scholarly journals High Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency in Rural Nigerian Preschool Children: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Amarabia N.E. Ibeawuchi ◽  
Alphonsus N. Onyiriuka ◽  
Philip O. Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

AbstractBackground and Aims: In Nigeria, community-based epidemiological data related to the prevalence of zinc deficiency in preschool children are scarce. We assessed the prevalence of zinc deficiency and the associated socio-demographic variables in children aged between 6 and 60 months, living in a Nigerian rural community.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the serum zinc concentrations of 252 children aged between 6 and 60 months in a rural community in Nigeria were assessed, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The study population was selected by multistage random sampling and at least two children were selected from every household which had children in the study age group. The socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects were obtained, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.Results: A total of 252 children were studied, 134 (53.2%) males and 118 (46.8%) females. The mean age was 32.7±17.0 months, similar for both sexes. Overall, 220 (87.3%) had low serum zinc concentrations (less than 7.65µmol/L). According to age, the highest mean serum zinc concentration was 5.43±3.52µmol/L in children aged between 6 and 12 months. Correlation between serum zinc concentration and family size or socio-economic status (SES) showed that the smaller the family size and the higher the SES, the higher the serum zinc concentration.Conclusions: The high prevalence of low serum zinc concentration indicates that zinc deficiency is a public health problem in our rural communities, requiring public health intervention.

Magnitude of Zinc Deficiency among Nulliparous Nonpregnant Women in a Rural Community of Haryana State, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyali Pathak ◽  
Umesh Kapil ◽  
Suresh Kumar Kapoor ◽  
Sada Nand Dwivedi ◽  
Rajvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels ◽  
Zinc Protein

Zinc deficiency during pregnancy affects the outcome of pregnancy. A high prevalence of zinc deficiency (55.5%) has been reported among pregnant women. It is not known whether pregnancy leads to zinc deficiency due to the increased fetal needs or whether the women are zinc deficient when they become pregnant. No data are available on the zinc status of nulliparous nonpregnant women from India. To assess the magnitude of zinc deficiency among nulliparous nonpregnant women in a rural community of Haryana State, India. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in six villages of a rural area in a district of Haryana State, India. All nulliparous nonpregnant women aged 18 years or over who were willing to participate in the study were enrolled. Each woman was questioned about her age, socioeconomic status, and dietary pattern with the use of a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Blood from the antecubital vein was drawn to assess the serum zinc levels using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc levels less than 70.0 μg/dl were considered to indicate zinc deficiency. The dietary intakes of zinc, protein, and calories were assessed by the 24-hour dietary recall method. Two hundred eighty-eight nulliparous nonpregnant women were enrolled. Forty-one percent had zinc deficiency, and 75.7%, 1.4%, and 7.3% of the women consumed less than 50% of the recommended intake of zinc, protein, and calories, respectively. Women who consumed less than 50% of the recommended intake of calories (1,875 kcal) were at a 4.9 times higher risk of zinc deficiency than women who consumed more than 50% of the recommended intake. A high prevalence of zinc deficiency was found among the nulliparous nonpregnant women in the area studied.

Use of Serum Zinc Concentration as an Indicator of Population Zinc Status

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl3) ◽  
pp. S403-S429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Y. Hess ◽  
Janet M. Peerson ◽  
Janet C. King ◽  
Kenneth H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Intervention Trials

Assessing the prevalence and severity of zinc deficiency in populations is critical to determine the need for and appropriate targeting of zinc intervention programs and to assess their effectiveness for improving the health and well-being of high-risk populations. However, there is very little information on the zinc status of populations worldwide due to the lack of consensus on appropriate biochemical indicators of zinc status. The objective of this review was to evaluate the use of serum zinc concentration as an indicator of population zinc status. We have reviewed the response of serum zinc concentration to dietary zinc restriction and zinc supplementation. In addition, we completed pooled analyses of nine zinc intervention trials in young children to assess the relations between serum zinc concentration of individuals before treatment and their responses to zinc supplementation. Also, in updated combined analyses of previously published data, we investigated the relation between the mean initial serum zinc concentration of a study population and their mean growth responses to zinc supplementation in randomized intervention trials among children. The results from depletion/repletion studies indicate that serum zinc concentrations respond appreciably to severe dietary zinc restriction, although there is considerable interindividual variation in these responses. There is also clear evidence that both individual and population mean serum zinc concentrations increase consistently during zinc supplementation, regardless of the initial level of serum zinc concentration. By contrast, an individual's serum zinc concentration does not reliably predict that person's response to zinc supplementation. Serum zinc concentration can be considered a useful biomarker of a population's risk of zinc deficiency and response to zinc interventions, although it may not be a reliable indicator of individual zinc status.

A cross-sectional study of the correlation between diabetic therapy and serum zinc concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Sakurai ◽  
Junko Sasaki ◽  
Hirotsugu Suwanai ◽  
Jumpei Shikuma ◽  
Rokuro Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

scholarly journals Inadequate intakes of dietary zinc among pregnant women from subsistence households in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yewelsew Abebe ◽  
Alemtsehay Bogale ◽  
K Michael Hambidge ◽  
Barbara J Stoecker ◽  
Isabel Arbide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of zinc inadequacy based on dietary intakes and plasma zinc concentrations and, simultaneously, the prevalence of inadequate intakes of energy, protein, calcium and iron.DesignA cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of subsistence farming households in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia.SubjectsDietary intakes were calculated from 1-day weighed food records and 40 repeats from 99 pregnant women in the third trimester using analysed values of major staple foods for zinc, iron, calcium and phytate. The distribution of observed intakes was adjusted for usual intakes and the prevalence of inadequacy estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cutpoint method. Prevalence of inadequacy for zinc, protein and iron intakes were compared with those based on biochemical measures.ResultsPrevalence of zinc inadequacy was very high: 99% for US FNB EAR and 100% for IZiNCG EAR compared to 72% based on low plasma zinc concentrations. Corresponding prevalence estimates for iron were much lower: 4% for inadequate intakes based on US FNB EAR vs. 8.7% for iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin < 110 g l−1; ferritin < 12 μg l−1) and 32.3% for low storage iron. Prevalence of inadequacy for protein was 100% for adjusted intakes and 91% for serum albumin < 32 g l−1. For calcium, 74% were at risk for inadequate intakes.ConclusionThe high prevalence of inadequate intakes of zinc and protein was reasonably consistent with those based on biochemical measures. Such dietary deficits could be overcome by regular consumption of cellular animal protein. In contrast, both dietary and biochemical measures of iron inadequacy were low.

An Epidemiological Study of Smoking Among Adult Males in a Rural Area of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Saha ◽  
Bobby Paul ◽  
Tushar Kanti Dey
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Education Needs

AbstractA community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in a rural community of West Bengal, India among 329 adult males, during April to June, 2004 to find out the prevalence, characteristics of smoking and attitude of smokers towards quitting. 29.8% (98), 61.7% (203) and 8.5% (28) were found to be current, never and former smokers respectively. Among current smokers, 79.4% had started smoking before the age of 24 years. 23% of smokers cited the reason for smoking was to concentrate at work and to relieve anger and frustration. 53.8% wanted to quit smoking but lack of willpower (28.2%) became the major hindrance to quitting. 58.9% were uncertain about continuing smoking. Smoking is commonly practised in rural area of West Bengal, starting at quite an early age; hence awareness and health education needs to be stressed, so that prevention can be initiated.

scholarly journals A community based study on prevalence of obesity among urban population of Shivamogga, Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchana Nagendra ◽  
Nandini C. ◽  
Mangala Belur
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Who Steps

Background: Obesity is a most prevalent malnutrition all over the world. It is estimated by the WHO that globally, over 1 billion (16%) adults are overweight and 300 million of these (5%) are obese. The highest rise in the number of obese is noted in the countries with fast growing economies especially of South East Asia. In India the prevalence of obesity is 12.6% in women and 9.3% in men. In other words, more than a 100 million individuals are obese in India. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of obesity in urban population of Shivamogga.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in Urban Shivamogga Study was conducted during February 1st to July 30th 2016 for 6 months.  Data was collected from house hold members aged 15-64 years. The calculated sample size was 2000. Subjects were interviewed using a prestructured and pretested questionnaire adopted from WHO STEPS I and II, approaches for non-communicable diseases risk factors surveillance, after modifying to suit the local requirements (questions about Obesity and overweight were considered for study).Results: The prevalence of high BMI among study subjects was nearly fifty percent (45.6%).  The prevalence of obesity in the study subjects was 31.6%, the prevalence was more in females (34.9%) compared to males (28.4%). The prevalence of central/ abdominal type of obesity was 41.2%.Conclusions:This community based study demonstrated high prevalence of obesity and overweight among the productive population of urban Shivamogga. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1 to 9 years in rural communities of Lemo district, southern Ethiopia: community based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endale WoldeKidan ◽  
Deresse Daka ◽  
Deresse Legesse ◽  
Tariku Laelago ◽  
Bealu Betebo
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Active Trachoma

Abstract Background Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading infectious cause of blindness. It is transmitted via personal contact with infected ocular and nasal secretions by hands, fomites and eye- seeking flies. Active trachoma is more common among children aged 1 to 9 years. The objective of this study was determining the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1 to 9 years in rural community of Lemo district. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2018 in rural community of Lemo district. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 589 study participants. Data were collected by using structured pre-tested questionnaire, physical examination and observation. Binocular loupe was used to identify active trachoma cases. The data were entered by using EPi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS. Binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with active trachoma. Variables with p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were used to declare significance of association. Result Eighty seven (15.2%) children were positive for active trachoma. Absence of solid waste disposal pit (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.12-4.37), do not use latrine as reported by respondent (AOR = 7.53, 95% CI (2.86-19.84), do not use soap for face washing as reported by respondent (AOR =2.3, 95% CI (1.32–4.12), washing face frequency as reported by respondent (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI (1.06–3.26), and family size greater than five (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI (1.06–3.67) were significantly associated with active trachoma. Conclusion Active trachoma among children aged 1 to 9 years is high. Do not use latrine, do not use soap for face washing, and face washing frequency in a day as reported by respondents and family size were associated with active trachoma. Access to adequate water and sanitation can be important components in working towards eliminating trachoma as a public health problem. Therefore, prompt measures must be taken by concerned bodies to increase access to adequate water and sanitation facilities.

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