scholarly journals Plant communities, properties, and age of organic soils in the post-extraction sites of the Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatland (Sudetes Mts., SW Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Maria Andrzejczak ◽  
Adam Bogacz ◽  
Klara Tomaszewska ◽  
Magda Podlaska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Plant Habitat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the study was to show the impact of the peat extraction on the development and properties of organic soils and plant habitat in post-extraction sites. The study was conducted in the complex of the Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatlands (Sudetes Mts., SW Poland). The Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatlands began to form in Preboreal (10960–9330 ±50BP) so that they are one of the oldest peatlands in the Sudetes. We analyzed 8 soil profiles (42 samples). Peat forming process there is still active in the moderate or strong degree (PtII-PtIII). The floristic composition of the studied areas was typical of transition peatlands. Successive dry and moist periods were observed in the developed of organic soils. The time gaps in peat profiles covering hundreds of years prove their extraction in the past.

scholarly journals Vegetation of Akkerendam Nature Reserve, Northern Cape: Delineation and dynamics over 100 years

Bothalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Van der Merwe ◽  
M. Timm Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Prosopis Glandulosa ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
The Past ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
The Impact

Background: Akkerendam Nature Reserve is the second oldest proclaimed municipal nature reserve in the Northern Cape, yet to date no vegetation map has been produced. The possible expansion of the reserve is under consideration.Objectives: To produce a vegetation map, classification and description of the vegetation of the reserve and proposed expansion area, and assess how the vegetation has changed over the past century.Method: Braun Blanquet methodology was used to produce a vegetation map. To quantify vegetation change, (1) relevés (a plot of phytosociological data) composed from Acocks’ species lists, recorded in 1954 and 1956, were compared with the phytosociological table, and (2) recent repeat photographs (2016) were compared to four images taken by Pole Evans (ca. 1920).Results: Three plant communities were identified within the reserve and expansion area; however, four subcommunities are only found in the proposed expansion area. Relevés compiled from Acocks’ species lists were absorbed into the phytosociological table indicating that no significant vegetation change has taken place in the last approximately 60 years. This study found 222 species in common with Acocks’ species lists; however, he did not list the alien invasive species Prosopis glandulosa. Comparison of repeat photographs with images taken nearly a century earlier suggests that, except for the impact of recent fires, the composition remained relatively similar.Conclusion: The phytosociological approach adopted has provided a map of the vegetation units of the study area, while the historical comparisons indicate that the vegetation of Akkerendam Nature Reserve has not undergone significant change over the last 100 years.

scholarly journals Floristic diversity of selected plant communities on extensive and abandoned grasslands in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park / Zróżnicowanie florystyczne wybranych zbiorowisk roślinnych ekstensywnych użytków zielonych w Nadwieprzańskim Parku Krajobrazowym

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Marianna Warda ◽  
Ewa Stamirowska-Krzaczek ◽  
Mariusz Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Herbaceous Communities

Abstract The paper presents floristic diversity of some plant communities in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park (middle part of the Wieprz River valley). Phytosociological relevés were made in the years 2005-2007 with Braun-Blanquet method. Species richness was a base to calculate the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Wieprz River valley has the character of a floodplain. In its middle reaches, communities of the Molinio- Arrhenatheretea class accounted for nearly 75% of all plant communities in grasslands. Herbaceous communities were represented by associations from the Filipendulion alliance. The greatest diversity (H’ = 3.4) was characteristic for vegetation of the Valeriano-Filipenduletum association. It formed small patches in abandoned meadows. Small patches of plants from the Lythro-Filipenduletum ulmariae association, having a slightly smaller floristic diversity (H’ = 3.0) were found on abandoned meadows located in highly silted and poor organic soils. Characteristic species of herbaceous communities (Filipendula ulmaria, Valeriana officinalis and Lythrum salicaria) occurred also in the sward of abandoned thistle meadows. Typical thistle meadows (Cirsietum rivularis), with the predominance of Cirsium rivulare developed in land depressions, not far from the Wieprz River, in the vicinity of abandoned drainage ditches and along the edges of the valley. However, the total abandonment of these meadows leads to changes in floristic composition of the sward and to succession towards herbaceous communities.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic impact on concentration of selected trace elements pools in transformed organic soils in Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatland, SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bogacz ◽  
Maria Andrzejczak ◽  
Klara Tomaszewska ◽  
Magda Podlaska
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Drainage and peat extraction may have a negative impact on existing hydrological conditions and, consequently, on the conditions of wetland ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess human impact on the studied Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatland by comparing the concentrations and trace element (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni) pools in the study area (extracted vs. non-extracted areas of peatland). The concentration of trace elements in organic soils and their pools were analysed in relation to their depth in the soil profiles, content of organic matter, soil pH values and the degree of decomposition of organic materials (peat, mursh). Fifteen soil profiles (90 samples) were examined. The total soil elements content was determined after digestion in a mixture of HCl+HNO3. The element pools were calculated and expressed in g m−2 of soil in 0–30 cm and 30–50 cm layers. Soils showed acidic or slightly acidic reactions. The high concentrations of Pb and Zn were mainly observed in the upper horizons. The deeper layers enriched with mineral fractions were also enriched in metals like Cr and Ni.

scholarly journals Uniqueness of limestone soil-forming substrate in the forest ecosystem classification

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šamonil
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Ecosystem Classification ◽  
Bohemian Karst ◽  
Limestone Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Genesis Of Soils

The uniqueness of limestone soil-forming substrate was assessed with respect to the classification of forest ecosystems. 50 soil profiles from the Bohemian Karst were studied and the results were confronted with previously published works from other karst areas. The evaluation of soil profiles was based on a macroscopic description, on the results of chemical and physicochemical analyses, and on a micromorphological study. The carbonate bedrock was a cause of specific genesis of soils in these sites &minus; both recent and relict ones (terrae calcis). However, it does not always condition the unique characteristics of these sites whose differentiation would call for an <i>a priori</i> special edaphic category. Unique geochemical characteristics of the substrate are modified on the gradient of advanced pedogenesis (Holocene up to mid-Pleistocene soils were assessed) by a very intensive soil-forming process connected with the impact of allochthonous, mostly aeolian material. Two possible approaches were designed for the classification of these sites: (<i>i</i>) wider conception &minus; distinction of the basic edaphic category with small limitations for the quality of soil-forming substrate, (<i>ii</i>) narrower conception &minus; limestone edaphic category with a number of limitations to distinguish this edaphic category.

scholarly journals The soil fungi communities of peat soils in the Narew National Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Zofia Tyszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
The Past

The study was conducted in the years 2003-2004 on four low peatland peat soil profiles located in the Narew National Park. All studied soils were sedge peat soils sampled from various habitats. The recognition of the soil fungi communities and their stratification in the studied profiles were the aim of the study. The 214 isolates were made, which were represented by 45 species. The reason for little differentiation of quantitative-qualitative structures of soil fungi communities in peat soils is their high moisture. The distinct differentiation among the soil fungi communities was observed. These results suggest that not only the soil-forming process affects the soil fungi communities development but also the soil properties, which were under influence in the past and have been still affected by the habitat conditions, are very important to the development process of soil fungi communities.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

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