Enaction Through Co-speech Gesture: The Rhetorical Handing of the Mental Timeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Daniel Alcaraz Carrión ◽  
Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas ◽  
Javier Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
American Television

AbstractThis chapter will explore the embodied, enacted and embedded nature of co-speech gestures in the meaning-making process of time conceptualization. We will review three different contextualized communicative exchanges extracted from American Television interviews. First, we will offer a step-by-step form description of the different gesture realizations performed by the speakers as well as a brief description of the gaze fixation patterns. After that, we will offer a functional analysis which will interpret the gesturing patters in terms of their communicative goals on their respective communicative contexts as well as the complex interplay between verbal and non-verbal communication. The resulting interaction between speech, gesture and other bodily movements give rise to a dynamic system that allows for the construction of highly complex meanings: time co-speech gestures play a crucial role in the simulation of virtual anchors for complex mental networks that integrate conceptual and perceptual information.

Effects of the Gaze Fixation Position on AS-OCT Measurements of the Limbus and Extraocular Muscle Insertion Site Distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Risako Inagaki ◽  
Hiroko Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Haseoka ◽  
Shinji Arai ◽  
Yuri Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Fixation Position ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Muscle Insertion

Neoteny and Social Cognition: A Neuroscientific Perspective on Embodiment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Gallese
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evo Devo

The chapter will address the notion of embodiment from a neuroscientific perspective, by emphasizing the crucial role played by bodily relations and sociality on the evolution and development of distinctive features of human cognition. The neurophysiological level of description is here accounted for in terms of bodily-formatted representations and discussed by replying to criticisms recently raised against this notion. The neuroscientific approach here proposed is critically framed and discussed against the background of the Evo-Devo focus on a little explored feature of human beings in relation to social cognition: their neotenic character. Neoteny refers to the slowed or delayed physiological and/or somatic development of an individual. Such development is largely dependent on the quantity and quality of interpersonal relationships the individual is able to establish with her/his adult peers. It is proposed that human neoteny further supports the crucial role played by embodiment, here spelled out by adopting the explanatory framework of embodied simulation, in allowing humans to engage in social relations, and make sense of others’ behaviors.This approach can fruitfully be used to shed new light onto non propositional forms of communication and social understanding and onto distinctive human forms of meaning making, like the experience of man-made fictional worlds.

scholarly journals Eye movements do not play an important role in the adaptation of hand tracking to a visuomotor rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1967-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Gouirand ◽  
James Mathew ◽  
Eli Brenner ◽  
Frederic R. Danion
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Visuomotor Adaptation ◽  
Online Control ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Hand Tracking ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
The Gaze

Adapting hand movements to changes in our body or the environment is essential for skilled motor behavior. Although eye movements are known to assist hand movement control, how eye movements might contribute to the adaptation of hand movements remains largely unexplored. To determine to what extent eye movements contribute to visuomotor adaptation of hand tracking, participants were asked to track a visual target that followed an unpredictable trajectory with a cursor using a joystick. During blocks of trials, participants were either allowed to look wherever they liked or required to fixate a cross at the center of the screen. Eye movements were tracked to ensure gaze fixation as well as to examine free gaze behavior. The cursor initially responded normally to the joystick, but after several trials, the direction in which it responded was rotated by 90°. Although fixating the eyes had a detrimental influence on hand tracking performance, participants exhibited a rather similar time course of adaptation to rotated visual feedback in the gaze-fixed and gaze-free conditions. More importantly, there was extensive transfer of adaptation between the gaze-fixed and gaze-free conditions. We conclude that although eye movements are relevant for the online control of hand tracking, they do not play an important role in the visuomotor adaptation of such tracking. These results suggest that participants do not adapt by changing the mapping between eye and hand movements, but rather by changing the mapping between hand movements and the cursor’s motion independently of eye movements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Eye movements assist hand movements in everyday activities, but their contribution to visuomotor adaptation remains largely unknown. We compared adaptation of hand tracking under free gaze and fixed gaze. Although our results confirm that following the target with the eyes increases the accuracy of hand movements, they unexpectedly demonstrate that gaze fixation does not hinder adaptation. These results suggest that eye movements have distinct contributions for online control and visuomotor adaptation of hand movements.

Obstacle Avoidance in Simulated Environment Using Eye Tracking Technologies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Antonya ◽  
Florin Barbuceanu ◽  
Zolta´n Rusa´k ◽  
Doru Talaba ◽  
Silviu Butnariu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Avoidance Strategies ◽  
Human Eye Movements

The paper is investigating the relationship between human eye movements, correlated with the visual perception of computer generated scene on one hand and obstacle avoidance strategies on the other hand, during the process of driving a computer game-like car. Several issues were investigated regarding how the gaze fixation point of the driver is moving during obstacle avoidance maneuvers. The relevance of each issue in making a decision was assessed. The main goal is to establish a correlation (mapping) system between gaze fixation parameters and obstacles avoidance strategies in order to be able to develop cognitive algorithms for driver assistance in real world driving conditions, to monitor driver’s vigilance and ultimately to enable progress towards the autonomous vehicle which can avoid possible obstacles or resolve hazardous traffic situations just by monitoring the eye movements of the driver.

scholarly journals The chronotopes of authenticity

AILA Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 72-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Sjaak Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
New Economy ◽  
New Order ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Complex Project

This paper examines the ways in which the ethnic minority group the Tujia in Enshi, China, engages with heritage tourism, as a complex project of designing authenticity. Authenticity is taken as part of the chronotopic phenomena of identity making: the complex interplay of multiple, nonrandom timespace frames of discourses and semiotic performances which condition and offer new potentials to the meanings of authenticity. We show ethnographically the chronotopic nature of the local production of “authentic” heritage for tourism in Enshi. This leads to a historical grounding of the Tujia in China’s nation-building and state politics of multiculturalism, which uncovers the anxiety of inauthenticity experienced by the Tujia in Enshi with their own minority status and cultural heritage, as well as their strategic chronotopic incorporation of both “authentic” and “inauthentic” aspects of local identity practices into a new order of authenticity afforded by heritage tourism as a form of new economy. Through such practices, we argue, the Tujia in Enshi chronotopically shift away from the periphery towards a new and reconfigured center of meaning-making, although this reappropriation of authenticity still must be understood within the “cunning of recognition” scheme, i.e. within the constraints of late modernity.

Functional analysis of the cfdp1 gene in zebrafish provides evidence for its crucial role in craniofacial development and osteogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 361 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Celauro ◽  
Silvia Carra ◽  
Adriana Rodriguez ◽  
Franco Cotelli ◽  
Patrizio Dimitri
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Craniofacial Development

scholarly journals BORROWINGS FROM ENGLISH IN A PHILIPPINE REGIONAL LANGUAGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Fina Felisa Lavalle alcudia ◽  
Ma. AsMa. Asuncion uncion Christine V. Dequilla ◽  
Daisy A Rosano
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Descriptive Method

This sociolinguistic study was conducted in conjunction with a project on the development of a course syllabus and instructional materials for the teaching of Hiligaynon as mother tongue in Region VI Western Visayas, Philippines. A corpora of the first one thousand commonly used in Hiligaynon was developed through an adopted concordancing software. Derived from corpus linguistics, a corpora study is a descriptive method of studying language in context and is ideal for a functional-based analysis of language (Meyer, 2004). The words were culled from various genres in the local language. These were analyzed for meaning, part of speech, and level of usage in Hiligaynon discourse. The corpora, however, yielded codes borrowed from English. A semantic, syntactic, and functional analysis of the words led to the following categories: adapted words, convenient alternative words, words occurring in compound nouns, indigenized spelling, indigenized pronunciation, and clipped words. The results imply that a purist approach in teaching mother tongue will limit the learners’ acquisition of vocabulary words and skills in meaning-making. It is recommended that language teachers take an eclectic posturing that considers multi-modalities, translanguaging, authenticity, linguistic resourcing, and entextualization.

scholarly journals THE REPRESENTATION OF EXPERIENCE IN UNDERGRADUATE BUSINESS STUDENTS’ TEXTS: A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL MEANING MAKING RESOURCES IN MARKETING TEXTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Hesham Suleiman Alyousef
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Mathematical Symbolism ◽  
Written Assignments ◽  
Model Texts ◽  
Undergraduate Business Students

From the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) standpoint, experiential meanings reflect our experience, perceptions, and consciousness. Research on experiential meaningmaking in tertiary contexts has traditionally focused on areas such as mathematics, journalism and media, science and computing, nursing, and history. This paper aims to investigate the experiential multimodal meanings in an undergraduate marketing course. The data comprised three written assignments and the tutor’s two model texts. The study employed a multidimensional approach by Alyousef (2013), which is framed by SFL (Halliday 2014) and O’Halloran’s (2005, 1998, 2008, 1999) multisemiotic framework for the analysis of semiotic codes in mathematics. The results showed that the experiential meanings in the students’ marketing plan texts were primarily construed through material processes and both explicit and implicit relational identifying processes. The findings indicated how mathematical symbolism is encoded in the multisemiotic texts, in the most economical manner, by using grammatical strategies of structural condensation. The results also noted the extent to which the different modes of meaning were integrated in the texts.

Jewish, Queer-ish, Trans, and Completely Revolutionary: Jill Soloway's Transparent and the New Television

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Villarejo
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
American Television ◽  
Queer People ◽  
Location Shooting ◽  
Television Representation

To judge by the critical enthusiasm with which the second season of Amazon Prime's Transparent (2014–) series has been embraced, Jill Soloway not only has a big trans-affirmative hit on her hands but has succeeded in stimulating a lively conversation about queerness, trans politics, and television representation within the broader society. If the first season of that imaginative lifeworld stressed Maura's transgender emergence through the manipulation of the gaze, the second season expands into queer territory in several ways. Real life, or life seemingly offscreen, has always bled into American television, whether through location shooting, topical references, stars' relationships, or just the indexical details of sound and image. Like cinema, that is, television has always been a documentary of what it records, even in the most minimal sense. What's new is that overtly queer people now make television, and they are seeking to blend details of their queer lifeworlds with the sounds and images of television and the cultural industries elaborated here. Understanding the nature of this blend helps to more accurately pinpoint the conceptions of religion, gender, and sexuality that Soloway brings to Transparent and wants to explore through its textures and detail.

scholarly journals Performing television history

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Television History ◽  
Multiple Meaning ◽  
American Television ◽  
Television Medium

An expanded conception of performance study can disturb current theoretical and historical assumptions about television’s medial identity. The article considers how to write histories of the dominant forms and assumptions about performance in British and American television drama and analyses how acting is situated in relation to the multiple meaning-making components of television. A longitudinal, wide-ranging analysis is briefly sketched to show that the concept of performance, from acting to the display of television’s mediating capability, can extend to the analysis of how the television medium ‘performed’ its own identity to shape its distinctiveness in specific historical circumstances.

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