scholarly journals Individual differences in visual and auditory processing of emotional material

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zagórska ◽  
Małgorzata Fajkowska
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractPresented studies investigated the specificity of visual and auditory modalities in attentional processing of emotion, and its association with temperamental dimensions and trait-like attentional control (AC). During preliminary study 30 participants were presented with the paper-pencil visual search task (Emotional Faces Attentional Test) and emotional prosody detection tasks (Emotional Prosody Test). Results revealed visual happiness superiority and auditory sadness superiority. During the main study, in addition to attentional performance, 51 subjects were administrated two questionnaires: EPQ-R and Attentional Control Scale. Introducing individual differences into analysis limited the general pattern of modality distinctiveness in attentional processing of emotional stimuli obtained in the preliminary study. Findings for all personality traits studied separately showed that Extraversion and low Neuroticism were associated with the visual sadness superiority. Whereas interactional analysis indicated effective visual threat processing in extraverts with good AC and effective friendly prosody detection when Neuroticism and AC remain in inverse relationship. Hence, we have found that processing emotional targets in both modalities is associated with temperament dimensions and their interactions with attentional control. Additionally, findings from both studies suggest that general psychological laws might be challenged by individual differences.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Fajkowska ◽  
Douglas Derryberry
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Attentional Skills ◽  
Preliminary Study

Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample The presented study was focused primarily on a psychometric analysis of the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), but they also enhanced the understanding of the role of effortful attentional skills in determining the individual well-being, general adaptation or emotional disorders. The analyses included basic item and scale descriptions as well as convergent and discriminant validity. 218 Polish undergraduate students completed the battery of the self-report techniques and two paper —pencil attentional tests. Data revealed a unidimensional of a 20-item ACS. It can be used validly to assess long-term individual differences in attentional skills related to the voluntary executive functions. The analysis of content, internal and construct validity as well as reliability provided evidence of the scale's significant convergent and discriminant validity when correlated with attentional tests and other personality techniques. We found strong, systematic relations between the attentional control and selected measures of temperament, arousal, emotionality, and motivation. The results allow assuming that good attentional control, may protect individuals from the emotional disorders by regulating perceptual, conceptual, and response processing.

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

Visual disgust-elicitors produce an attentional blink independent of contextual and trait-level pathogen avoidance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Perone ◽  
David Vaughn Becker ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance

Multiple studies report that disgust-eliciting stimuli are perceived as salient and subsequently capture selective attention. In the current study, we aimed to better understand the nature of temporal attentional biases toward disgust-eliciting stimuli and to investigate the extent to which these biases are sensitive to contextual and trait-level pathogen avoidance motives. Participants (N=116) performed in an Emotional Attentional Blink (EAB) task in which task-irrelevant disgust-eliciting, fear-eliciting, or neutral images preceded a target by 200, 500, or 800 milliseconds (i.e., lag two, five and eight respectively). They did so twice - once while not exposed to an odor, and once while exposed to either an odor that elicited disgust or an odor that did not - and completed a measure of disgust sensitivity. Results indicate that disgust-eliciting visual stimuli produced a greater attentional blink than neutral visual stimuli at lag two and a greater attentional blink than fear-eliciting visual stimuli at both lag two and at lag five. Neither the odor manipulations nor individual differences measures moderated this effect. We propose that visual attention is engaged for a longer period of time following disgust-eliciting stimuli because covert processes automatically initiate the evaluation of pathogen threats. The fact that state and trait pathogen avoidance do not influence this temporal attentional bias suggests that early attentional processing of pathogen cues is initiated independent from the context in which such cues are perceived.

scholarly journals Auditory Processing Disorders in Elderly Persons vs. Linguistic and Emotional Prosody

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6427
Author(s):  
Anna Rasmus ◽  
Aleksandra Błachnio
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorders ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Central Processing

Background: Language communication, which is one of the basic forms of building and maintaining interpersonal relationships, deteriorates in elder age. One of the probable causes is a decline in auditory functioning, including auditory central processing. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the profile of central auditory processing disorders in the elderly as well as the relationship between these disorders and the perception of emotional and linguistic prosody. Methods: The Right Hemisphere Language Battery (RHLB-PL), and the Brain-Boy Universal Professional (BUP) were used. Results: There are statistically significant relationships between emotional prosody and: spatial hearing (r(18) = 0.46, p = 0.04); the time of the reaction (r(18) = 0.49, p = 0.03); recognizing the frequency pattern (r(18) = 0.49, p = 0.03 (4); and recognizing the duration pattern (r(18) = 0.45, p = 0.05. There are statistically significant correlations between linguistic prosody and: pitch discrimination (r(18) = 0.5, p = 0.02); recognition of the frequency pattern (r(18) = 0.55, p = 0.01); recognition of the temporal pattern; and emotional prosody (r(18) = 0.58, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The analysis of the disturbed components of auditory central processing among the tested samples showed a reduction in the functions related to frequency differentiation, the recognition of the temporal pattern, the process of discriminating between important sounds, and the speed of reaction. De-automation of the basic functions of auditory central processing, which we observe in older age, lowers the perception of both emotional and linguistic prosody, thus reducing the quality of communication in older people.

Is there a bias in spatial maze judgment bias tests? Individual differences in subjects’ novelty response can affect test results

2021 ◽  
pp. 113262
Author(s):  
Veridiana Jardim ◽  
Aurélie Verjat ◽  
Christophe Féron ◽  
Nicolas Châline ◽  
Heiko G. Rödel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Novelty Response

An Opinion on the Assessment of People Who May Have an Auditory Processing Disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 097-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Dillon ◽  
Sharon Cameron ◽  
Helen Glyde ◽  
Wayne Wilson ◽  
Dani Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Clinical Efficiency ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
The Individual

We need to rethink how we assess auditory processing disorder (APD). The current use of test batteries, while necessary and well accepted, is at risk of failing as the size of these batteries increases. To counter the statistical, fatigue, and clinical efficiency problems of large test batteries, we propose a hierarchical approach to APD assessment. This begins with an overall test of listening difficulty in which performance is measurably affected for anyone with an impaired ability to understand speech in difficult listening conditions. It proceeds with a master test battery containing a small number of single tests, each of which assesses a different group of skills necessary for understanding speech in difficult listening conditions. It ends with a detailed test battery, where the individual tests administered from this battery are only those that differentiate the skills assessed by the failed test(s) from the master test battery, so that the specific form of APD can be diagnosed. An example of how hierarchical interpretation of test results could be performed is illustrated using the Listening in Spatialized Noise—Sentences test (LiSN-S). Although consideration of what abilities fall within the realm of auditory processing should remain an important issue for research, we argue that patients will be best served by focusing on whether they have difficulty understanding speech, identifying the specific characteristics of this difficulty, and specifically remediating and/or managing those characteristics.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Tendency to See the Expected

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Andermane ◽  
Jenny Bosten ◽  
Anil Seth ◽  
Jamie Ward
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Perceptual Anomalies ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Attentional Mechanism

Prior knowledge has been shown to facilitate the incorporation of visual stimuli into awareness. We adopted an individual differences approach to explore whether a tendency to ‘see the expected’ is general or method-specific. We administered a binocular rivalry task and manipulated selective attention, as well as induced expectations via predictive context, self-generated imagery, expectancy cues, and perceptual priming. Most prior manipulations led to a facilitated awareness of the biased percept in binocular rivalry, whereas strong signal primes led to a suppressed awareness, i.e., adaptation. Correlations and factor analysis revealed that the facilitatory effect of priors on visual awareness is closely related to attentional control. We also investigated whether expectation-based biases predict perceptual abilities. Adaptation to strong primes predicted improved naturalistic change detection and the facilitatory effect of weak primes predicted the experience of perceptual anomalies. Taken together, our results indicate that the facilitatory effect of priors may be underpinned by an attentional mechanism but the tendency to ‘see the expected’ is method-specific.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on the Physical Properties of an Alternative Coarse Aggregate Made with Red Soil and Fly Ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. Bright Brabin Winsley ◽  
M. Muthukannan
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Background and Objective: The demand for course aggregate is increasing every day. Natural aggregate used for ordinary concrete is obtained by quarrying, which cause serious environmental issues. An alternate course aggregate is needed for sustainable development. The objective of this research is to produce an alternative course aggregate in combination with soil available locally near site along with fly ash, to test its properties to make it fit for concrete. Method: An alternative coarse aggregate is produced from red soil and fly ash mixed at various ratios, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, fresh aggregate granules of different sizes less than 10mm is prepared using hand press, the aggregates were sundried in shade for 24hours, oven dried at 110°C, burned in Muffle furnace at temperature of 950°C and cooled gradually to reach room temperature. After the production, the specific gravity, bulk density, water absorption, Impact and aggregate crushing of the aggregates were tested. Result: Test results showed that aggregates produced are of lesser specific gravity, density with relatively appreciable impact value and crushing value. Conclusion: The test results show that the aggregates produced can be used in construction as replacement for natural aggregates.

scholarly journals Rapid orienting of spatial attention toward and away from aggressive voices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Burra ◽  
Dirk Kerzel ◽  
David Munoz ◽  
Didier Grandjean ◽  
Leonardo Ceravolo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Auditory Spatial Attention ◽  
Vocal Signals

Salient vocalizations, especially aggressive voices, are believed to attract attention due to an automatic threat detection system. However, studies assessing the temporal dynamics of auditory spatial attention to aggressive voices are missing. Using event-related potential markers of auditory spatial attention (N2ac and LPCpc), we show that attentional processing of threatening vocal signals is enhanced at two different stages of auditory processing. As early as 200 ms post stimulus onset, attentional orienting/engagement is enhanced for threatening as compared to happy vocal signals. Subsequently, as early as 400 ms post stimulus onset, the reorienting of auditory attention to the center of the screen (or disengagement from the target) is enhanced. This latter effect is consistent with the need to optimize perception by balancing the intake of stimulation from left and right auditory space. Our results extend the scope of theories from the visual to the auditory modality by showing that threatening stimuli also bias early spatial attention in the auditory modality. Although not the focus of the present work, we observed that the attentional enhancement was more pronounced in female than male participants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document