scholarly journals Possible IED Threat To Airport Premises During Security X-Ray Inspection

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Stanislav Lichorobiec ◽  
Karla Barčová
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Security Checks ◽  
Very High

Abstract The premises of international airports in CR are major air transport hubs as well as key elements of critical infrastructure, belonging to the very high risk category. Any infringement leading to limitation or complete shutdown would cause considerable economic and psychological damage. The most important task is to ensure high quality and reliable physical and technical protection of the airport, because especially in the summer months these areas collect large numbers of people and a possible terrorist attack could be fatal. This paper focuses on assessing the possibilities of solving the problem of IEDs hidden in travel luggage, and their initiation by X-rays during security checks.

scholarly journals A New Chapter in Hard X-rays of the M87 AGN

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ka-Wah Wong ◽  
Rodrigo S. Nemmen ◽  
Jimmy A. Irwin ◽  
Dacheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accretion Flow ◽  
Relativistic Jet ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
High Energy Emission ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

The nearby M87 hosts an exceptional relativistic jet. It has been regularly monitored in radio to TeV bands, but little has been done in hard X-rays ≳10 keV. For the first time, we have successfully detected hard X-rays up to 40 keV from its X-ray core with joint Chandra and NuSTAR observations, providing important insights to the X-ray origins: from the unresolved jet or the accretion flow. We found that the hard X-ray emission is significantly lower than that predicted by synchrotron self-Compton models introduced to explain very-high-energy γ -ray emission above a GeV. We discuss recent models to understand these high energy emission processes.

Rapid Photon-Excited Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Solid and Liquid Mineralogical Samples

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ratyński ◽  
J. Parus ◽  
J. Tys ◽  
A. Ciszek
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Semiconductor Detectors ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
On Line ◽  
Set Up

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is new becoming a tool in research and. industry. Semiconductor detectors are proving valuable in measuring fluorescent X rays, and so are providing a versatile tool for rapid multielement analysis of many types of samples. This paper will mainly be concerned with, different types of copper ore. An experimental setup has been designed to determine Cu, Fe and Pb of concentration ranging from 0.1 to 20, to 5, and to 4 percent, respectively, with analytical precision of 20% relative at 0.1% Cu, and 3% relative at 20% Cu. For excitation a 100 mCi Pu-238 source and/or a low power air-cooled X-ray tube were used. Data acquisition and “on-line” evaluation for each sample takes about 100 seconds. Electronics blocks and sub-systems used In the set-up are available commercially. The most important benefit to be obtained from the setup is the ability to provide precise, reproducible determinations of large numbers of samples day after day.

On the Primary X-Ray Analyzer

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuo Kimoto ◽  
Masayuki Sato ◽  
Hitoshi Kamada ◽  
Takuzi Ui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beams ◽  
Spectrochemical Analysis ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe primary X-ray analyzer is used for nondestructive spectrochemical analysis of solid specimens. Accelerated electron beams bombard the specimen surface directly and generate primary X-rays which are measured in a vacuum spectrometer. The method of primary X-ray spectroscopy is superior to the fluorescence X-ray spectroscopy because (1) detectable sensitivity for such light elements as magnesium and aluminum is very high, and (2) the correction of the measured value for self-absorption of X-rays by the specimen itself is low. The performance of the instrument and applications are reported.

Pulsed X-Ray Annealing of Arsenic-Implanted Silicon

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Sigmon ◽  
D. E. Osias ◽  
R. L. Schneider ◽  
C. Gilman ◽  
G. Dahlbacka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wafer Surface ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Density Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Unique Capability

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report experiments on annealing of arsenic-implanted silicon using a pulsed imploding-plasma X-ray source. Silicon wafers of <100> orientation were implanted with arsenic ions at 50 keV to a dose of 3.5 ∼ 1015 cm−2 and exposed to a single 50 ns pulse of X-rays in the energy density range of 0.15 to 0.55 J/cm2 The characteristic X-ray absorptiog coeificient in silicon for these experiments was 1.6 ∼ 10 cm−1, resulting in most of the energy being absorbed in the first 100 nm of the wafer surface.For wafers annealed in the energy density range of 0.3 to 0.4 J/cm2 backscattering and channeling measurements show recovery of the crystallinity of the damaged layer with incorporation of about 86% of the implanted arsenic onto substitutional lattice positions. Evidence of redistribution and flattening of the arsenic profile in the annealed wafer was observed in the backscattering data and confirmed by SIMS profiling. Detailed results on the electrical and structural properties of these annealed layers will be presented. High energy pulsed X-ray sources offer the unique capability of simultaneously exposing large numbers of wafers to an extremely uniform energy flux at much higher efficiencies than conventional lasers.

High-resolution fast-tomography brain-imaging beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang Hsin Chen ◽  
Shun-Min Yang ◽  
Kai-En Yang ◽  
Ching-Yu Chiu ◽  
Chia-Ju Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Very High

The new Brain Imaging Beamline (BIB) of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been commissioned and opened to users. The BIB and in particular its endstation are designed to take advantage of bright unmonochromatized synchrotron X-rays and target fast 3D imaging, ∼1 ms exposure time plus very high ∼0.3 µm spatial resolution. A critical step in achieving the planned performances was the solution to the X-ray induced damaging problems of the detection system. High-energy photons were identified as their principal cause and were solved by combining tailored filters/attenuators and a high-energy cut-off mirror. This enabled the tomography acquisition throughput to reach >1 mm3 min−1, a critical performance for large-animal brain mapping and a vital mission of the beamline.

scholarly journals MUTANTS PRODUCED BY X-IRRADIATION OF SPORES OF CHAETOMIUM GLOBOSUM AND A COMPARISON WITH THOSE PRODUCED BY ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION

1949 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ford ◽  
D. P. Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Theoretical Curve ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
X Irradiation

1. Mutants produced by x-irradiation of fungal spores of Chaetomium globosum have been compared with those produced by ultraviolet irradiation. 2. The most striking difference between the mutants produced by x-irradiation and ultraviolet irradiation is the absence in x-ray experiments of the K mutant which is produced in large numbers at short ultraviolet wave lengths. 3. A comparison is made of the relation between x-ray dose and numbers of lethal mutants, and the relation between the short ultraviolet wave length 2804 dose and numbers of lethal mutants. Both are compared with theoretical curves for 1, 2, 5, and 8 quantum hits. 4. The production of lethal mutants by x-rays is shown to be consistent with the theoretical curve for five quantum hits on the sensitive spot of the spore, whereas the production of lethal mutants by the ultraviolet wave length 2804 Å.u. is consistent with two quantum hits.

A Review of the Various Usages of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis in Biology

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Display System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Type Detector ◽  
Very High

The electron microscope fitted with an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer is a unique method for detecting the fine distribution of elements in fine structure by using a very small electron beam spot. The characteristic X-ray energy or wave length of the element can be ascertained by the aid of energy dispersive or wave length dispersive X-ray detectors with an amplifier and a display system. The energy dispersive type, which is a nuclear diode Si-detector (NDS), has very high inherent efficiency in detecting X-rays as compared to the wave length dispersive type detector. The NDS type detector system analyzes the elements from sodium to uranium simultaneously within a very short time. These characters are very useful for biological applications, although NDS has some characteristic demerits which cause difficulty in the identification of superimposed spectra, as will be described later.

Risk-Based Multi-Objective Cross-Asset Budget Planning and Allocation Framework for the City of Sugar Land Integrated Asset Management System (IAMS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1087724X2110466
Author(s):  
Alence Poudel ◽  
Ivan Damnjanovic ◽  
Quynh Van Tang ◽  
Robert Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Asset Management System ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High

An Integrated Asset Management System (IAMS) is a strategic asset management system that combines the assets of different categories into a system to prioritize their maintenance. This paper proposes a risk-based reliability-centric IAMS framework which works on the principle that the risk associated with the failure of an asset is a function of its direct and indirect costs. The direct costs are the costs associated with the replacement of the assets, whereas the indirect costs are the risks that the city faces following the failure. The framework is applied to the asset database of the City of Sugar Land, TX. The results of the model are analyzed in terms of a reduction in the number of assets in a very high-risk category in the risk matrix, the network level expected annual failure rate, and an increase in the network level average reliability.

Lung Cancer Detection from X-ray images by combined Backpropagation Neural Network and PCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5A) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Israa S. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Automated System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lung Cancer Detection ◽  
Ct And Mri

The lungs are portion of a complex unit, enlarging and relaxing numerus times every day to supply oxygen and exude CO2. Lung disease might occur from troubles in any part of it. Carcinoma often called Cancer is the generally rising and it is the most harmful disease happened in humankind. Carcinoma occurs because of uncontrolled growth of malignant cells inside the tissues of the lungs. Earlier diagnosis of cancer can help save large numbers of lives, while any delay or fail in detection may cause additional serious problems leading to sudden fatal death. The objective of this study is to design an automated system with an ability to improve the detection process in order to perform advanced recognition of the disease. The diagnosis techniques include: X-rays, MRI, CT images etc. X-ray is the common and low-cost technique that is widely used and it is relatively available for everyone. Rather than new techniques like CT and MRI, X-ray is human dependable, meaning it needs a Doctor and X-ray specialist in order to determine lung cases, so developing a system which can enhance and aid in diagnosis, can help specialist to determine cases in easily.

RECHERCHES SUR LA RÉSISTANCE DE L'ORME D'AMÉRIQUE AU CERATOCYSTIS ULMI

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles-Eugène Ouellet ◽  
René Pomerleau
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Very High

The selection conducted at L'Assomption, P.Q., from 1950 to 1963, has confirmed the very high susceptibility of the white elm (Ulmus americana L.) to the attack of Ceratocystis ulmi (Buis.) C. Moreau and the absence of resistant strains in nature. Thermal neutrons or X-ray treatment of seeds has not appreciably modified seedlings reaction to infection, except in 4 cases out of almost 150,000 in which no symptoms were apparent before the fifth annual inoculation or more. One individual has resisted nine consecutive tests and its cuttings did not take the infection after two assays. Resulting from a mutation produced by X-rays, this vigorous clone has a normal foliage but is of a smaller size than other elms of the same age. This case of immunity in the white elm is related to that of the Asiatic species and certain European strains also of slow-growing habit and resistant.

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