Grammar and Interaction: Reported Discourse and Subjunctive in German

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Golato
Keyword(s):  
Background Information ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Indirect Discourse ◽  
Reported Discourse ◽  
Interactional Functions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grammar And Interaction

AbstractThe present study investigates the relationship between grammar and interaction, specifically, the forms and interactional functions of direct and indirect discourse in spoken German. The study demonstrates that quotatives and the grammatical form of quotes are context-sensitive; that is, depending on the current actions (either providing background information, telling stories, telling troubles, or giving explanations), interactants select different quotation formats. The use of the subjunctive or

Native Communities, Museums and Collaboration

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAllyn Archambault
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although this article concerns itself primarily with the relationship of contemporary American Indians to American museums, I want to place it within a larger historical frame than is commonly done. Americans generally have a poor sense of history and we often reinvent the wheel in the name of innovation and creativity. In the atmosphere of postmodern anthropology this is often the case as personal experience trumps orthodoxy or convention. Accordingly, I will provide some background information that provides greater context to modern situations.

Religion and the Public School Curriculum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teaching Religion ◽  
Humanistic Study ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides background information on the relationship between religion and public schools and then describes the different kinds of religion courses currently offered in some public schools. While the US Supreme Court has banned compulsory devotional religious exercises, it has not banned the nondevotional teaching of religion. The different types of religion courses command different kinds of justifications, and the legal and educational merits of these justifications are presented. The author concludes by proposing a case for teaching religion that is both constitutionally and educationally acceptable. This case rests upon the importance of the development of autonomy to the liberal tradition, and it shows how the teaching of religion as a humanistic study can serve this ideal.

Study of Earthquake Data for Cumulative Absolute Velocity and Acceleration Peak Value

2014 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 741-746
Author(s):  
Jie Ning Xia ◽  
Zhi Gao Chen ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Jiang Yang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lushan Earthquake ◽  
Absolute Velocity ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Cumulative Absolute Velocity ◽  
Observation Systems ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Earthquake Observation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peak Value

Characteristics of cumulative absolute velocity parameter (CAV) of Lushan earthquake is discussed and presented in this paper. Based on a brief analysis of the background information of the Lushan earthquake, the value of CAV which is calculated from the recorded data of the Lushan earthquake is compared with the commonly used value peak ground acceleration (PGA). Accordingly, the relationship between the CAV and the PGA is studied, and 3 CAV/PGA ratio charts in 3 different sub-directions are obtained. Then the linear fitting operation and the polynomial fitting operation are performed to analyze the potential discipline and characteristics thereof. The applicability of utilizing the CAV parameter in earthquake observation systems is further studied in this paper, and the CAV parameter is cooperated with the currently used value PGA to provide the work of earthquake observation and emergency response with corresponding theoretical basis.

scholarly journals Small but Multi-functional: Response Tokens in Content Language Integrated Learning Interaction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Sabria Salama Jawhar
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interactional Functions ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is an investigation of language use inside a content language integrated learning (CLIL) classroom at Saudi tertiary level. It examines the difference in language use between teachers and students in four subject-specific classrooms in which English is used as a medium of instruction. The study is informed by corpus linguistics (CL) and uses the principles and theoretical underpinning of conversation analysis (CA). It identifies the most frequent linguistic features of CLIL and examines their diverse interactional functions in this context. Amongst the most frequent linguistic features in CLIL are short response tokens such as “yes” and “no”. Using a micro-analytic approach to conversation analysis, a closer look at the data shows the students’ ability to use small and limited linguistic resources to accomplish multiple interactional functions such as taking the floor, taking turns and, most importantly, displaying orientation to knowledge. The data reflected the relationship between frequency and meaning construction. With regard to the difference in language use between teachers and students with regard to comes to short response tokens, the study shows some common interactional uses of response tokens between teachers and students, such as agreement, acknowledgement, response to confirmation checks and yes/no questions. On the other hand, it shows some exclusive interactional use of the same token by teachers and students. Finally, the paper emphasises the relationship of language, interaction and orientation to content knowledge in CLIL classrooms. Pedagogically, the findings have implications for teachers’ language use and for increased classroom interaction.

scholarly journals Reflections on the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (England and Wales)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Domestic Violence Prevention ◽  
The Relationship

The Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (DVDS) aims to reduce harm through improving access to background information for people with concerns about a romantic partner’s behaviour. This reduction is predicated on the disclosure recipient taking steps to ensure their safety, either by managing the situation or ending the relationship. As fewer than half of the thousands of annual applications result in disclosures, and no information is held about any subsequent steps taken by applicants or recipients, it is unclear whether or not the DVDS is actually reducing domestic violence. Nonetheless, Scotland and Northern Ireland have implemented their own variations of this policy, as have some Canadian and Australian states.<br />This policy analysis draws on empirical research into the DVDS in terms of its national and local operation in order to assess the strengths and limitations of its capacity to reduce harm. The analysis outlines how the policy may be difficult to access; deflect – rather than prevent – harm; shift safeguarding responsibilities onto the most vulnerable; and be incorrectly interpreted in terms of outcome. The paper makes recommendations for improvement in order to enhance the policy’s efficacy.<br />key messagesDomestic violence prevention policies which require active citizenship may be less effective at preventing victimisation.<br />The monitoring of outcomes following a DVDS application/disclosure is required.<br />Care needs to be taken to ensure engagement with the DVDS does not put people at a greater risk of harm.

scholarly journals The ‘one man company’ after Patel v Mirza: attribution and illegality in Singularis Holdings v Daiwa Capital Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. OA35-OA48
Author(s):  
James C Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
High Water ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

This note discusses the UK Supreme Court’s decision in Singularis Holdings v Daiwa Capital Markets in the context of other recent decisions on corporate attribution and the illegality principle in English law. It particularly considers Daiwa’s implications for the relationship between the illegality doctrine and other legal principles in the wake of Patel v Mirza. The court employed a context-sensitive, teleological approach to attribution, one consequence of which was the conclusive consignment of the House of Lords’ decision in Stone & Rolls Ltd v Moore Stephens to irrelevance. It nonetheless privileges orthodox, pre-Patelian authority in the disposal of the case. The court’s approach suggests that Patel is perceived as the high-water mark for expansive, policy-sensitive understanding of the illegality principle, and that its disruptive potential is likely to be carefully constrained in future decisions of the Supreme Court.

scholarly journals Interpretation Bias in Breast Cancer Survivors Experiencing Fear of Cancer Recurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Tuman ◽  
Kailey E. Roberts ◽  
Geoffrey Corner ◽  
Courtney Beard ◽  
Carol Fadalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Fear Of Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Fear Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a prevalent and persistent challenge that many cancer survivors endure. While the role of interpretation bias, a tendency to perceive ambiguous situations as threatening, has been established in the onset and maintenance of FCR, few studies have examined cancer-related interpretation bias specifically. Grounded in the cognitive formulation of FCR, the current study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the relationship between cancer-related interpretation bias, FCR, and somatic symptoms, and examining whether bias mediates the relationship between somatic symptoms and FCR.Materials and Methods: This study used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive bias modification intervention. Breast cancer survivors (n = 110) provided demographic and medical background information as well as self-report measures of FCR and severity of somatic symptoms. A computer-based assessment of interpretation bias was used to measure cancer-related interpretation bias on several bias indices: percentage of cancer-related threat endorsement, and percentage of benign endorsement; mean reaction time (RT) for threat, and mean RT for benign endorsement.Results: Higher threat endorsement was linked to higher Overall Fear and emerged as a mediator of the relationship between overall somatic symptoms and Overall Fear. We also found that older age was related to longer benign endorsement RT.Conclusion: This study contributes understanding of factors related to cancer-related interpretation bias and provides evidence that bias may influence the relationship between somatic symptoms and FCR in cancer survivors.

Conversation and Grammar

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 235-261
Author(s):  
Haeyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Interactional Functions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Korean Linguistics ◽  
Order Variability

Abstract. The last decade has seen considerable research on conversation and grammar, influenced by the conversation-analytic research of Sacks et al. (1974). Inspired by that line of research, some Korean linguists have examined conversation by adopting the assumptions and methodology of conversation analysis (CA) into discourse analysis. This study introduces basic assumptions and research topics relating to CA, and explores the possibility of adopting CA methodology into dis-course analysis in Korean linguistics. This paper first provides a brief overview of basic assumptions, methodology, and major research topics of CA and the development of conversation-analytic dis-course studies. Then it provides a brief overview of some major findings and research topics in the interaction-based studies which have dealt with conversational data in Korean linguistics in terms of: (i) turn-taking, turn-constructional units, and turn increments, (ii) interactional functions of certain clausal connectives and sentence-ending suffixes, and (iii) other interaction-based studies on such topics as repair, demonstratives, reported speech, and so on. This research discusses how interaction-based research can provide a new way of viewing language functions; it explores: (i) turn-taking and co-construction; (ii) word-order variability, turn increments, repair, and retroactive elaboration; (iii) a conversation-analytic approach to the clausal connective -nuntey, and (iv) an interactional ap-proach to the verbal affixes -ese and -nikka in conversation, among others. Overall, this paper shows what has been, and needs to be, studied regarding the relationship between conversation, social action, and grammar in conversation in Korean linguistics.

The interactional functions of the Japanese demonstratives in conversation

Pragmatics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Naruoka
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Spontaneous Interaction ◽  
Interactional Functions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Level Analysis

Although a large number of studies are conducted on Japanese demonstratives, most of them explain referential functions of the three demonstrative types (the so-called proximal ko-, medial so-, and distal a-) based on sentence-level analysis, and little previous work has been directed toward the analysis of the demonstrative use in spontaneous interaction. This study employs Japanese conversational data and examines the demonstrative usages whose main function is NOT to refer to some entity in the speech situation or the discourse. From the analysis, the paper shows that the use of Japanese demonstratives can exhibit and emphasize an interactional meaning, such as the speaker’s antipathy, insult, suspicion, surprise, and affection toward the referent, and that it can be selected from among other choices, such as a noun phrase or ellipsis, when the speaker is willing to express these emotions or attitudes. In order to understand the process of expressing these emotions or attitudes, the paper applies Hanks’ (1990, 1992) ‘indexical framework’ and the interactionally defined notion of the speaker’s and addressee’s sphere proposed by Laury (1997) and Enfield (2003). Using these frameworks, this study illustrates that the relationship among the speaker’s and addressee’s spheres and the referent, as well as the context in which the three are projected, are not static or predefined but instead are flexible and do change during ongoing interaction.

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