“We” in the EU: (De) legitimizing power relations and status

The article analyzes how the leaders and the candidates of the main parties in Romania built a European field of power and subject positions in the context of the 2019 European elections. We adopt the premise that the (re) positioning of these politicians towards the EU is part of their ongoing strategies of (de) legitimization. In this respect, the study focuses on how they assign themselves a “European authority” in relation to audiences through their positioning as actors in the field. On the basis of a mainly critically discursive methodological framework, we analyze a corpus consisting of electoral messages on Facebook. The research reveals the ways in which the political actors build claims, representations and positionings about the EU through naturalizing (a) symmetric relations, statuses, and symbolic power hierarchies.

Inequalities for Laplacian Eigenvalues of Signed Graphs with Given Frustration Number

Balanced signed graphs appear in the context of social groups with symmetric relations between individuals where a positive edge represents friendship and a negative edge represents enmities between the individuals. The frustration number f of a signed graph is the size of the minimal set F of vertices whose removal results in a balanced signed graph; hence, a connected signed graph G˙ is balanced if and only if f=0. In this paper, we consider the balance of G˙ via the relationships between the frustration number and eigenvalues of the symmetric Laplacian matrix associated with G˙. It is known that a signed graph is balanced if and only if its least Laplacian eigenvalue μn is zero. We consider the inequalities that involve certain Laplacian eigenvalues, the frustration number f and some related invariants such as the cut size of F and its average vertex degree. In particular, we consider the interplay between μn and f.

On a Riemann–Hilbert problem for the NLS-MB equations

In this paper, we study a coupled system of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and the Maxwell–Bloch (MB) equation with nonzero boundary conditions by Riemann–Hilbert (RH) method. We obtain the formulae of the simple-pole and the multi-pole solutions via a matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP). The explicit form of the soliton solutions for the NLS-MB equations is obtained. The soliton interaction is also given. Furthermore, we show that the multi-pole solutions can be viewed as some proper limits of the soliton solutions with simple poles, and the multi-pole solutions constitute a novel analytical viewpoint in nonlinear complex phenomena. The advantage of this way is that it avoids solving the complex symmetric relations and repeatedly solving residue conditions.

Self-Attention Network for Human Pose Estimation

Estimating the positions of human joints from monocular single RGB images has been a challenging task in recent years. Despite great progress in human pose estimation with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a central problem still exists: the relationships and constraints, such as symmetric relations of human structures, are not well exploited in previous CNN-based methods. Considering the effectiveness of combining local and nonlocal consistencies, we propose an end-to-end self-attention network (SAN) to alleviate this issue. In SANs, attention-driven and long-range dependency modeling are adopted between joints to compensate for local content and mine details from all feature locations. To enable an SAN for both 2D and 3D pose estimations, we also design a compatible, effective and general joint learning framework to mix up the usage of different dimension data. We evaluate the proposed network on challenging benchmark datasets. The experimental results show that our method has significantly achieved competitive results on Human3.6M, MPII and COCO datasets.

In Defence of a Reciprocal Turing Test

The traditional Turing test appeals to an interrogator's judgement to determine whether or not their interlocutor is an intelligent agent. This paper argues that this kind of asymmetric experimental set-up is inappropriate for tracking a property such as intelligence because intelligence is grounded in part by symmetric relations of recognition between agents. In place, it proposes a reciprocal test which takes into account the judgments of both interrogators and competitors to determine if an agent is intelligent. This form of social interaction better tracks both the evolution of natural intelligence and how the concept of intelligence is actually used within our society. This new test is defended against the criticisms that a proof of intelligence requires a demonstration of self-consciousness and that semantic externalism entails that a non-embodied Turing test is inadequate.

Determination of the Properties of (p, q)‐Sigmoid Polynomials and the Structure of Their Roots

Nowadays, many mathematicians have great concern about p q -numbers, which are various applications, and have studied these numbers in many different research areas. We know that p q -numbers are different to q -numbers because of the symmetric property. We find the addition theorem, recurrence formula, and p q -derivative about sigmoid polynomials including p q -numbers. Also, we derive the relevant symmetric relations between p q -sigmoid polynomials and p q -Euler polynomials. Moreover, we observe the structures of appreciative roots and fixed points about p q -sigmoid polynomials. By using the fixed points of p q -sigmoid polynomials and Newton’s algorithm, we show self-similarity and conjectures about p q -sigmoid polynomials.

Schur indices for reality-based algebras with two nonreal basis elements

This article discusses the representation theory of noncommutative algebras reality-based algebras with positive degree map over their field of definition. When the standard basis contains exactly two nonreal elements, the main result expresses the noncommutative simple component as a generalized quaternion algebra over its field of definition. The field of real numbers will always be a splitting field for this algebra, but there are noncommutative table algebras of dimension [Formula: see text] with rational field of definition for which it is a division algebra. The approach has other applications, one of which shows noncommutative association scheme of rank [Formula: see text] must have at least three symmetric relations.

Fundamentality and Non-Symmetric Relations

The first part of this chapter argues that there are no non-symmetric relations at the fundamental level. The second part identifies different ways in which asymmetry and order can be introduced into a world that only contains symmetric but no non-symmetric fundamental relations. The third part develops an account of derivative relations and puts forward identity criteria that establish that derivative non-symmetric relations do not have distinct converses. Instead of a plurality of relations, there are only different ways of picking out the same relation. The final part provides an account of how generative operations can induce order and argues for a reconceptualisation of grounding as an operation rather than as a relation.