Green analytical solutions for sample preparation: solid phase microextraction and related techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Gionfriddo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Green Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Chemistry Community

AbstractFor at least three decades, the analytical chemistry community is striving to apply the principles of Green Chemistry to the development of analytical methods. Many efforts have been made to outline the concept of Green Analytical Chemistry, which helped to redefine analytical procedures and drastically changed the philosophy of analytical method development. This book chapter describes the 12 principles of Green Analytical Chemistry and various methodologies for the assessment of the greenness of analytical methods. The three main steps in the analytical method development – sample preparation, separation and detection- are described in a “green perspective”. Special emphasis is given to the description of green sample preparation procedures, in particular to Solid Phase Microextraction, that, since its introduction in 1989 by Janusz Pawliszyn, has drastically revolutionized the methodology of sample preparation, providing a convenient and green alternative to already existing methods.

scholarly journals Implementing Green Analytical Methodologies Using Solid-Phase Microextraction: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5297
Author(s):  
Kayla M. Billiard ◽  
Amanda R. Dershem ◽  
Emanuela Gionfriddo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Green Analytical Chemistry

Implementing green analytical methodologies has been one of the main objectives of the analytical chemistry community for the past two decades. Sample preparation and extraction procedures are two parts of analytical method development that can be best adapted to meet the principles of green analytical chemistry. The goal of transitioning to green analytical chemistry is to establish new methods that perform comparably—or superiorly—to traditional methods. The use of assessment tools to provide an objective and concise evaluation of the analytical methods’ adherence to the principles of green analytical chemistry is critical to achieving this goal. In this review, we describe various sample preparation and extraction methods that can be used to increase the greenness of a given analytical method. We gave special emphasis to modern microextraction technologies and their important contributions to the development of new green analytical methods. Several manuscripts in which the greenness of a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was compared to other sample preparation strategies using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), a green assessment tool, were reviewed.

Recent achievements and applications of solid – phase microextraction in pesticide residues analysis in food

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-190
Author(s):  
Mária Andraščíková ◽  
Svetlana Hrouzková
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Fiber Coating ◽  
Food Matrices

Abstract The current trend in sample preparation methods is devoted to minimizing or eliminating the volume of extractive solvent. In this review, the focus on solid phase microextraction (SPME) as a solvent free sample preparation method for the isolation of pesticides residues in different food matrices is given. To achieve satisfactory extraction efficiency, selection of the fiber coating is an important step in the method development. Here, recent trends in new supporting materials and new fiber coatings development are discussed. Finally, applicability of SPME for the pesticide residues analysis in various food matrices using mainly chromatographic methods is also reviewed.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of Flow and Other Analytical Methods Dedicated to the Determination of Zinc in Water

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3914
Author(s):  
Paweł Kościelniak ◽  
Paweł Mateusz Nowak ◽  
Joanna Kozak ◽  
Marcin Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Green Analytical Chemistry ◽  
General Quality ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
High Degree

An original strategy to evaluate analytical procedures is proposed and applied to verify if the flow-based methods, generally favorable in terms of green chemistry, are competitive when their evaluation also relies on other criteria. To this end, eight methods for the determination of zinc in waters, including four flow-based ones, were compared and the Red–Green–Blue (RGB) model was exploited. This model takes into account several features related to the general quality of an analytical method, namely, its analytical efficiency, compliance with the green analytical chemistry, as well as practical and economic usefulness. Amongst the investigated methods, the best was the flow-based spectrofluorimetric one, and a negative example was that one involving a flow module, ICP ionization and MS detection, which was very good in analytical terms, but worse in relation to other aspects, which significantly limits its overall potential. Good assessments were also noted for non-flow electrochemical methods, which attract attention with a high degree of balance of features and, therefore, high versatility. The original attempt to confront several worldwide accepted analytical strategies, although to some extent subjective and with limitations, provides interesting information and indications, establishing a novel direction towards the development and evaluation of analytical methods.

scholarly journals Solid phase microextraction techniques used for gas chromatography: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Dugheri ◽  
Nicola Mucci ◽  
Alessandro Bonari ◽  
Giorgio Marrubini ◽  
Giovanni Cappelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Microextraction Techniques ◽  
Analytical Laboratories

In the last decade, the development and adoption of greener and sustainable microextraction techniques have been proved to be an effective alternative to classical sample preparation procedures. In this review, 10 commercially available solid-phase microextraction systems are presented, with special attention to the appraisal of their analytical, bioanalytical, and environmental engineering. This review provides an overview of the challenges and achievements in the application of fully automated miniaturized sample preparation methods in analytical laboratories. Both theoretical and practical aspects of these environment-friendly preparation approaches are discussed. The application of chemometrics in method development is also discussed. We are convinced that green analytical chemistry will be really useful in the years ahead. The application of cheap, fast, automated, “clever”, and environmentally safe procedures to environmental, clinical, and food analysis will improve significantly the quality of the analytical data.

Recent Trends in the Development of Green Microextraction Techniques for the Determination of Hazardous Organic Compounds in Wine

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa P. Kalogiouri ◽  
Victoria F. Samanidou
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Microextraction Techniques ◽  
Hazardous Organic Compounds

Background:The sample preparation is the most crucial step in the analytical method development. Taking this into account, it is easily understood why the domain of sample preparation prior to detection is rapidly developing. Following the modern trends towards the automation, miniaturization, simplification and minimization of organic solvents and sample volumes, green microextraction techniques witness rapid growth in the field of food quality and safety. In a globalized market, it is essential to face the consumers need and develop analytical methods that guarantee the quality of food products and beverages. The strive for the accurate determination of organic hazards in a famous and appreciated alcoholic beverage like wine has necessitated the development of microextraction techniques.Objective:The objective of this review is to summarize all the recent microextraction methodologies, including solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), single-drop microextraction (SDME) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) that were developed for the determination of hazardous organic compounds (pesticides, mycotoxins, colorants, biogenic amines, off-flavors) in wine. The analytical performance of the techniques is evaluated and their advantages and limitations are discussed.Conclusion:An extensive investigation of these techniques remains vital through the development of novel strategies and the implication of new materials that could upgrade the selectivity for the extraction of target analytes.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation and Extraction in Small Sample Volumes Suitable for Pediatric Clinical Studies: Challenges, Advances, and Experiences of a Bioanalytical HPLC-MS/MS Method Validation Using Enalapril and Enalaprilat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjoern B. Burckhardt ◽  
Stephanie Laeer
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Bioanalytical Method

In USA and Europe, medicines agencies force the development of child-appropriate medications and intend to increase the availability of information on the pediatric use. This asks for bioanalytical methods which are able to deal with small sample volumes as the trial-related blood lost is very restricted in children. Broadly used HPLC-MS/MS, being able to cope with small volumes, is susceptible to matrix effects. The latter restrains the precise drug quantification through, for example, causing signal suppression. Sophisticated sample preparation and purification utilizing solid-phase extraction was applied to reduce and control matrix effects. A scale-up from vacuum manifold to positive pressure manifold was conducted to meet the demands of high-throughput within a clinical setting. Faced challenges, advances, and experiences in solid-phase extraction are exemplarily presented on the basis of the bioanalytical method development and validation of low-volume samples (50 μL serum). Enalapril, enalaprilat, and benazepril served as sample drugs. The applied sample preparation and extraction successfully reduced the absolute and relative matrix effect to comply with international guidelines. Recoveries ranged from 77 to 104% for enalapril and from 93 to 118% for enalaprilat. The bioanalytical method comprising sample extraction by solid-phase extraction was fully validated according to FDA and EMA bioanalytical guidelines and was used in a Phase I study in 24 volunteers.

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2010-2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Shephard ◽  
F. Berthiller ◽  
P. Burdaspal ◽  
C. Crews ◽  
M. Jonker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Alternaria Toxins ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conventional Methods

This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2010 and mid-2011. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Analytical methods for mycotoxins continue to be developed and published. Despite much interest in immunochemical methods and in the rapid development of LC-MS methodology, more conventional methods, sometimes linked to novel clean-up protocols, have also been the subject of research publications over the above period. Occurrence of mycotoxins falls outside the main focus of this review; however, where relevant to analytical method development, this has been mentioned.

A Review: Method Development Validation and Degradation Studies of some Anticancer Drugs

2021 ◽  
pp. 5443-5448
Author(s):  
Punna Venkateshwarlu ◽  
Mehul M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Bioanalytical Methods ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Stability Indicating

This article reviews the various analytical methods reported so far in the literature for the determination of stability and impurity profile the lenalidomide and palbociclib anti cancer drugs in single or combination with other drugs in bulk, pharmaceutical dosage forms, biological fluids, stability indicating and impurity profiling methods. The analytical methods used for the estimation of lenalidomide and palbociclib anticancer drugs reviewed in this paper includes ultraviolet spectrophotometry,high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ,ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and electrophoresis. This review focus on the effect of all chromatographic parameters so as to provide as fast, reliable and cost effective methodology of testing. Method development is the process of proving that analytical method is acceptable for use to measure the concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient in a specific compound dosage form which must be validated to provide reliable data for regulatory submissions. This reviewed is mainly on analytical method development and validation, stability indicating methods, simultaneous estimation methods and bioanalytical methods. The review covers the time period from 2007 to 2019 during which analytical methods including all types of spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were reported. The Review covers lenalidomide and palbociclib API and formulation analytical and bioanalytical methods.

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