scholarly journals Solutions to the Puzzles of Quantum Gravity and General Theory of Quantum Gravity and Quantum Gravity of the Universe and General Black Hole

Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang ◽  
Xinfei Li

This paper gives both the solutions to the puzzles of quantum gravity and a general theory of quantum gravity, further shows quantum gravity of the Universe and general black hole, and discovers their relations reflecting symmetric propertis of the standard nonlinear gravitational Lagrangian, which are not relevant to any concrete metric models. This paper concretely shows the general commutation relations of the general gravitational field operators and their zeroth, first, second and third style, respectively, of high order canonical momentum operators for the general nonlinear system of the standard gravitational Lagrangian, and then has finished all the four styles of the quantization of the standard gravity. No needing, as usual, to solve the Euler-Lagrange equation to complete the whole process of the quantization of the standard gravitational fields, namely, this paper novelly simplifies all the current quantization theories of the standard gravitational fields. So lots of the complex calculations of quantum gravitational field theories up to now can be omitted to make the physical picture clearer, simpler and more easily understanding. Therefore, the solutions to puzzles of quantum gravity are given. Consequently, this paper opens a door to study and give a general theory of the quantum gravitational field don't depending on any concrete metric models.

Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang ◽  
Xinfei Li

This paper gives both a general canonical quantum gravity theory and the general canonical quantum gravity theories of the Universe and general black hole, and discovers the relations reflecting symmetric properties of the standard nonlinear gravitational Lagrangian, which are not relevant to any concrete metric models. This paper concretely shows the general commutation relations of the general gravitational field operators and their zeroth, first, second and third style, respectively, of high order canonical momentum operators for the general nonlinear system of the standard gravitational Lagrangian, and then has finished all the four styles of the canonical quantization of the standard gravity.


Author(s):  
Timothy Clifton

By studying objects outside our Solar System, we can observe star systems with far greater gravitational fields. ‘Extrasolar tests of gravity’ considers stars of different sizes that have undergone gravitational collapse, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. A black hole consists of a region of space-time enclosed by a surface called an event horizon. The gravitational field of a black hole is so strong that anything that finds its way inside the event horizon can never escape. Other star systems considered are binary pulsars and triple star systems. With the invention of even more powerful telescopes, there will be more tantalizing possibilities for testing gravity in the future.


Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Claudio Cremaschini ◽  
Massimo Tessarotto

A new type of quantum correction to the structure of classical black holes is investigated. This concerns the physics of event horizons induced by the occurrence of stochastic quantum gravitational fields. The theoretical framework is provided by the theory of manifestly covariant quantum gravity and the related prediction of an exclusively quantum-produced stochastic cosmological constant. The specific example case of the Schwarzschild–deSitter geometry is looked at, analyzing the consequent stochastic modifications of the Einstein field equations. It is proved that, in such a setting, the black hole event horizon no longer identifies a classical (i.e., deterministic) two-dimensional surface. On the contrary, it acquires a quantum stochastic character, giving rise to a frame-dependent transition region of radial width δr between internal and external subdomains. It is found that: (a) the radial size of the stochastic region depends parametrically on the central mass M of the black hole, scaling as δr∼M3; (b) for supermassive black holes δr is typically orders of magnitude larger than the Planck length lP. Instead, for typical stellar-mass black holes, δr may drop well below lP. The outcome provides new insight into the quantum properties of black holes, with implications for the physics of quantum tunneling phenomena expected to arise across stochastic event horizons.


2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 1017-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAXIM DVORNIKOV

We study neutrino spin oscillations in gravitational fields. The quasi-classical approach is used to describe the neutrino spin evolution. First we examine the case of a weak gravitational field. We obtain the effective Hamiltonian for the description of neutrino spin oscillations. We also receive the neutrino transition probability when a particle propagates in the gravitational field of a rotating massive object. Then we apply the general technique to the description of neutrino spin oscillations in the Schwarzschild metric. The neutrino spin evolution equation for the case of the neutrino motion in the vicinity of a black hole is obtained. The effective Hamiltonian and the transition probability are also derived. We examine the neutrino oscillations process on different circular orbits and analyze the frequencies of spin transitions. The validity of the quasi-classical approach is also considered.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Yanbikov Vil'dyan Shavkyatovich ◽  

The study presents a model for screening gravitational waves. fields of protons of the cosmos. Gravity shielding is based on a principle. An elementary particle with a rest mass. In free fall. Shields the gravitational fields in which it is located. In the above work the intensity of the gravitational field from the infinite cosmic field is determined half-spaces. The cross section of the proton shielding the gravitational field is determined. The radius of action of gravitational forces in space is calculated. The formula is obtained, which determines the distance to the galaxy by its " red " shift. Time calculated the life of a photon in space. The size of the visibility horizon of the universe is determined


Author(s):  
Zongcheng Li

Under the big unified framework of quantum gravitational field and quantum repulsive field, the earlier in this series of work has comprehensively expanded the general relativity and loop quantum ring gravitation theory, set up the quantum repulsive field equation corresponding to the quantum gravitational field equation, and then established the quantum hedge-unified field equation describing the interaction of quantum gravitational field and quantum repulsive field; On this basis, the quantum repulsive universe equation corresponding to the quantum gravitational universe equation has be established, thus a set of new equations describing the expansive universe model under the condition of fully considering the hedge effect of quantum gravitational field and quantum repulsion field, which can be called the expansive universe equation of quantum hedge-unified field theory, has be established. Now, let's go deep into the arche-unified physics behind the creation of the universe. Although all kinds of inflationary universe models can solve cosmological problems to a certain extent, there is no natural and reasonable analysis and explanation for all cosmological and physical consequences. For example, it is impossible to predict a large tensor-scale ratio and a relatively large spectral index run at the same time. At present, string theory, membrane theory, loop quantum gravity theory, super-gravitational holography principle and M theory, which are the theoretical basis of cosmology, are basically established by simplification in the case of breaking away from the extreme background conditions of the universe. While cosmology, which is deficient in nature, cannot provide strong support for particle physics to further advance to a wider field and a deeper level. Due to the lack of new ideas, the construction of existing theoretical models is difficult. Therefore, the existing research can only be further promoted by new astronomical observation. Unlike existing studies, we concentrate on the emergence of the big rip-rebound clusters of quantum chaotic-reticulate distribution between the outwards-push of the universe as a whole (related to pseudo-vacuum energy, Higgs field, dark energy, etc.) and the inwards-pull of the universe in local scale (related to dark matter, quantum gravity and initial gravity separated from high-dimensional supergravity, and the initial strong force separated from the grand unified force subsequently). On the one hand, we find a great impetus to make the inflation of the universe into firstly-imposed suppression, then-imposed acceleration and finally-imposed deceleration, which really explains why the universe expands at a critical rate and has the same temperature in different regions, on the other hand, we find a fundamental unit of matter and its emerging clusters evolving in the big bang, inflation and expansion of the universe accompanied by the great rip-rebound clusters of quantum chaos-reticulate distribution, which can be reduced to an arche-pulsator of neither punctiform particle nor linear string. From these two aspects, it can been seen that the evolution of the early universe is much more complicated than people originally thought. The complexity of the super inflation of the universe is mainly reflected in the big rip-rebound cluster emerging behind the gravitational disturbance (the pressure and tensor disturbance related to dark matter), the repulsive disturbance (the pressure and scalar disturbance related to dark energy), the cosmological disturbance (related to the interaction between high-dimensional supergravity and high-dimensional superrepulsion). This is a system of nonlinear stochastic differential dynamics, or a quantum statistical physical process of nonlinear nonequilibrium state. In the new research paradigms established in this series, the arche-conjugation between the high-dimensional supergravity and the high-dimensional superrepulsion, as well as between the quantum gravity and the quantum repulsion, is higher than the supersymmetry, and then becomes the core concept of the new theory. In this series, cluster-inflating configuration, spin network space and cosmic paradigm vectors are proposed, so the model of the super-inflated universe with quantum chaos-reticulate distribution emerged under the great impetus. The new model reveals that the unified inflation of the universe as a whole and the local inflation of the universe emerge together in the great impetus of the big rip-rebound cluster of quantum chaos-reticulate distribution. As a spin network model variable, the spatiotemporal mode variable is a vector composed of a series of variables, which variables include: dimension, curvature, range, expansion speed, dynamics, quantization, chaotic-reticulate distribution (inhomogeneity, concentration, fluctuation), synergy, and so on. Between particle physics and cosmology, this series of papers proposes the cosmic quantum evolution mode, the physical-sphere distributing configuration and the interaction situation variables, organizes the concepts, variables and models of these three levels, and establishes a systematic super-synergy paradigm. In this paradigm, the general Langevan equation and the general Fokker-Planck equation are established. For the quantum cosmic-sphere, a series of trend parameters are introduced to establish the dynamics of quantum gravitational mode and its master equation, and then to establish the operator distribution function and its motion equation of the action mode. For the Tachyon of upheaval in the rip-rebound-inflating of the universe, the hypothesis on the bifurcate-chaos wave of quantum is given, the quantum theory of the early photons in upheaval is set up, and the analysis on the particles of the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray from the γ ray burst is made. Finally, using Wigner-Ville distribution as a nonlinear time-frequency distribution, we establish the ultra-synergistic field equation of quantum-classic unifying action-sphere.


2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Vo Van On

In this paper, based on the vector model for gravitational field we deduce an equation to determinate the metric of space-time. This equation is similar to equation of Einstein. The metric of space-time outside a static spherically symmetric body is also determined. It gives a small supplementation to the Schwarzschild metric in General theory of relativity but the singularity does not exist. Especially, this model predicts the existence of a new universal body after a black hole.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael C. Nunes ◽  
Hooman Moradpour ◽  
Edésio M. Barboza ◽  
Everton M. C. Abreu ◽  
Jorge Ananias Neto

In this paper, we investigated the effects of a noncommutative (NC) space-time on the dynamics of the Universe. We generalize the black hole entropy for a NC black hole. Then, using the entropic gravity formalism, we will show that the noncommutativity changes the strength of the gravitational field. By applying this result to a homogeneous and isotropic Universe containing nonrelativistic matter and a cosmological constant, we show that the modified scenario by the noncommutativity of the space-time is a better fit to the obtained data than the standard one at 68% CL.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Pratap Singh

The purpose of this article is not to present a popular history of mathematical physics nor even to display for the general reader some of the result of research in the history of science, Rather the intention is to explore one important aspect of the great scientific revaluation of recent times which proves the existence of Gravitational wave, predicted by Dr. Albert Einstein about a hundred years ago in his general theory of relativity. Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the universe. They are produced by catastrophic events such as colliding Black hole as well as the collapse of stellar super nova.


1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030
Author(s):  
F. Winterberg

Abstract It is shown that the Bekenstein-Hawking formula for the entropy of a black hole can be given a statistical mechanical interpretation in terms of Planck mass particles. It is furthermore shown that the previously proposed Planck aether model (assuming that space is densely filled with an equal number of positive and negative Planck masses) gives an expression for the black hole entropy, different from the Bekenstein-Hawking formula, with the entropy proportional to the 3/4 power of the black hole surface rather than proportional to its surface. The Planck aether model also gives an expression for the entropy of the gravitational field, which for a black hole is the entropy of negative Planck masses. To be consistent with Nernst's theorem, it is conjectured that this gravitational field entropy is negative. For a universe in which the sum of the positive matter energy and the negative gravitational field energy is zero, the sum of the matter and gravitational field entropy would therefore vanish as well. Because the positive and negative Planck masses are separated from each other, a cancellation of their entropy appears to be only possible in the event of a gravitational collapse of the universe as a whole.


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