scholarly journals Redewiedergabe in Online-Pressetexten – kontrastiv

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-176
Author(s):  
Anneliese Pitz ◽  
Kåre Solfjeld
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Structural Variety ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract This article looks into what structures are used to report longer sequences of speech in German, English and Norwegian online press media. In German the subjunctive is used to signal speech report, and so there is a wider range of structural possibilities in German than in English and Norwegian, which have no counterparts to the subjunctive. The study is corpus-based and identifies and compares recurring patterns in reported sequences in the three languages, as well as type and range of verbs of utterance. The concept of syntactical integration of the reported speech and markers of report (Leistner 2016) is central. The study shows that also in the two languages without subjunctive the source of a text part is in general clear: The reader knows whether the text part stems from the journalist or from a reported person. The structural variety in German is outweighed by long sequences of direct speech in English and Norwegian, unambiguously identified as report. This seems to entail a stronger obligation to the wording of the original in English and Norwegian than in German, which on the other hand displays a stronger structural variation.

scholarly journals Logophoric speech is not indirect: towards a syntactic approach to reported speech constructions

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Nikitina ◽  
Anna Bugaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Direct Discourse ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Syntactic Properties

Abstract The distinction between direct and indirect speech has long been known not to reflect the crosslinguistic diversity of speech reporting strategies. Yet prominent typological approaches remain firmly grounded in that traditional distinction and look to place language-specific strategies on a universal continuum, treating them as deviations from the “direct” and “indirect” ideals. We argue that despite their methodological attractiveness, continuum approaches do not provide a solid basis for crosslinguistic comparison. We aim to present an alternative by exploring the syntax of logophoric speech, which has been commonly treated in the literature as representative of “semi-direct” discourse. Based on data from two unrelated languages, Wan (Mande) and Ainu (isolate), we show that certain varieties of logophoric speech share a number of syntactic properties with direct speech, and none with indirect speech. Many of the properties of indirect speech that are traditionally described in terms of perspective follow from its syntactically subordinate status. Constructions involving direct and logophoric speech, on the other hand, belong to a separate, universal type of structure. Our findings suggest that the alleged direct/indirect continuum conflates two independent aspects of speech reporting: the syntactic configuration in which the report is integrated, and language-specific meaning of indexical elements.

scholarly journals Thoughts as such

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Vojislav Bozickovic
Keyword(s):  
Specific Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Widespread View

Sainsbury has contested the widespread view that Fregean senses as individuated by modes of presentation are capable of being individuated independently of the needs of semantics. He also holds that there are meanings as something similar to Fregean senses but individuated by a combination of the demands of a reported speech and a Fregean test in terms of rational cotenability (Sainsbury 2002, p. 155). In so doing, he claims that meanings can be finer-grained than senses (modes of presentation). But, in arguing in favour of this view, Sainsbury seems to individuate senses as modes of presentation on an independent basis. Having noticed this, my key point will be that, whether he individuates these modes on an independent basis or not, it is mysterious what role such modes are supposed to play. Following this, we shall see that the demands of a reported speech are of no help in establishing the point that Sainsbury wants to make. On the other hand, on the account that will I suggest senses as modes of presentation are introduced to play a specific role.

scholarly journals Does reported speech influence listeners’ choice of perspective in the interpretation of spatial prepositions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Ariska I. Bonnema ◽  
Vera Hukker ◽  
Petra Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Verification Task ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Spatial Prepositions ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Mere Presence

Abstract Linguistic cues can encourage adults to adopt an other-centric rather than an egocentric perspective. This study investigated whether the presence of direct speech compared to indirect speech influences listeners’ choice of perspective when interpreting the Dutch spatial prepositions voor ‘in front of’ and achter ‘behind’. Dutch adults and 10 to 12-year-old children were tested in a sentence-picture verification task. Contrary to expectations, we found no difference between direct and indirect speech (Study 1), nor did we find a difference between reported and non-reported speech (Study 2). Most adult listeners adopted the contrasting perspective of the speaker, irrespective of how the information about the reported speech was expressed. We did find a difference between adults and children: children adopted the other person’s perspective less often than adults did. Overall, the results suggest that the mere presence of a reported speaker already is a cue for taking this speaker’s perspective.

scholarly journals Ivan Karamazov as a Philosophical Type—but which one?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Kåre Johan Mjør
Keyword(s):  
Structural Organization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Moral Sensibility ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
The One

The article analyses a set of philosophical statements made by and attributed to Ivan Karamazov in Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov, in order to answer the question as to what kind of philosophy Ivan may be said to express in the novel. My close reading reveals that there is a significant distinction between, on the one hand,  Ivan's most radical statements, that is his rational egoism and the idea that "everything is permitted," which are always given in reported speech, and on the other the “Ivan of direct speech,” a character characterized by far more moral sensibility (e.g. in the Pro et contra part). On the basis of these findings the article seeks to bring together two traditions in the reception of Dostoevsky—the philosophical and the narratological. By letting these approaches inform one another I suggest ways in which the structural organization of the text is itself a bearer of philosophical meaning. Moreover, the article takes seriously Bakhtin's claim that Dostoevsky's heroes are not merely stable representations of ideas, but engage with them through dialogue and encounters with others, as exemplified by Ivan Karamazov himself as well as by other characters' responses to his articulations. 

On Homer's Winged Words

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Vivante
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Other Hand

In Virgil, as in modern narrative, the act of saying is barely mentioned or left out altogether. At times the transition from indirect to direct speech comes abruptly, without warning (Aen. 2. 657 ff., 675 ff., 10. 825 ff.). On the other hand, the stress falls on the speaker's position within the general narrative. We are thus drawn away from the actuality of speech to a broader frame of reference. The characters seem to be more concerned with the distant implications of the action than with the present moment. Their motivations and fortunes cover the years. They merge, therefore, into legend, history, romance; and the words they speak illustrate their extending roles.

The use of reported speech and the perceived neutrality of court interpreters

Interpreting ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. F Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Likert Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Mock Trial ◽  
Professional Titles ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Consecutive Interpreting

A mock trial, with two-way consecutive interpreting between Cantonese and English, was used to test perceptions of a court interpreter’s neutrality when interpreting into Cantonese in reported rather than direct speech. Monolingual Cantonese speakers played the part of witnesses using the interpreter. Three groups were created: a control group (16 participants), receiving interpretation of all English utterances into Cantonese in direct speech; and two experimental groups (17 participants each). The experimental groups received interpretation with occasional switches to reported speech. These were introduced by third person pronouns (e.g., “he said”) for one group (the ‘pronoun group’), and by professional titles (e.g., “the judge said”) for the other group (the ‘title group’). Participants afterwards completed a questionnaire, assessing neutrality and alignment on a 5-point Likert scale. The title group not only perceived the interpreter to be aligned with the English speakers, but also gave a significantly different assessment of neutrality from the control group. The pronoun group perceived the interpreter to be aligned with them, but did not differ significantly from the control group in their perception of neutrality. Use of pronouns or professional titles in the reporting clauses thus affected the interpreter’s perceived neutrality differently.

Telling the world how skilful you are: Self-praise strategies on LinkedIn

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Tobback
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

Self-praise has traditionally been interpreted as a potentially face threatening act, which infringes the ‘Modesty Maxim’ proposed by Leech. Certain discourse genres, however, like application letters, job interviews or the LinkedIn summaries which are the research object of this article serve, by definition, to promote the professional as skilful. Hence, the question arises to what extent these discourse genres take into account the (potentially) risky nature of self-praise. On the basis of a corpus of some 90 French and US LinkedIn summaries, this article shows, on one hand, that besides asserting explicitly which competent identity and skills one has, LinkedIn-members use a whole array of more or less subtle indirect strategies to express skilfulness, including strategies pertaining to the area of reported speech. On the other hand, the analysis reveals that downgrading devices are hardly attested, contrary to upgrading modifiers, which also exhibit a remarkable variation.

Ælfric's use of discourse in some saints' lives

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 83-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Broad Category ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

A writer can put direct speech into the mouths of the characters within his story or he can report their speech indirectly, and his use of different methods of presenting or suggesting their speech is one of his most potent means of creating characterization and of controlling the effect of his story. In general the character who is given direct speech is more dramatically effective, more ‘real’, than the one who is represented through indirect speech; on the other hand, the many gradations within the broad category of ‘indirect speech’ allow the writer much more scope in the variety of function and the subtlety of effect that can be created. This is as true of early writers as of the modern novelist, and Ælfric is one who was clearly aware of the potentiality of both direct and indirect speech in reinforcing the message which he wished to bring home to his audience. This can be illustrated especially well from the saints' lives which he derived from Bede, where the source is more exactly known than it usually is and where comparison is possible not only with the Latin but also with the earlier Old English translation.

scholarly journals A null theory of scrambling

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-405
Author(s):  
Hubert Haider
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract Grammars are decomposable. On the one hand, an adequate characterization of a given utterance factorizes the contributions of each subsystem of grammar and on the other hand, it thereby reduces the apparent overall complexity to the interaction of less complex subsystems. Scrambling is an apt showcase. Its complicated properties are not inherent properties of a syntactic construction but the result of the interaction of phrase structuring with other subsystems of grammar, and in particular with the information-structuring (IS) subsystem of pragmatics. Scrambling is “utilized” rather than “triggered”. In general, when syntax admits structural variation, this potential is captured and utilized by other subsystems of grammar. Germanic and Slavic languages are handy testimonies for rejecting syntactic trigger scenarios not only for scrambling but also for other constructions with displaced items. Cross-linguistically, scrambling is not a matter of syntactical determinism. For an adequate syntactical account of scrambling it is sufficient to understand and explain the structural conditions that make a language a scrambling language. The pragmatic functions that utilize scrambling structures are not a concern of syntax. They are syntactically not causal and epiphenomenal to syntax.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document