scholarly journals On a Marginal Use of the Imperative in East Slavic Monuments of the 11th–15th Centuries

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Yana A. Pen’kova
Keyword(s):  
Original Structure ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Rhetorical Construction ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Analytical Construction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Imperative Mood

The paper is devoted to the marginal construction that appears to be a kind of hybrid of an imperative and the future perfect: the auxiliary verb has the form of the imperative mood and is used with an l-participle. The construction is semantically and structurally similar to the Slavic perfect and the Slavic future perfect, however it is attested only in some archaic translated Church Slavonic monuments represented by East Slavic copies from the 11th through the 15th centuries of South Slavic translations (these include the Catechetical Lectures of Cyril of Jerusalem and the Homily to the Entombment and the Resurrection of Jesus Christ by Gregory of Antioch, as a part of the Uspensky Sbornik of the 12th–13th century) or by East Slavic translations of the Story of Ahikar. The author of the article suggests different interpretations of the grammatical state of the construction in question and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. The following interpretations are offered: 1) regarding the construction as a tracing of the original structure, 2) regarding it as an artificial rhetorical construction, and 3) regarding it as an analytical construction with an auxiliary verb in the imperative mood and the main verb in the form of an l-participle. It seems preferable not to regard the construction as a simple calque of the original structure but rather as a particular archaic perfect imperative periphrasis. It remains unclear, however, whether it was an exclusively literary structure and was used as a possible means of translating Greek constructions with éstō or if it could be used independently.

scholarly journals Sobre o Status Morfofonológico e Prosódico das Formas Futuras em Português Arcaico (On the Morpho- Phonological and Prosodical Status of The Future Form in Archaic Portuguese )

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Gladis Massini-Cagliari
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir o status morfofonológico das formas verbais de futuro em Português Arcaico, a partir de evidências provindas de seu comportamento prosódico: se formas simples, constituídas a partir da flexão regular da base, ou se formas compostas, constituídas a partir da junção do infinitivo com um auxiliar flexionado. Apesar de tradicionalmente as formas verbaisde futuro serem consideradas como simples, a sua pauta prosódica sugere que se trata de compostos. Também sustenta a consideração de sua natureza como composta o fato de somente os tempos futuros aceitarem mesóclise, variação com formas com o auxiliar no início – viverey ou ey a viver, viveria ou ia a viver – e “coordenação” de dois verbos, a partir de uma só “terminação”.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fonologia. Português Arcaico. Verbos. Compostos. Prosódia. Acento.ABSTRACTThis paper aims to discuss the morphophonological status of future tenses verbal forms in Archaic Portuguese. From the viewpoint of word formation, these verbal forms can be interpreted as the result of the regular inflexion of the base, or as compounds, formed by the main verb infinitive followed by an inflected auxiliary verb. Evidences are provided mainly by their prosodic behaviour, in comparison to other verbs. Although future forms are traditionally considered as simple verbal forms, their prosodic behaviour suggests that they are in fact compounds. Arguments that support this position are: the possibility of collocation of the clitic pronoun only in the middle future verbs; the variation with auxiliary initial verbal expressions (viverey or ey a viver, viveria or ia a viver), and the coordination of two verbs with only one future “mark”.KEYWORDS: Archaic Portuguese. Verbs. Compounds. Prosod. Stress.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

Research Situation Analysis of On-line Detection Technology for Power Transformer Winding Deformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-832
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Weihui Jiang ◽  
Li Qiu ◽  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Yanchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Line Detection ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transformer Winding ◽  
On Line ◽  
Winding Deformation

Background: Winding deformation is one of the most common faults in power transformers, which seriously threatens the safe operation of transformers. In order to discover the hidden trouble of transformer in time, it is of great significance to actively carry out the research of transformer winding deformation detection technology. Methods: In this paper, several methods of winding deformation detection with on-line detection prospects are summarized. The principles and characteristics of each method are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the future research directions are expounded. Finally, aiming at the existing problems, the development direction of detection method for winding deformation in the future is prospected. Results: The on-line frequency response analysis method is still immature, and the vibration detection method is still in the theoretical research stage. Conclusion: The ΔV − I1 locus method provides a new direction for on-line detection of transformer winding deformation faults, which has certain application prospects and practical engineering value.

Latest Research and Developing Tendency of Hyperbranched Polymers Fabrication

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Lian Yi Huo ◽  
Xue Tao Shi ◽  
Si Ming Chen ◽  
Meng Yao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymers ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
The Future

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have been applied in various fields because of its outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. At present, there are a variety of methods that are used to fabricate HBPs, such as polycondensation, reactive polymerization and ring-opening polymerization according to reaction mechanism. These methods are all environmental-friendly and high-efficient to generate HBPs, and are valuable for industrialization. In this work, we conclude some common methods of HBPs fabrication and make the comparison between them to analyze their advantages and disadvantages, which contribute in how to improve the synthesis process in the future research.

O potrzebie wprowadzenia ustawy referendalnej do systemu prawnego w Polsce

2021 ◽  
Vol 1(162) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Piotr Uziębło
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional System

The problems raised in the doctrine of constitutional law related to the implementation of a decision taken in a referendum in matters of particular importance to the state, as well as the generally marginal use of the institution of popular vote in the constitutional prac-tice, give rise to reflection on the introduction of the institution of a referendum law into the Polish constitutional system. In this article the author considers the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution, analyzing at the same time contemporary normative regulations concerning such acts in other countries. The research leads to the conclusion that despite the risks involved, the refer-endum law should appear in the Polish constitutional system in the future, as it would not only give a chance for a more complete reflection of the will of the collective subject of sovereignty without the necessity of its decoding by the parliament, but it could also be an impulse for the development of the referendum practice in the Republic of Poland. However, it is important to introduce proce-dural barriers that will prevent depreciation of this institution.

Hybrid Magnetorheological Elastomer, the Future of Gait Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Adiputra ◽  
Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin ◽  
Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Irfan Bahiuddin ◽  
Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Rotary Encoder ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Material ◽  
Foot Orthosis

This article aims to present a brief review on sensors used for gait detection in Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) application. Both the advantages and disadvantages of sensors such as EMG sensor, rotary encoder, foot switches, and force plate are highlighted in this article. Authors also addressed the four characteristics of sensors for gait detection; uniformity, installation, flexibility, and multi-measurement. In addition, the sensors were then compared based on the characteristics. The foot switch was identified as the most compatible sensor for gait detection. However, the sensor was also discovered to contain problems in its durability and uneven grounding. Consequently, the authors propose an introduction to a new material, hybrid Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE). Coincidentally, the mentioned material possesses attributes of thin dimensions with adjustable stiffness. The thin dimension allows the hybrid MRE to be placed under the AFO sole. Furthermore, with an accurate degree of stiffness, the hybrid MRE allows for adjustment leading to a higher level of durability of the sensors which remains fine even if stomped on the user. In conclusion, the authors propose a further study on hybrid MRE AFO for the next study.

scholarly journals Criminal liability for land damage under the legislation of the cis countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Sergej N. Bezugly ◽  
Galia G. Mikhaleva ◽  
Irina V. Savelieva ◽  
Oksana S. Shumilina ◽  
Natalia Yu. Zhilina
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The article includes consideration of the norms on land damage under the criminal legislation of the CIS countries, analysis of approaches to the legal regulation of land protection in criminal legislation. It is determined that not all criminal laws have the special rules protecting the land only. We analyzed the signs of land damage, revealed the specifics of objective signs of land damage, as well as analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of legal regulation in comparison. It is concluded that relations on the protection and rational use of land, ensuring environmental safety are very important for the uninterrupted provision of the population with a sufficient number of safe and affordable products in the future.

Regeneration of the root pole in surgically transected carrot embryos occurs by position-dependent, proximodistal replacement of missing tissues

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Schiavone ◽  
R.H. Racusen
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Surgical Margin ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Root Axis

Torpedo-stage carrot embryos were surgically transected at various locations along the shoot-root axis and explants of the cotyledon-bearing shoot pole were sectioned and examined in order to provide a more detailed description of root pole regeneration. When excisions occurred at the sites of the future hypocotyl, the future radicle or the future root apical meristem, the regenerating axial tissues exhibited patterns of cellular organization that were nearly identical to those seen in unsevered controls. To accomplish this restoration, new cells, of the type normally found at each cutting site, were produced behind a regeneration dome that formed over the original surgical site. The regeneration dome was displaced by division and expansion-driven extension of the longitudinal axis, and cells in the renewed region quickly acquired individual anatomical traits and collective tissue morphologies that corresponded to those of cells in the analogous locations in intact embryos. Although no clear mechanism is implied, the results of these experiments suggest that interactions between cells near the surgical margin permit them to retain their sense of location within the original structure, and apprise them of the removal of their basipetally positioned neighbors. With varying-length remnants of the shoot serving as the only vestige of the original size and shape of the embryo, cells close to the site of excision were apparently reconfigured to commence ordered divisions that ultimately reconstituted the embryonic axis.

REVISITING THE METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOIL EROSION RESEARCH

Ensemble ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-165
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Sarkar ◽  
◽  
Tapas Pal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Methodological Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Soil Erosion By Water

Soil erosion (by water) is a major land degradation process that may threat the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by its negative impact on environment and human well-being. Soil erosion research demands scientific methods, tools and techniques to assess soil erosion with more accuracy and reliability. Soil erosion research has had experienced crude field-based techniques in early twentieth century to model-based approaches since the 1970s and very recent machine learning and artificial intelligence models to predict soil erosion susceptibility and risk. The paper aims to review the trend in methodological development in soil erosion by water through time. The brief background of different approaches, their relative advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. Depending on the time of establishment and wide application the approaches are classified and represented as erosion plot/runoff approach, erosion pin technique followed by environmental tracer method and model approach in combination with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Recent advancement in artificial intelligence and application of statistical techniques have a great potential to contribute in soil erosion research by identifying various degrees of susceptibility in large scale and also to quantify the erosion rate with high accuracy. The Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) contribute to develop regional scale data base with exploration of real time data and spatial analysis. The combination of RS & GIS and process-based models must be more effective than the traditional soil erosion model in the context of prediction with greater reliability and validity. The future research on soil erosion is better to focus on the theoretical analysis and development of erosion prediction model with more quantitative refinement and to model the future.

Out-patients haemophilia treatment in hospital

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S22-S26
Author(s):  
G. Glaeske ◽  
W. Schramm ◽  
D. Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Care Service ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Broad Consensus

SummaryAlthough hospitals primarily provide treatment for in-patients, treatment is also given to a large number of out-patients. The law covering haemophilia patients, who receive their treatment as out-patients, actually has several different bases. This has advantages and disadvantages. The question concerning us: Which, at the moment, is the best legal basis for any care-agreement? Another important factor for any agreement between the two parties, is that there should be a broad consensus, based on shared interests.The common aim should be the future guarantee for the treatment of patients suffering from haemophilia in suitable medical facilities. At the same time care must be taken to provide an efficient and economically viable care-service for these patients, as well as ensuring that the quality and efficiency of the service remain transparent.

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