Über das Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradoxon / On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mittelstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Epr Paradox ◽  
Realistic Interpretation ◽  
Epr Experiment ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Ordinary Quantum

The EPR experiment is analysed in terms of ordinary quantum mechanics and shown to be compatible with the orthodox interpretation of this theory. There is no need to refer to Bohrs resolution of the EPR paradox, nor is it necessary to assume any further unusual properties of the quantum physical reality. In particular, it is shown that the EPR experiment does not contradict the fact that incommensurable properties cannot be objectivized simultaneously in a quantum mechanical system, and that the measuring process can be understood in terms of quantum theory as an interaction of the measuring apparatus and the object system. From these results it follows that there is no reason to search for modifications of the quantum theory which might be more convenient for a realistic interpretation of the EPR experiment. Furthermore, the EPR experiment cannot be used as a motivation for introducing hidden variables into the quantum theory. Experimental investigations which try to test quantum mechanics in respect to the possibility of introducing local hidden variables can therefore not be justified by the EPR paradox.

scholarly journals Every Entangled Stuff Has Its Own Avatar

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Mastriani
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Epr Paradox ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Superluminal Signaling ◽  
Incomplete Theory ◽  
Non Locality

During the last century, entanglement was the bone of contention between the two main pillars of Physics: General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Mechanics (QM). This began in 1935 with the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (EPR paradox) which concluded that although Quantum Mechanics is not wrong, it is an incomplete theory to represent physical reality. In this paper it is demonstrated that some byproducts resulting from entanglement and which we will call avatars act as a hinge that link both theories making the completeness of QM clear. Moreover, a thorough analysis of the non-locality of this effect will be carried out. Besides, it is demonstrated that entanglement is an instantaneous phenomenon and that it does not require the use of a superluminal signaling for this purpose. Finally, the avatars will also appear in each wormhole resulting from an entanglement process (WREP) demonstrating that they are traversable with an equivalent path of null length which can be crossed in a null time with all that this implies in Quantum Communications.

Quantum field theory motivated model for the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen (EPR) experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 895-899
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Schatten ◽  
Verne L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Random Vector ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Epr Experiment ◽  
Vector Information ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Charged Leptons

Bell deduced the nature and form of “nonlocal hidden variables” that could yield the unusual pattern of responses in the paradoxical Bohm (B-EPR) version of the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen (EPR) experiment. We consider that quantum field theory (QFT) allows for the existence of Bell’s hidden variables in the “dressing” of free electrons that may explain the EPR experimental results. Specifically, the dressing of free electrons can convey random vector information. Motivated by this, we use a random vector paradigm (RVP) to explore how well a Monte Carlo computer program compares with the experimental B-EPR statistics. In this algorithm, the random vector provides a unique fingerprint that allows these charged leptons to bear unique responses when their spin is read by Stern–Gerlach detectors. The program’s numerical results compare well with Bell’s experimental summary. This work offers the opportunity to consider that virtual particles play a role in understanding the origins of quantum mechanics (QM)’s unique entanglement and probabilistic behaviors.

PROBING BELL'S INEQUALITY WITH CLASSICAL SYSTEMS

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. FERRY
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Optical Polarization ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Epr Paradox ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
Quantum Behavior

From the early days of quantum mechanics, there has been a discussion on the concept of reality, exemplified by the EPR paradox. To many, the idea of the paradox and the possibility of local hidden variables was dismissed by the Bell inequality. Yet, there remains considerable evidence that this inequality can be violated even by classical systems, so that experiments showing quantum behavior and the violation of the inequality must be questioned. Here, we demonstrate that classical optical polarization experiments can be shown to violate the Bell inequality. Hence, such experiments cannot be used to distinguish between classical and quantum theories.

scholarly journals q-OSCILLATORS, NON-KÄHLER MANIFOLDS AND CONSTRAINED DYNAMICS

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEI V. SHABANOV
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Kähler Manifolds ◽  
Kahler Manifolds ◽  
Constrained Dynamics ◽  
Commutation Relations ◽  
Ordinary Quantum

It is shown that q-deformed quantum mechanics (systems with q-deformed Heisenberg commutation relations) can be interpreted as an ordinary quantum mechanics on Kähler manifolds, or as a quantum theory with second- (or first-) class constraints.

THE EINSTEIN–PODOLSKY–ROSEN PROPOSITION ON QUANTUM THEORY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INTUITIVE CLASSICAL LOGIC

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ESKANDARIAN
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Classical Logic ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Completeness Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Intense Research

Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen raised foundational questions about the completeness of quantum mechanics, if certain intuitive logical statements regarding the nature of reality were assumed to be true. These questions are ultimately of significance to the information content of the theory, which is currently the focus of intense research. In this presentation, selected investigations that have made progress in addressing the EPR concerns and that shed light on the nature of quantum states are surveyed. The implications for intuitive classical logic are speculated in the concluding remarks.

scholarly journals The End of a Classical Ontology for Quantum Mechanics?

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Peter W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Obvious Consequence ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Causal Structures

In this paper, I argue that the Shrapnel–Costa no-go theorem undermines the last remaining viability of the view that the fundamental ontology of quantum mechanics is essentially classical: that is, the view that physical reality is underpinned by objectively real, counterfactually definite, uniquely spatiotemporally defined, local, dynamical entities with determinate valued properties, and where typically ‘quantum’ behaviour emerges as a function of our own in-principle ignorance of such entities. Call this view Einstein–Bell realism. One can show that the causally symmetric local hidden variable approach to interpreting quantum theory is the most natural interpretation that follows from Einstein–Bell realism, where causal symmetry plays a significant role in circumventing the nonclassical consequences of the traditional no-go theorems. However, Shrapnel and Costa argue that exotic causal structures, such as causal symmetry, are incapable of explaining quantum behaviour as arising as a result of noncontextual ontological properties of the world. This is particularly worrying for Einstein–Bell realism and classical ontology. In the first instance, the obvious consequence of the theorem is a straightforward rejection of Einstein–Bell realism. However, more than this, I argue that, even where there looks to be a possibility of accounting for contextual ontic variables within a causally symmetric framework, the cost of such an account undermines a key advantage of causal symmetry: that accepting causal symmetry is more economical than rejecting a classical ontology. Either way, it looks like we should give up on classical ontology.

scholarly journals Is the Devil in h?

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Andrei Khrennikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Epr Argument ◽  
Projection Postulate ◽  
The Devil

This note is a part of my effort to rid quantum mechanics (QM) nonlocality. Quantum nonlocality is a two faced Janus: one face is a genuine quantum mechanical nonlocality (defined by the Lüders’ projection postulate). Another face is the nonlocality of the hidden variables model that was invented by Bell. This paper is devoted the deconstruction of the latter. The main casualty of Bell’s model is that it straightforwardly contradicts Heisenberg’s uncertainty and Bohr’s complementarity principles generally. Thus, we do not criticize the derivation or interpretation of the Bell inequality (as was done by numerous authors). Our critique is directed against the model as such. The original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument assumed the Heisenberg’s principle without questioning its validity. Hence, the arguments of EPR and Bell differ crucially, and it is necessary to establish the physical ground of the aforementioned principles. This is the quantum postulate: the existence of an indivisible quantum of action given by the Planck constant. Bell’s approach with hidden variables implicitly implies rejection of the quantum postulate, since the latter is the basis of the reference principles.

scholarly journals Thought Experiment as a Logical Transformation in Transreal Logical Space

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gomide
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Epr Paradox ◽  
Logical Space ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
American Physicist ◽  
The Ideal

In this article, from the concepts of formal causality and logical transformation, defined with transreal numbers, I intend to re-analyze the famous Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen paradox (the EPR paradox), according to which Quantum Mechanics is incomplete. In order to make such an analysis of the paradox, I present a general definition of thought experiments, in terms of the concept of logical transformation in a transreal logical space, and show that the EPR paradox, in broad outlines, bases the incomplete character of Quantum Mechanics on the fact of not having a formal causality between the ideal and concrete worlds of quantum theory - these concepts, the “ideal and concrete worlds”, by their turn, are inspired by the work of the American physicist Wolfgang Smith.

scholarly journals QUANTUM META-THEORY (Twisting the Tail of Schrödinger’s Cat)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rescher
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Quantum Reality ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Meta Theory

The problem of Schrödinger’s Cat has figured prominently in the debates about the bearing of quantum physics on our understanding of physical reality. On its basis, various theorists have maintained the quantum physical world exhibits a probabilistically indecisive physical reality. The analysis of the paper that this appeal to quantum reality is methodologically at odds with and disjoint from its underlying approach to quantum theory itself. If there is to be methodological uniformity at this juncture it will have to be along the lines that Einstein always focused—an incomplete hidden factor (perhaps better than “hidden variables”) approach.

scholarly journals Parallel Lives: A Local-Realistic Interpretation of “Nonlocal” Boxes

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Brassard ◽  
Paul Raymond-Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Local Realism ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Realistic Interpretation ◽  
Parallel Lives

We carry out a thought experiment in an imaginary world. Our world is both local and realistic, yet it violates a Bell inequality more than does quantum theory. This serves to debunk the myth that equates local realism with local hidden variables in the simplest possible manner. Along the way, we reinterpret the celebrated 1935 argument of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, and come to the conclusion that they were right in their questioning the completeness of the Copenhagen version of quantum theory, provided one believes in a local-realistic universe. Throughout our journey, we strive to explain our views from first principles, without expecting mathematical sophistication nor specialized prior knowledge from the reader.

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