The Impact of Anthropopreassure and Weather Conditions on the Mineral Nitrogen Content in the Organic Soils from Fen Peatlands (Stołowe Mountains, Sw Poland)

Abstract The aim of the study was to show the impact of the peat extraction on the development and properties of organic soils and plant habitat in post-extraction sites. The study was conducted in the complex of the Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatlands (Sudetes Mts., SW Poland). The Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatlands began to form in Preboreal (10960–9330 ±50BP) so that they are one of the oldest peatlands in the Sudetes. We analyzed 8 soil profiles (42 samples). Peat forming process there is still active in the moderate or strong degree (PtII-PtIII). The floristic composition of the studied areas was typical of transition peatlands. Successive dry and moist periods were observed in the developed of organic soils. The time gaps in peat profiles covering hundreds of years prove their extraction in the past.

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The impact of soil nutritional conditions on sour cherry yield and seasonal dynamics of mineral nitrogen in root zone

Horticulture and viticulture ◽

10.31676/0235-2591-2020-3-37-43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

M. E. Stolyarov ◽

E. V. Leonicheva ◽

L. I. Leontieva ◽

M. E. Stolyarov

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Impact ◽

Cherry Trees

The research aimed to study seasonal dynamics of content of Nmin (ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen) in the soil of a young sour cherry orchard as aﬀ ected by nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment was conducted with 4-years old sour cherry trees of the ‘Turgenevka’ variety during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experimental orchard was situated at forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region) with loamy Haplic Luvisol. The treatments included: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. N30K40; 3. N60K80; 4. N90K120; 5. N120K160. Urea and potassium sulfate were used as fertilizers and were soil applied once a year at early spring. Soil samples were collected in soil layers from a depth of 0…20, 20…40 and 40…60 cm ﬁ ve times during the growing seasons: in May, June, July, August and September. Without fertilizers, mineral nitrogen content varied within 3.1…31.7 mg/kg during both growing seasons. The fertilizer treatments resulted in essential rise of Nmin to 4.7…147.6 and 20.3…102.5 mg/kg in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons respectively. In both 2018 and 2019 the Nmin concentration in 0…60 cm soil layer was the highest in May…June, and decreased by 1.3-5 times in July…August. The fertilization by urea in N90 and N120 doses led to at essential increase of soil nitrogen content by 1.6-5 times compared with unfertilized soil in early summer. The movement of mineral nitrogen to the deeper soil layers was observed when applying of nitrogen fertilizers at the dose of N120. The greatest productivity of 4-years old ‘Turgenevka’ sour cherry trees was observed at N120K160 treatment (5.38 and 9.33 kg/tree in 2018 and 2019 respectively), but the increase in yield compared to the control was not statistically signiﬁ cant.

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Quantification and comparison of ecosystem services of grasslands versus another fodder crop (maize) based on mineral nitrogen content in the 60–90 cm soil layer

Agronomy Science ◽

10.24326/as.2021.4.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 63-78

Author(s):

Halina Lipińska ◽

Ilona Woźniak-Kostecka ◽

Anna Kocira ◽

Wojciech Lipiński ◽

Stanisław Franczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Nitrogen Emissions ◽

Livestock Population ◽

Monetary Value ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Mineral Soils

Grasslands provide many ecosystem services. Apart from being a source of fodder for animals, grasslands regulate water and soil quality by reducing nitrogen emissions to the environment. The aim of the study was to determine the biophysical and monetary value of ecosystem services of grassland based on the “mineral nitrogen content in the soil layer 60–90 cm” indicator depending on the method of use and the type of soil, against the cultivation of maize for green fodder. The study area encompassed three provinces, different in terms of soil use, livestock population and intensity of grassland use. The investigation indicated that the value of ecosystem services provided by grasslands varied spatially and depended on the type of use and type of soil. In mineral soils, the lowest levels of this index were recorded from sites used for pasturing, while the highest levels were found under maize crops. In organic soils (without maize crops), the smallest losses of Nmin were observed in meadows while the highest losses were in pastures. Nmin losses in organic soils were higher than in mineral soils. The losses observed were highest in Opolskie Province, followed by Podlaskie Province, with the lowest losses in Lubelskie Province.

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Impact of the depth of fertilizer localization on the nutrient regime of Luvic Chernic Phaozem and yield of spring barley

AgroChemistry and Soil Science ◽

10.31073/acss91-03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-30

Author(s):

V. M. Smychenko ◽

◽

M. M. Miroshnychenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Growing Season ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Local Application ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Nutrient Regime ◽

The Impact

The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the depth of local application of mineral fertilizers on the nutrient content in the arable layer of soil and the yield of spring barley. The studies were carried out during 2018 - 2020 in a temporary small-plot experiment. Soil – chernozem podzolized loamy (Luvic Chernic Phaeozem). The application of N60P60K60 in the form of nitroammophoska or a mixture of ammophos, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride was compared to a depth of 10-12 cm and 20-22 cm from the soil surface. The row spacing of barley crops was 15 cm; the fertilizer tape was placed at a distance of 4-5 cm away from the row. Mixed soil samples were taken from fertilizer tapes twice during the growing season of barley (in the first half of the growing season and after harvesting). The weather conditions were quite contrasting: in 2018 it was dry at the beginning of the growing season and during grain ripening, in 2019 was dry only during the formation of grain, and in 2020 - rather humid and relatively cool during almost the entire growing season. At the beginning of the growing season of barley in 2018, the highest content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was found with a shallow location of the fertilizers, but in 2019-2020 - in case fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cm from the surface. Location of fertilizer at a depth of 20-22 cm also provided a higher level of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil than applying at a depth of 10-12 cm. After the barley harvest, the highest accumulation of mineral nitrogen in the soil in 2018 was found with shallow application and in 2019-2020 - with deeper application. A tendency of more accumulation of chlorophyll in plants was observed with an increase in the depth of fertilization. Local application of fertilizers gave a reliable increase in yield in all variants of the experiment. However, the increase was twice as high when placing the fertilizer tape was at a depth of 20-22 cm as at a depth of 10-12 cm. Application of nitroammophoska to a depth of 20-22 cm was more effective than mixtures of simple and complex fertilizers. It was concluded that the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and the depth of the location of fertilizers mutually affect the nutrient regime of the soil. The advantage of deep fertilization is more significant under insufficient moisture.

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Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2020i5pp28-33 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Valery Genadievich Popov ◽

Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽

Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽

Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽

Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Volga Region ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Forest Belts ◽

Clear Differentiation ◽

The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

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The yield of perennial grass stands on drained organic soils of Steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.90.92-97 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (90) ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

I.T. Slusar ◽

V.A. Serbenyuk ◽

A.N. Gera ◽

A.P. Solyanik ◽

A.A. Tarasenko

Keyword(s):

Zinc Sulphate ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Area ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Cobalt Sulfate ◽

The Impact

Research on the impact of the introduction of micro fertilizers and growth promoters on a background of mineral fertilizer and without N90R45К120 spent on old peat in shallow carbonate floodplain r.Supiy, Yahotyn Kyiv region. Power peat horizon about 60-70 cm, 7,4-7,6 pH of the aqueous extract, stupas schedule 56-60%, density 0,49-0,52 assembly soil, total nitrogen content (%) - 1.9; gross forms of phosphorus - 0,4, potassium 0.2, 20% lime. In experiments studying biological rehoplant, radustym, Biolan, emistim, Jets, humisol, plantafol, radyfarm and micronutrients: copper, boric acid, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate, potassium humates. Treatment drugs conducted in the spring by spraying mixtures. Space research area of 60 m2, three-time repetition. It is established that the use of growth stimulants and micronutrients in the background N90R45К120 provided the highest yield mixtures of years, against making BIOLan - 9.9 t / ha Radyfarmu - 9.6 t / ha Radostymu 9.3 t / ha dry weight. In areas for making other preparations were intermediate yield growth rates - 0.5 - 2.0 t / ha dry weight. Also good gains herbage yields obtained by making all kinds of micronutrients and growth stimulants in the background without making makrodobryv which was within 5.3 - 6.9 t / ha to control without fertilization - 4.5 t / ha dry weight. In deep peat copper fertilizer (25 kg / ha of copper sulphate or 5 kg / ha pirytnoho cinders) in all zones should be making every 3-4 years, and zinc, cobalt and molybdenum advisable to make time for the growing season, spring, by foliar application in such numbers: ammonium molibdenovokyslyy - 0.3 kg / ha; cobalt sulfate - 3 kg / ha zinc sulphate 0.5 kg / ha or placers these salts should be mixed with major fertilizer.

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Energy Performance Assessment of Innovative Building Solutions Coming from Construction and Demolition Waste Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1226

Author(s):

Beatriz Fraga-De Cal ◽

Antonio Garrido-Marijuan ◽

Olaia Eguiarte ◽

Beñat Arregi ◽

Ander Romero-Amorrortu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Insulation ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

The European Union ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

The Impact

Prefabricated solutions incorporating thermal insulation are increasingly adopted as an energy conservation measure for building renovation. The InnoWEE European project developed three technologies from Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) materials through a manufacturing process that supports the circular economy strategy of the European Union. Two of them consisted of geopolymer panels incorporated into an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) and a ventilated façade. This study evaluates their thermal performance by means of monitoring data from three pilot case studies in Greece, Italy, and Romania, and calibrated building simulation models enabling the reliable prediction of energy savings in different climates and use scenarios. Results showed a reduction in energy demand for all demo buildings, with annual energy savings up to 25% after placing the novel insulation solutions. However, savings are highly dependent on weather conditions since the panels affect cooling and heating loads differently. Finally, a parametric assessment is performed to assess the impact of insulation thickness through an energy performance prediction and a cash flow analysis.

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Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1241

Author(s):

Stanko Vršič ◽

Marko Breznik ◽

Borut Pulko ◽

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Management ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Soil Biodiversity ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Green Cover ◽

The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

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Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11020083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽

Pavel Růžek ◽

Helena Kusá ◽

Radek Vavera ◽

Martin Káš

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Straw Decomposition ◽

Rainy Weather ◽

N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

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A Study of the Effects of Rain, Snow and Hail on the Atmospheric Electric Field near Ground

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12080996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 996

Author(s):

Athanasios Karagioras ◽

Konstantinos Kourtidis

Keyword(s):

Frequency Distribution ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Potential Gradient ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

The Other ◽

Fair Weather ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Rain Events ◽

The Impact ◽

Bounce Back

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of rain, snow and hail on potential gradient (PG), as observed in a period of ten years in Xanthi, northern Greece. An anticorrelation between PG and rainfall was observed for rain events that lasted several hours. When the precipitation rate was up to 2 mm/h, the decrease in PG was between 200 and 1300 V/m, in most cases being around 500 V/m. An event with rainfall rates up to 11 mm/h produced the largest drop in PG, of 2 kV/m. Shortly after rain, PG appeared to bounce back to somewhat higher values than the ones of fair-weather conditions. A decrease in mean hourly PG was observed, which was around 2–4 kV/m during the hail events which occurred concurrently with rain and from 0 to 3.5 kV/m for hail events with no rain. In the case of no drop, no concurrent drop in temperature was observed, while, for the other cases, it appeared that, for each degree drop in temperature, the drop in hourly mean PG was 1000 V/m; hence, we assume that the intensity of the hail event regulates the drop in PG. The frequency distribution of 1-minute PG exhibits a complex structure during hail events and extend from −18 to 11 kV/m, with most of the values in the negative range. During snow events, 1-minute PG exhibited rapid fluctuations between high positive and high negative values, its frequency distribution extending from −10 to 18 kV/m, with peaks at −10 and 3 kV/m.

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