτσι προσδιορίστηκαν τα μέσα μοριακά βάρη, η κατανομή των μοριακών βαρών και η σύσταση των συμπολυμερών. Μέσω της Θερμοσταθμικής Ανάλυσης (Thermogravimetric Analysis, TGA) και της Διαφορικής θερμιδομετρίας Σάρωσης (Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC) μελετήθηκε η θερμική τους αποικοδόμηση και προσδιορίστηκαν οι θερμοκρασίες υαλώδους μετάπτωσης και οι θερμοκρασίες τήξης των δισυσταδικών και τρισυσταδικών συμπολυμερών σε σχέση με τα αντίστοιχα ομοπολυμερή. Τέλος μελετήθηκε η αυτοοργάνωση των παραπάνω συμπολυμερών σε εκλεκτικούς διαλύτες (νερό και ακετονιτρίλιο) ως προς τη μια συστάδα (πολυαιθυλενοξείδιο) μέσω της δυναμικής σκέδασης φωτός και επιβεβαιώθηκε ο σχηματισμός μικκυλίων και μικκυλιακών συσσωματωμάτων. Ακολούθως προσδιορίστηκε η υδροδυναμική ακτίνα και ο συντελεστής άπειρης αραιώσης των παραπάνω μικκυλιακών δομών.

A study on the kinetics and thermal properties of polystyrene/diatomite nanocomposites prepared via in situ ATRP

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khezrollah Khezri ◽  
Yousef Fazli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Pristine mesoporous diatomite was employed to prepare polystyrene/diatomite composites. Diatomite platelets were used for in situ polymerization of styrene by atom transfer radical polymerization to synthesize tailor-made polystyrene nanocomposites. X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed for evaluating some inherent properties of pristine diatomite platelets. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm is applied to examine surface area and structural characteristics of the diatomite platelets. Evaluation of pore size distribution and morphological studies were also performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. Linear increase of ln ( M0/M) with time for all the samples shows that polymerization proceeds in a living manner. Addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite leads to an increase of conversion from 72% to 89%. Molecular weight of polystyrene chains increases from 11,326 g mol−1 to 14134 g mol−1 with the addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite; however, polydispersity index values increases from 1.13 to 1.38. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by TGA. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an increase in glass transition temperature from 81.9°C to 87.1°C by adding 3 wt% of mesoporous diatomite platelets.

Synthesis and characterisation of propene / higher 1-olefin copolymers with the catalyst system (CH3)2Si(2-methylbenz[e]indenyl)2ZrCl2/MAO

e-Polymers ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brüll ◽  
Nyambeni Luruli ◽  
Harald Pasch ◽  
Helgard G. Raubenheimer ◽  
E. Rotimi Sadiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Crystallization Behaviour ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melting And Crystallization Temperatures ◽  
Comonomer Content ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Abstract The melting and crystallization behaviour of random copolymers of propene with 1-butene, 1-pentene and 1-hexene synthesized with the catalyst system (CH3)2Si(2-methylbenz[e]indenyl)2ZrCl2/methylaluminoxane (MAO) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF). The melting and crystallization temperatures decreased linearly with increasing comonomer content. The depressions of the melting and crystallization temperatures are strongly dependent on the nature of the monomer and are more pronounced for copolymers of propene with 1-hexene than with 1-butene. In comparison to 1-hexene and 1-butene, the incorporation of 1-pentene leads to an intermediate behaviour. This is in contrast to the behaviour of copolymers of propene with longer chain 1-olefins, where the melting and crystallization temperatures are independent of the comonomer type. The depressant effects of the amount of comonomer incorporated on the melting and the crystallization temperatures are equal.

Combined Main- and Side-Chain Azobenzene Polyesters: A Potential For Photoinduced Nonlinear Waveguides

1999 ◽  
Vol 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sahlén ◽  
T. Geisler ◽  
S. Hvilsted ◽  
N. C. R. Holme ◽  
P. S. Ramanujam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Third Harmonic Generation ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nonlinear Waveguides ◽  
Third Harmonic ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Uv Visible

ABSTRACTNew combined main- and side-chain azobenzene polyesters, which exhibit an intensity dependent refractive index, have been prepared in order to optically fabricate nonlinear waveguides. Novel sulfone azobenzenes, a diester, (4-[[5-(ethoxycarbonyl)pentyl]sulfonyl]-4'-[[5-(ethoxycarbonyl)pentyl]methylamino] azobenzene, and a diol, 4-[[(8-hydroxy-7-methylhydroxy)-octyl]sulfonyl]-4'-N, N-dimethylamino azobenzene, have been used to prepare new polyesters by transesterification in the molten state. The polyesters have been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), third harmonic generation (THG) and optical anisotropy measurements. The molar masses of the polyesters were in the range of 5000-10000 g mol−1, which was sufficient in order to spin coat thin films. From THG measurements the polymers are shown to possess an offresonance electronic X(3) of the order 10−12 esu corresponding to a nonlinear refractive index of 2.3×10−14 cm2/W.

scholarly journals Towards Novel Fluorinated Methacrylic Coatings for Cultural Heritage: A Combined Polymers and Surfaces Chemistry Study

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Sabatini ◽  
Eleonora Pargoletti ◽  
Valeria Comite ◽  
Marco Aldo Ortenzi ◽  
Paola Fermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Coated Materials ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

In this work, new co- and ter-polymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), and N-butyl methacrylate (nBuMA), containing just 1% mol × mol−1 of a fluorinated co-monomer, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-octyl methacrylate (POMA), were synthesized. After an UV accelerated aging test, the photo-chemical stability of the polymers prepared was determined by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and wettability measurements. The polymers were applied to Botticino tiles to achieve better performances in terms of water repellency and consequently deterioration resistance. One-year prolonged exposure to a real environment was conducted and the properties of the coated materials and their performances were studied using different surface techniques such as water contact angle (WCA) and colorimetric measurements (CIELaB), capillary absorption, permeability (RVP) tests and soluble salts determination. The effectiveness of the fluorinated methacrylic coatings was clearly demonstrated; among all the resins, the co-polymer MMA_POMA seems to be the most performing one. Furthermore, both the UV photo-chemical resistance and the easiness of removal was successfully studied.

INTRODUCTION OF A DOUBLE BOND CONTAINING MODIFIER ON THE SURFACE OF MCM-41 NANOPARTICLES: APPLICATION FOR SR&NI ATRP OF STYRENE

NANO ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450023 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHEZROLLAH KHEZRI ◽  
VAHID HADDADI-ASL ◽  
HOSSEIN ROGHANI-MAMAQANI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Mcm 41

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) surface was functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS). Then, the resultant double bond containing nanoparticles were used in grafting through simultaneous reverse and normal initiation technique for atom transfer radical polymerization (SR&NI ATRP) of styrene to synthesize well-defined polystyrene nanocomposites with twofold chains. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to evaluate characteristics of spherical MCM-41 nanoparticles. Morphological studies were also performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion chromatography respectively. Addition of MCM-41 nanoparticles by 3 wt.% results in a decrease of conversion from 93% to 82%. Molecular weight of the free and attached polystyrene chains decreases by adding 3 wt.% MCM-41 nanoparticles; however, PDI values increases from 1.27 to 1.78 for free chains and 1.87 to 2.48 for attached chains. A peak around 4.1 ppm which originates from hydrogen atom of terminal units of polystyrene chains in proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in combination with low PDI values can appropriately demonstrate the living nature of the polymerization. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by Thermogravimetric analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry also shows a decrease in glass transition temperature by increasing MCM-41 nanoparticles.

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