Comparative analysis of domestic psychologists and ergonomists’ publication activity using citation indices

The advantages and disadvantages of indices for assessing scientists’ activities using the scientometric databases Web of Science (USA), Scopus (EU) and RSCI (RF) are considered. It is proposed to use such indicators as the citation index and the publication relevance index to objectify the data in addition to the known indicators, namely the number of publications, the number of links, the average number of citations per publication, the Hirsch index. It is shown that the main disadvantage of the h-index proposed by the American physicist Jorge Hirsch for assessing ergonomists’ scientific activities is not taking into account the relevance of breakthrough scientific results and inventions. The rating of 25 leading domestic psychologists and 25 domestic ergonomists is given, which is obtained from the RSCI database and it includes such indicators as the number of publications, the total number of citations, the average number of citations, the average number of citations per publication, and the Hirsch index. It is concluded that using relevance and citation indices is, to a certain extent, evidence of this scholar’ official recognition by the scientific community and the formal confirmation of his authority. It is shown that applying scientometric citation indices and their correct use in assessing scientists’ activities should be carried out by the qualified experts in the relevant field of knowledge.

Trends in Cosmeceuticals Based Nanotechnology: Up-to-Date

The American physicist Richard Phillips Fenyman, first proposed the concept of nanotechnology in the year 1959. However, the researcher and professor (Tokyo University of Sciences) who actually coined the term ‘nanotechnology’ was Norio Taniguchi, in 1974. Now, to improve the efficacy of cosmetic and therapeutic applications in this field, the cosmetic industry is significantly embracing nanotechnology. The application of nanotechnology in the field of cosmeceuticals makes cosmetics very effective, providing better protection against UV rays, deeper penetration into the skin, long-lasting effects, higher colour, quality of finish and more. This review critically collects the latest updates regarding the use of nanomaterials for the preparation of cosmetics for pharmaceutical applications. In addition, this review provides a brief overview of almost all nano forms as cosmetic formulations different types, of cosmetics based on nanotechnology and patents.

O problema dos paradigmas nas práticas jornalísticas

O jornalismo é uma atividade cujos estudiosos apontam possuir os próprios paradigmas. Mas existe ciência nessas afirmações? Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar um percurso teórico-histórico sobre o conceito de paradigma. Partimos da popularização do termo com a publicação da obra A Estrutura das Revoluções Científicas (1998), do físico estadunidense Thomas Kuhn. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, mostramos como o conceito foi problematizado e remodelado no âmbito das ciências sociais e, em especial, pelos estudiosos do jornalismo, entre eles Jean Charron e Jean De Bonville, que criaram a teoria dos paradigmas do jornalismo. Nossa conclusão aponta para a necessidade da apropriação do termo pelos estudiosos do jornalismo a fim de dar legitimidade acadêmica a essa prática social.Palavras-chave: Thomas Kuhn; paradigmas do jornalismo; estudos de jornalismo; Jean Charron; Jean De Bonville.The problem of paradigms in journalistic practicesAbstractJournalism is an activity whose scholars point to having its own paradigms. But is there science in these claims? This article aims to outline a theoretical-historical path about the concept of paradigm. We started with the popularization of the term with the publication of the book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1998), by the American physicist Thomas Kuhn. Through a bibliographic review, we show how the concept was problematized and remodeled in the scope of social sciences and, in particular, by scholars of journalism, among them Jean Charron and Jean De Bonville, who created the theory of journalism paradigms. Our conclusion points to the need for the appropriation of the term by scholars of journalism in order to give academic legitimacy to this social practice. Keywords: Thomas Kuhn; paradigms of journalism; Journalism Studies; Jean Charron; Jean De Bonville.

Metaphysics of Being of Information

In article the metaphysics of being of information is considered and her cat­egorical status. The concept of information plays an especially important role in cognitive disciplines – neurology, cognitive psychology, sociology and arti­ficial intelligence theories altogether forming the scientific basis of new epi­stemology. Information is understood as the objective reality perceived by the subject by means of touch bodies which it fixes and comprehends by means of various semantic pro-positions, logical-mathematical operations and calculations, using it in various communicative practices for achievement of the purposes. On the basis of philosophical traditions of interpretation of cat­egory of life and various interpretations of this abstract concept of modern nat­ural sciences the new understanding of category of life as a basic metaphysical concept of science is offered. The philosophical bases of the theory of creative participation of the person in events of the Universe the famous American physicist-theorist J.A. Wheeler who put forward the thesis “all from Bit” (It from Bit), the information paradigm of the universe developed by the prom­inent modern philosopher L. Floridi. It is demonstrated that the origination and evolution of all objects takes place due to the existence of specific information programs that express the fundamental creativity of the nature. The statement that the category of life in modern interpretation both in natural-science, and in sociocultural aspects expresses life of information, or the information life presented in unity of three spheres of reality – matter, lives and consciousness (reason) is proved.

Another breakthrough in power supply technology – lithium-ion batteries: 2019 Nobel Prize winners in chemistry John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino

In 2019, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the creators of lithium-ion batteries, who over the past half century have literally revolutionized the battery power supply. The prize was shared equally by American physicist and materials expert John Bannister Goodenough, British-American chemist Michael Stanley Whittingham and Japanese process chemist Akira Yoshino. The operation of lithium-ion batteries is based on the electrochemical oxidation reactions of lithium metal, which is part of the anode. When discharged, lithium is oxidized and its cation moves to the cathode; when charged, under the action of the applied electrical voltage, lithium cations move to the anode, where the recovery occurs. The biographies of the laureates and their main achievements are described briefly. Lithium-ion batteries are produced in huge quantities and have created another breakthrough in energy supply technology.

Uma Rota pelos Instrumentos de Cálculo

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é dar a conhecer a evolução das ferramentas de apoio ao cálculo matemático. Começamos esta jornada cronológica pelos mecanismos mais rudimentares que só realizavam operações de adição e subtração, como por exemplo o ábaco e o Khipu. No séc. XVII, matemáticos como o escocês John Napier (1550- 1617), o inglês William Oughtred (1574-1660) e o francês Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) desenvolveram mecanismos cada vez mais sofisticados para realizar cálculos matemáticos avançados. Estes instrumentos foram sendo cada vez mais aperfeiçoados em termos de dimensão e versatilidade até à descoberta do primeiro circuito integrado, em 1958, pelo físico americano Jack Kilby (1923-2005) que proporcionou o desenvolvimento desses instrumentos, dotando-os de maior capacidade de cálculo e representação - as máquinas de calcular. Palavras-chave: ciência, cálculo, mecanismos.Abstract The objective of this work is to present the evolution of mathematical calculus support tools. We began this chronological journey by the most rudimentary mechanisms that only carried out addition and subtraction operations, as for example the abacus and the Khipu. In the 17th century, mathematicians such as Scotsman John Napier (1550-1617), Englishman William Oughtred (1574-1660) and Frenchman Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) developed progressively more sophisticated mechanisms to perform advanced mathematical calculations. These instruments were increasingly improved in terms of dimension and versatility until the discovery of the first integrated circuit in 1958 by the American physicist Jack Kilby (1923-2005) who provided the development of these instruments, giving them a greater capacity of calculation and representation - the Calculating Machines. Keywords: science, calculus, mechanisms.

Thought Experiment as a Logical Transformation in Transreal Logical Space

In this article, from the concepts of formal causality and logical transformation, defined with transreal numbers, I intend to re-analyze the famous Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen paradox (the EPR paradox), according to which Quantum Mechanics is incomplete. In order to make such an analysis of the paradox, I present a general definition of thought experiments, in terms of the concept of logical transformation in a transreal logical space, and show that the EPR paradox, in broad outlines, bases the incomplete character of Quantum Mechanics on the fact of not having a formal causality between the ideal and concrete worlds of quantum theory - these concepts, the “ideal and concrete worlds”, by their turn, are inspired by the work of the American physicist Wolfgang Smith.

Quantum Discontents, or What Is Wrong with Our Science Practice

For more than eighty years, quantum theory (QT) has dominated physical science. This domination remains unchallenged to this day. Some physicists celebrate this remarkable stability. Others lament this fact and argue that QT inhibits our understanding of physical reality. They feel that numerous problems that have accumulated in physical science require stepping beyond the horizon outlined by QT. The article offers a critical examination of the foundational assumptions of QT that shape its practice. It uses two interpretations of QT as case studies—Copenhagen interpretation and the theoretical perspective advanced by American physicist David Bohm—to explain one major problem that continues to plague our study of physics. The article sketches a path to a possible solution and outlines a new science practice that this solution will require.

Quantum Discontents, or What Is Wrong with Our Science Practice

For more than eighty years the standard interpretation (SI) has dominated quantum physics. Perspectives that have tried to challenge this domination have been remarkably unsuccessful. As a result, quantum theory (QT) has remained remarkably stagnant. The article offers a critical examination of SI and provides an explanation for its continued domination. It also uses Bohmian mechanics—a theoretical perspective advanced by American physicist David Bohm—as a case study for why alternative interpretations have failed to displace SI. The article sees the main reason for the failure to achieve much progress beyond SI in the unresolved philosophical problem of subject-object relation that continues to plague our study of physics. The article sketches a path to a possible solution and outlines a new science practice that this solution will require.

Transoral laser surgery for laryngeal carcinoma: has Steiner achieved a genuine paradigm shift in oncological surgery?

Transoral laser microsurgery applies to the piecemeal removal of malignant tumours of the upper aerodigestive tract using the CO2 laser under the operating microscope. This method of surgery is being increasingly popularised as a single modality treatment of choice in early laryngeal cancers (T1 and T2) and occasionally in the more advanced forms of the disease (T3 and T4), predominantly within the supraglottis. Thomas Kuhn, the American physicist turned philosopher and historian of science, coined the phrase ‘paradigm shift’ in his groundbreaking book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. He argued that the arrival of the new and often incompatible idea forms the core of a new paradigm, the birth of an entirely new way of thinking. This article discusses whether Steiner and colleagues truly brought about a paradigm shift in oncological surgery. By rejecting the principle of en block resection and by replacing it with the belief that not only is it oncologically safe to cut through the substance of the tumour but in doing so one can actually achieve better results, Steiner was able to truly revolutionise the management of laryngeal cancer. Even though within this article the repercussions of his insight are limited to the upper aerodigestive tract oncological surgery, his willingness to question other peoples’ dogma makes his contribution truly a genuine paradigm shift.