scholarly journals Diallel Crossing in Pinus cembra: V. Age Trends in Genetic Parameters and Genetic Gain for Height

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
I. Blada ◽  
F. Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Diallel Mating Design

AbstractA full diallel mating design (10 parents) was carried out in a Swiss stone pine panmictic population from the Carpathian Mountains. At age six, after nursery testing, the progenies were field planted to one site, using a completely randomized block design with 100 families, four replicates and a 15 tree row-plot per replication, spaced 2.5 × 2.5 m. Total and annual height of all individuals of this test was assessed at successive ages, between ages eight and 16. In addition, weight of 100 seeds and cotyledon number were considered in correlation analyses. Significant differences occurred in total height for general and specific combining ability effects. Variance components, heritabilities, genetic correlations and genetic gains on growth traits and survival at age 16 were estimated. Across the field testing period, GCA3)variance increased with time, accounting for 65% of plot mean phenotypic variance by age 16. In contrast, SCA variance declined as the progeny test aged accounting for only 9% by age 16. The time trend of the four heritability estimates for total height increased with age across the testing period reaching their highest level between age 14 and 16. Genetic correlations over time for total height rose from 0.85 at age two to 0.94 at age six and then leveled off across the field test indicating that if the goal is to improve 16-year height, early selection can be considered at age six. By selecting the best 10%, 15% and 20% of individuals within the best fullsib families, a genetic gain in total height of 12.4 %, 11.0% and 9.9% respectively, could be achieved at age 16. A higher gain can be obtained if the best general combiner parents are selected and intermated.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and estimated genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Khusala Verardi ◽  
Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva ◽  
Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa ◽  
Paulo de Souza Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to assess the genetic parameters and to estimate genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies. The experiments were carried out during three years, in a randomized block design, with six replicates and ten plants per plot, in three representative Hevea crop regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-two progenies were evaluated, from three to five years old, for rubber yield and annual girth growth. Genetic gain was estimated with the multi-effect index (MEI). Selection by progenies means provided greater estimated genetic gain than selection based on individuals, since heritability values of progeny means were greater than the ones of individual heritability, for both evaluated variables, in all the assessment years. The selection of the three best progenies for rubber yield provided a selection gain of 1.28 g per plant. The genetic gains estimated with MEI using data from early assessments (from 3 to 5-year-old) were generally high for annual girth growth and rubber yield. The high genetic gains for annual girth growth in the first year of assessment indicate that progenies can be selected at the beginning of the breeding program. Population effective size was consistent with the three progenies selected, showing that they were not related and that the population genetic variability is ensured. Early selection with the genetic gains estimated by MEI can be made on rubber tree progenies.

scholarly journals Keragaman Fenotipe dan Heritabilitas Kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merril) Generasi F6 Hasil Persilangan Wilis X Mlg2521

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridwan Kusuma ◽  
Nyimas Sa’diyah ◽  
Yayuk Nurmiaty
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Made In

Soybean consumption here in Indonesia continues to increase each year that is notaccompanied by an increase in soybean production. One way to increase soybeanproduction by using improved varieties. The purpose of this study were (1) Estimating thevalue of the diversity of phenotypes soy F6 generations from crosses between Wilis x Mlg2521,(2) Estimating the heritability estimates soybean F6 generations from crosses Wilis x Mlg2521,(3) Know the numbers expectation of F6 generation crosses Wilis x Mlg2521. The researchwas conducted from March 2014 until June 2014 at the Land Lab Lampung StatePolytechnic and observations made in Laboratory of Seed and Plant Breeding, University ofLampung. Soybean seeds used were F6 generation zuriat from Wilis x Mlg2521, Wilis andMlg2521. The treatment laid out in a randomized block design, 2 replications. The resultsshowed that (1) The diversity of phenotypes population F6 for characters date of flowering,harvesting age, plant height, number of productive branches, total number of pods plant,weight of 100 grains, grain weight plant and number of seeds plant including all the broadcriteria, (2) The value of heritability estimates the population F6 for characters date offlowering, harvesting age, plant height, number of productive branches, total number ofpods plant, weight of 100 grains, grain weight per plant and number of seeds plantbelonging to the high criteria, (3) Number expectations of the population F6 is 7-64-1-8 and7-64-1-3.Keywords: heritability, phenotypic variance, soybean

scholarly journals Genetics and expected selection gain for growth traits in Eugenia dysenterica DC. populations

Bragantia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Virginia de Aguiar ◽  
Roland Vencovsky ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves ◽  
Mara Fernandes Moura ◽  
Lizz Kezzy de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of quantitative traits in a living germplasm collection of Eugenia dysenterica. The genetic material consisted of 110 progenies derived from 10 natural Eugenia dysenterica subpopulations sampled in the southeastern region of the state of Goiás. The experiment was established in a complete randomized block design, with 110 treatments, four replications and one tree per plot. The study variables were total height, stem diameter and respective growth rates. After the analysis of variance some genetic parameters were estimated. The levels of genetic variation in the collection were high and the highest proportion was found within subpopulations. Highest coefficients of heritability and genetic variation were observed in subpopulations from the counties Catalão, Três Ranchos, Cristalina and Senador Canedo. Considering the promising expected progress for growth traits, this collection can be converted into an unrogued seedling seed orchard, aiming the production of improved seed.

scholarly journals Maximization of genetic gain in rubber tree (Hevea) breeding with effective size restriction

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Brito da Costa ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende ◽  
Antônio José de Araújo ◽  
Paulo de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Marcelo de Almeida Silva
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Size Restriction ◽  
Combined Selection ◽  
Effect Index

The heritability coefficients and the genetic gains associated with individual, combined and among and within progeny selection, and with multi-effect index selection in long-term rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] breeding were determined using effective population size (Ne) restriction. Twenty-two half sib progenies were planted at the Jaú Experimental Station, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a complete randomized block design, with five replications and 10 plants per plot. The following traits were assessed when the plants were three years old: number of laticiferous vessel rings (NR), dry rubber production (RP), bark thickness (BT) and stem girth (SG). Significant variability was found among progeny with good chances of obtaining genetic gain for RP, BT and SG. Effective population size restriction caused a greater reduction in genetic gain for RP with combined selection and with the multi-effect index than for individual or among and within progeny selection. The simultaneous use of accuracy values and genetic gain from the lower limits of the confidence intervals for gain indicated that individual selection is to be preferred in Hevea breeding programs.

Breeding strategies for Larixoccidentalis: adaptations to the biotic and abiotic environment in relation to improving growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Rehfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Growth Rhythm ◽  
Unit Of Selection

Two disparate studies detected additive genetic variances and covariances for traits reflecting growth, growth rhythm, and disease resistance in Larixoccidentalis Nutt. after 4 and 8 years of field testing. Heritabilities of moderate size combined with large phenotypic variances to presage relatively large responses to direct selection: genetic gains in growth of about 9% seemed readily feasible per unit of selection intensity. Strong genetic correlations (absolute value is greater than 0.6) linked growth traits with several traits that reflect growth rhythm and with defoliation from Meria needle cast (Merialaricis Vuill.). The results suggest that selecting for increased growth also increases resistance to needle cast but disrupts the growth rhythm typical of natural populations. Selecting for the rate of shoot elongation, however, should increase resistance to the needle cast, prevent the deterioration of growth rhythm, and still provide 70% of the gains in growth that would be available from direct univariate selection.

Multitrait and repeatability estimates of random effects on litter size in sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hagger
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Meat Sheep

AbstractFive data sets with records of first, second and third lambings of the White Alpine sheep (WAS1, WAS2), the Brown-Headed Meat sheep (BFS), the Black-Brown Mountain sheep (SBS) and the Valais Black-Nose sheep (SNS) of Switzerland were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for litter size using a multitrait and a repeatability model by the REML method. The sets contained litter information from 26 274, 25 165, 18 913, 14 953 and 21 726 ewes, respectively. Average numbers of litters per ewe were between 2·09 and 2·31. Average litter sizes at birth were between 1·36 and 1·57 lambs in first, between 1·52 and 1·75 in second and, between 1·56 and 1·86 in third parities. Multitrait estimates of heritability for size of first litters were 0·164, 0·157, 0·117, 0·223 and 0·116 for the WAS1, WAS2, BFS, SBS and SNS data, respectively. The corresponding estimates were 0·176, 0·165, 0·140, 0·208 and 0·134 for second and, 0·141, 0·155, 0·121, 0·145 and 0·107 for third litters. The systematic increase in phenotypic variances from first to third litter within data sets favoured the multivariate over the repeatability approach. Genetic correlations between size of the first three litters were, with one exception, above 0·927. Random flock ✕ year and sire of litter effects contributed between 2·2% and 13·2% and between 0·7% and 4·7% to the phenotypic variance of the traits, respectively. Residuals contributed between 70·6% and 84·2% to this parameter, estimates for the third litter were always highest. Heritability estimates from the repeatability model were smaller than the smallest multivariate estimates. Expected genetic gain in litter size from selection on the multitrait model was equal to the achieved response from the repeatability approach.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of yield and yield contributing traits in boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) Over environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Priyanka ◽  
HK Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Boro Rice

Hayman’s component analysis was employed to estimate genetic components of variation for yield and yield related traits in boro rice. Nine diverse lines of boro rice were crossed in diallel mating design excluding reciprocals and all the parental lines along with their 36 crosses were evaluated in randomized block design over 3 seasons in 3 replication. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all the traits over seasons. Component analysis indicated importance of both additive and dominance components. However, greater magnitude of dominance component than its corresponding additive component of variance exhibited greater role of dominance in the inheritance of these traits. The average degree of dominance was more than unity indicating overdominance for all the traits. Most of the traits exhibited low to moderate narrow sense heritability.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 457-466, September 2017

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects on growth traits of sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ghafouri-Kesbi ◽  
H. Baneh
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to estimate (co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (W6), 9-month weight (W9), average daily gain from birth to weaning (WWDG), average daily gain from weaning to 6 months (W6DG) and average daily gain from 6 months to 9 months (W9DG) for a nucleus flock of Iranian Makooei sheep. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure fitting six animal models including various combinations of maternal effects. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to determine the most appropriate model. Estimates of direct heritability (h2) ranged from 0.13 (W6DG) to 0.32 (BW). Maternal effects were found to be important in the growth performance of the Makooei sheep, indicating the necessity of including maternal effects in the model to obtain accurate estimates of direct heritability. Estimates of maternal heritability (m2) ranged from 0.05 (W6) to 0.16 (WWDG) and the estimates of proportion of maternal permanent environmental variance to phenotypic variance (c2) were in the range between 0.05 (BW) and 0.10 (W6). Direct additive genetic correlations were positive in all cases and ranged from 0.00 (BW/W9DG) to 0.99 (WW/WWDG). Phenotypic correlations showed a broad range from −0.27 (WW/W9DG) to 0.99 (WW/WWDG). Estimates of genetic parameters showed that genetic improvement through selection programs is possible. WW would be a suitable selection criterion since it has acceptable direct heritability and relatively high genetic correlation with other traits.

scholarly journals FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 1- Field traits and growth rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Khazaali & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Selection For

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late flowering were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some field and growth traits were conducted among the crosses. The experiments laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) at three replicates. Selection for early and late flowering parents has induced significant differences in days to flowering for all crosses and ranged between 62 days for early parents and 66 days for late parents. Also, significant differences were shown in several traits, the most prominent were crop’s and seed’s growth rate (CGR and SGR ), that correlated with seed filling duration (SFD), which contributed to increase the deposition of the dry matter into the grain for a longer period, which gave a high grain yield (GY). CGR of outstanding crosses ranged from 3.18 to 6.21 g.m-2.day, SGR ranged between 2.3 to 7.3 g. m-2.day, and the SFD between 35-38 days. In parallel, the testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some derived crosses, where the results showed significant superiority of the crosses Zm32Zm60 resulted from crossing the tester Zm60 with early silking parents selected from inbred line Zm32 on the crosses Zm32Zm21 resulted from crossing the tester Zm21 with the same parents of Zm32 in the traits of Total Dry Matter (TDM) (1.85 kg.m-2), CGR (18.28 g.m-2.day), Harvest Index (HI) (0.56), and SGR (3.3 g.m-2.day). It can be conclude  that selection for early and late silking inbred lines, as well as the effect of the early and late silking tester have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and distinct in several traits, which are all significantly contributing in increasing the GY.

Exogenous application of sulphydryl compounds enhances growth, photosynthetic efficiency and yield of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia L.) under water limiting environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Nathawat ◽  
V. S. Rathore ◽  
M.L. Soni ◽  
J. P. Singh ◽  
N. D. Yadava
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Sulphydryl Compounds

A two year field experiment was conducted in hot arid region at Bikaner, Rajasthan to investigate the effects of application of sulphydryl compounds (thioglycollic acid, TGA; thiourea TU) on growth traits, photosynthetic efficiency, yield components and yield of moth bean under water deficit conditions. The experiment comprised seven treatments (water spray, TGA 200 mg L-1, TGA 300 mg L-1, TGA 400 mg L-1, TU 500 mg L-1, TU 750 mg L-1 and TU 1000 mg L-1) and laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Application of sulphydryl compounds had significant effects on growth, photosynthetic traits, activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, and yield of moth bean. The sulphydryl compounds sprayed plants had 24-70, 13-40 and 13-20 % higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, GR; gluthathione-s-transferase, GST), photosynthetic parameters (net photosynthetic rate, PN; stomatal conductance, gs; transpiration rate, E) and seed yield respectively compared to unsprayed plants. The results suggest that application of sulphydryl compounds mitigate moisture deficit induced negative effects on growth, and photosynthetic parameters which lead to better seed yield of moth bean.

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