scholarly journals Politeness in Hittite state correspondence: Address and self-presentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojca Cajnko
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Symmetric Relations

AbstractIn this paper deferential and strategic or face-based politeness are distinguished (Jucker 2010). The distinction seems to be crucial for a proper understanding of the use of address and self-presentation terms and the address formula in Hittite state correspondence. Namely, the corpus of 80 letters written between c. 1450 and 1190 B.C. shows that the appropriate use of politeness largely reflects the writer’s awareness of his place in society, as well as his desire to behave in conformity with culturally expected forms of behavior. Examples of deferential politeness are thus influenced by the relative and absolute social status of communication participants as well as general and socially expected concern for the addressee’s face. Examples of real strategic politeness may be observed in symmetric relations where the writer is trying to minimalize a potentially face-threatening act and in some letters to the Hittite king.

scholarly journals ADDRESSING STRATEGIES IN THE TEXTS OF SHEVCHENKO-STORYTELLER

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Valeriia Smilanska
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Narrative Description

The paper considers the metanarrative (exegetical) and metanarrative (exegetical) and metafictional (diegetical) aspects of a work, the ways of the author’s contacts with the reader/listener. The nature of addressing may be direct, which implies the explicit addressee, and hidden, designed for the implicit addressee. The latter is present as an ideal recipient who perceives the aesthetic mode of the work. The strategy of intimate connection with the reader is based on the ascending evaluative direction, while the descending one serves as a basis for the discrediting strategy, realized in a number of communicative tactics, used by the narrators-addressers. The images of the narrator and storytellers perform different functions (hero, character-witness); the narrative composition of each story is not repeated in other works, gradually becoming more complicated. The author uses various compositional and verbal forms: in addition to a consistent story and narrative, description and reflection, he involves the forms of inserted narrative, epistolary text, and even a full-length story of an eyewitness. Tactics of oral communication and its constitutive stylistic features are presented by D. Barannyk as Shevchenko’s version of Ukrainian oral narrative, open to the addressee, and as a means of involving the reader in the imaginary world of a work. The term ‘self-presentation’ as an action of informing the addressee about the narrator’s occupation and his social status in order to establish contact differs from ‘self-thematization’ which is an intimate self-characterization of the narrator, addressed to a friendly reader/listener. The latter also includes the digressive reflections of the narrator on moralistic, sociological, historical, artistic topics, which reveal his mentality.

scholarly journals HOW DUTERTE STATES HIS VIEW ON THE PHILIPPINES AND OTHER COUNTRIES RELATION: A DISCURSIVE STRATEGY ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Author(s):  
Andifa Chaerunnisa ◽  
Haru Deliana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Strategy Analysis ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Discursive Strategy

Different types of social or cultural background, combined with a region or social status, go into the making of spoken or written discourse. One of the interesting spoken discourses to discuss is political interview. It often reveals the intention of political leaders’ way of speaking. While there are those who are subtle in their way of talking, there are also a few who do not, one of whom is the Philippines’ president, Rodrigo Roa Duterte. Known for his outspoken personality, he often states controversial things that influence his country and derive critics from various places. Using van Dijk’s (2004) framework, this study analyzes the macro and micro discursive strategies used by Duterte in delivering his views on other countries’ relations with the Philippines based on his most-watched English interview with Russia Today. The findings revealed that the macro strategies used by Duterte are positive self-presentation, negative other-presentation, and outside polarization. Meanwhile, the mostly micro discursive strategies used are implication, lexicalization, and example/illustration.

Professionals of Paideia?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Status Recognition ◽  
Public Demonstration ◽  
Modern Sense

This chapter analyzes to what extent public speaking as a sophist can be defined as a profession. While a number of aspects seem to point in this direction (the importance of hard work and good craftsmanship, the acceptance of wages, and the establishment of endowed chairs of rhetoric), other aspects show that sophists were not professionals in our modern sense of the term: their performances were, above all, a public demonstration of social status; recognition by their peers was a key feature of their encounters with each other. The interpretation of an anecdote about the sophist Hippodromus, his encounter with his colleague Megistias, and his physiognomy in Philostratus’s Lives of the Sophists demonstrates that the sophistic performance of status was seen as an expression of natural superiority and should be understood as a typical example of self-presentation by the Greek elite in the Roman Empire.

scholarly journals Examining the Effect of Reviewer Socioeconomic Status Disclosure on Customers' Purchase Intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Yuming Liu ◽  
Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Status Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Status Disclosure

Image reviews can directly indicate socioeconomic status (SES) of reviewers, which is completely different from text reviews. However, image reviews are under the way to be deeply explored the effect of reviewers' SES disclosures on customer purchase intention. This research uses experimental method to examine social status effect of reviewers in different consumption settings and the underlying mechanism. The findings demonstrate that SES disclosure of reviewers has a significant influence on customers' purchase intentions, indicating that participants have higher purchase intention when they perceive that the products are recommended by high SES reviewers than by low SES reviewers. However, the social status effect occurs when the product is consumed in public but does not occur when the product is consumed in private. This research also finds that participants with high self-presentation concerns would be significantly influenced by reviewers' SES when a product is consumed in public, but participants with low self-presentation concern would not be influenced.

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

Adolescent Voice Quality Aberrations: Personality and Social Status

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Muma ◽  
Ronald L. Laeder ◽  
Clarence E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peer Evaluations ◽  
Adolescent Voice

Seventy-eight subjects, identified as possessing voice quality aberrations for six months, constituted four experimental groups: breathiness, harshness, hoarseness, and nasality. A control group included 38 subjects. The four experimental groups were compared with the control group according to personality characteristics and peer evaluations. The results of these comparisons indicated that there was no relationship between voice quality aberration and either personality characteristics or peer evaluations.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

MMPI-2 in Child Custody Litigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Roma ◽  
Federica Ricci ◽  
Georgios D. Kotzalidis ◽  
Luigi Abbate ◽  
Anna Lubrano Lavadera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Custody Evaluations ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Forensic Assessments ◽  
Child Custody Evaluations ◽  
Italian Women

In recent years, several studies have addressed the issue of positive self-presentation bias in assessing parents involved in postdivorce child custody litigations. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is widely used in forensic assessments and is able to evaluate positive self-presentation through its Superlative Self-Presentation S scale. We investigated the existence of a gender effect on positive self-presentation bias in an Italian sample of parents involved in court evaluation. Participants were 391 divorced parents who completed the full 567-item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 during child custody evaluations ordered by several Italian courts between 2006 and 2010. Our analysis considered the S scale along with the basic clinical scales. North-American studies had shown no gender differences in child custody litigations. Differently, our results showed a significantly higher tendency toward “faking-good” profiles on the MMPI-2 among Italian women as compared to men and as compared to the normative Italian female population. Cultural and social factors could account for these differences.

The Effects of Status on Perceived Warmth and Competence

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
Simona Sacchi ◽  
Federica Castellini ◽  
Paola Riva
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Group Status ◽  
The Relationship

Research has shown that perceived group status positively predicts competence stereotypes but does not positively predict warmth stereotypes. The present study identified circumstances in which group status positively predicts both warmth and competence judgments. Students (N = 86) rated one of two groups (psychologists vs. engineers) presented as either being low or high in social status on warmth and competence. Results showed that status positively predicted competence stereotypes for both groups, but warmth stereotypes only for psychologists, for whom warmth traits are perceived to be functional in goal achievement. Moreover, for psychologists perceived warmth mediated the relationship between status and perceived competence. Results are discussed in terms of the contextual malleability of the relationship between perceived status, warmth, and competence.

Applicants’ Self-Presentational Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Jansen ◽  
Cornelius J. König ◽  
Eveline H. Stadelmann ◽  
Martin Kleinmann
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Randomized Response Technique ◽  
Randomized Response ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Actual Use

This study contributes to the literature on self-presentation by comparing recruiters’ expectations about applicants’ self-presentational behaviors in personnel selection settings to applicants’ actual use of these behaviors. Recruiters (N = 51) rated the perceived appropriateness of 24 self-presentational behaviors. In addition, the prevalence of these behaviors was separately assessed in two subsamples of applicants (N1 = 416 and N2 = 88) with the randomized response technique. In line with the script concept, the results revealed that recruiters similarly evaluated the appropriateness of specific self-presentational behaviors and that applicants’ general use of these behaviors corresponded to recruiters’ shared expectations. The findings indicate that applicants who use strategic self-presentational behaviors may just be trying to fulfill situational requirements.

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