scholarly journals Four Finisterre-Huon languages: An introduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah S. Sarvasy
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Number System ◽  
Verbal Aspect ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

AbstractThe verbal categories of Finisterre-Huon Papuan languages Awara, Ma Manda, Nek, and Nungon are typologically remarkable in several ways. Their tense systems have multiple subdivisions within past and future tenses. Tense is fused with number, but the number system varies depending on tense, with the most number values distinguished in the future tenses. Immediate and delayed imperatives are distinguished, with the immediate imperative implying brusqueness and the delayed imperative implying politeness. Aspect is generally encoded analytically, with auxiliary verb constructions, although some languages mark habitual aspect through a verbal suffix. Surprisingly, medial verbs may mark more aspectual distinctions than final verbs. Finally, although grammatical evidentiality is not widely known to exist in Papuan languages of northeastern New Guinea, non-firsthand evidentiality is found to be entwined with verbal aspect marking in both Awara and Nungon. The four Finisterre-Huon (FH) Papuan languages represented in this volume – Awara, Ma Manda, Nek, and Nungon – bring to light many of the unique typological characteristics of this group of under-described languages. The papers presented here offer a sense of the commonalities and differences found in the verbal inflectional systems of FH languages. This introduction provides general background on FH languages, and summarizes some of the points of convergence and divergence among the languages discussed in this volume.

scholarly journals A new HPSG approach to Polish auxiliary constructions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kupść ◽  
Jesse Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

This paper presents an analysis of constructions involving the l-form of the verb in Polish, including primarily the past tense, the conditional mood, and the future tense. Previous approaches have attempted to treat these uniformly as auxiliary verb constructions. We argue against a unified treatment, however, in light of synchronic and diachronic evidence that indicates that only the future tense and the conditional still involve auxiliaries in modern Polish. We show that the past tense is now a simple tense, although the l-forms appear in combination with agreement affixes that can appear in different places in the sentence. We provide an account of the common linearization properties of the past tense markings and the conditional auxiliary. We present a detailed HPSG analysis of the past tense construction that relies on the introduction of two interacting agreement features. We then discuss the consequences of our proposals for the analysis of the conditional and future auxiliary constructions, and finally, we offer a treatment of constructions involving inflected complementizers in Polish.

Review of Anderson (2006): Auxiliary Verb Constructions

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Elly van Gelderen
Keyword(s):  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Korean Syntax

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hye Suk Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Case Marker ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Important Evidence

The syntax of Korean is characterized by several signature properties. One signature property is head-finality. Word order variations and restrictions obey head-finality. Korean also possesses wh in-situ as well as internally headed relative clauses, as is typical of a head-final language. Another major signature property is dependent-marking. Korean has systematic case-marking on nominal dependents and very little, if any, head-marking. Case-marking and related issues, such as multiple case constructions, case alternations, case stacking, case-marker ellipsis, and case-marking on adjuncts, are front and center properties of Korean syntax as viewed from the dependent-marking perspective. Research on these aspects of Korean has contributed to the theoretical understanding of case and grammatical relations in linguistic theory. Korean is also characterized by agglutinative morphosyntax. Many issues in Korean syntax straddle the morphology-syntax boundary. Korean morphosyntax constitutes a fertile testing ground for ongoing debates about the relationship between morphology and syntax in domains such as coordination, deverbal nominalizations (mixed category constructions), copula, and other denominal constructions. Head-finality and agglutinative morphosyntax intersect in domains such as complex/serial verb and auxiliary verb constructions. Negation, which is a type of auxiliary verb construction, and the related phenomena of negative polarity licensing, offer important evidence for crosslinguistic understanding of these phenomena. Finally, there is an aspect of Korean syntax that reflects areal contact. Lexical and grammatical borrowing, topic prominence, pervasive occurrence of null arguments and ellipsis, as well as a complex system of anaphoric expressions, resulted from sustained contact with neighboring Sino-Tibetan languages.

scholarly journals Intra-paradigmatic variation in Eleme verbal agreement

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bond
Keyword(s):  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Serial Verb Constructions ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Mismatches in the morphosyntactic features of controllers and targets in the Eleme (Ogonoid, Niger-Congo) participant reference system allow for a subject agreement paradigm in which the person of the grammatical subject is indicated by a verbal prefix, while plural number is marked by a suffix on different targets — either lexical verbs or auxiliaries — based on the person value of the controller. I examine the distribution of Eleme ‘Default Subject’ agreement affixes and the intra-paradigmatic asymmetry found between second-person plural and third-person plural subjects in Auxiliary Verb Constructions (AVC) and Serial Verb Constructions (SVC). I argue that the criteria by which the various agreement affixes select an appropriate morphological host can be modelled in terms of agreement prerequisites even when distributional variation is paradigm internal.

scholarly journals A common conception of justice underlies Pacific churches’ message on climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Philip Cass
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Media

This article presents an overview of the role mainstream  churches can play in mitigating the climate change crisis in the Pacific and their role in facilitating climate induced migration. It builds on earlier work by the author (Cass, 2018; 2020) with a focus on Fiji, Tonga and Papua New Guinea. Both Catholic and Protestant churches share a concern for the future of the planet based on the principles of economic, social and climate justice, which complement moral and ecumenical imperatives. The article examines what message the churches convey through the media and the theology that underlines them.

scholarly journals On a Marginal Use of the Imperative in East Slavic Monuments of the 11th–15th Centuries

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Yana A. Pen’kova
Keyword(s):  
Original Structure ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Rhetorical Construction ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Analytical Construction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Imperative Mood

The paper is devoted to the marginal construction that appears to be a kind of hybrid of an imperative and the future perfect: the auxiliary verb has the form of the imperative mood and is used with an l-participle. The construction is semantically and structurally similar to the Slavic perfect and the Slavic future perfect, however it is attested only in some archaic translated Church Slavonic monuments represented by East Slavic copies from the 11th through the 15th centuries of South Slavic translations (these include the Catechetical Lectures of Cyril of Jerusalem and the Homily to the Entombment and the Resurrection of Jesus Christ by Gregory of Antioch, as a part of the Uspensky Sbornik of the 12th–13th century) or by East Slavic translations of the Story of Ahikar. The author of the article suggests different interpretations of the grammatical state of the construction in question and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. The following interpretations are offered: 1) regarding the construction as a tracing of the original structure, 2) regarding it as an artificial rhetorical construction, and 3) regarding it as an analytical construction with an auxiliary verb in the imperative mood and the main verb in the form of an l-participle. It seems preferable not to regard the construction as a simple calque of the original structure but rather as a particular archaic perfect imperative periphrasis. It remains unclear, however, whether it was an exclusively literary structure and was used as a possible means of translating Greek constructions with éstō or if it could be used independently.

scholarly journals KARAKTER KEWARGAAN MULTIKULTURAL BERBASIS NILAI MORAL DI SMA NEGERI 2 KABUPATEN SORONG

2019 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Character Development ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Needs Analysis ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Multicultural Marriages

Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama. mengidentifikasi karakter kewargaan multikultural yang berbasis nilai Moral di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. berdasar identifikasi kebutuhan masyarakat papua pada umumnya dan khususnya Siswa yang berada di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa analisis kebutuhan pembinaan karakter kewargaan multikultural di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong, yaitu sekolah merupakan pihak yang mempunyai kewenangan dalam mendidik dan membina Siswa sehingga dapat terbentuk karakter kewargaan yang berbasis nilai moral. Siswa merupakan calon pendidik masa depan dan harus memiliki model pembinaan berbasis nilai moral dalam lingkungan Siswa di sekolah SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. Pembinaan karakter Siswa sehingga terdapat kesamaan langkah strategis dalam implementasi di dunia pendidikan secara umum dan secara khusus Siswa Papua. Menganalisis kebutuhan  karakter kewargaan berbasis nilai moral diperguruan tinggi, bahwa pembinaan karakter kewargaan di perguruan tinggi telah berjalan namun belum terprogram secara sistemik, sehingga tidak memiliki dampak signifikan. Dalam konteks Pembinaan  karakter berbasis nilai moral Siswa papua terkait dengan kebutuhan praktis model pembinaan karakter kewargaan multikultur berbasis Nilai Moral di Sekolah. Research has two main objectives. Identify citizenry multicultural marrieges value character based on values SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. Based on the needs the people of new guinea in general and especially university students in SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. The result of this research suggests that character development needs analysis in SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong citizenry multicultural marriages, the campus were the ones who authorized in educating students so that it can be formed and to create citizenry character based on values. Students is the educator for  the future and have to have a model based development values in the SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong students on campus. Character development and there were students in particular. Analyze the needs of character zitizenry on college has been running but have not been systematically program, so that there is no has hed a significant impact. In the context of the establishment of a character based moral value students papua in college relating to practical needs character development model citizenry based multicultur moral value in college.

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