Effects of Substrate on Heat Inactivation of Taka-amylase A

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giiti Tomita ◽  
Sam Soon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The State ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
The Difference

Taka-amylase A is highly protected from heat inactivation and denaturation by the presence of its substrate, starch. The effect of pH on the protective action was studied to find the relation between the protective action and the state of ionization of taka-amylase A. The separation of protective effect of substrate from that of hydrolysis products was made by digesting starch with taka-amylase A before incubation to find the difference of protective abilities of substrate and hydrolysis products. The stabilization of the higher order structure of enzyme protein, depending on the state of ionization of enzyme protein, brought about by the formation of enzyme-substrate and -product complexes seems to be responsible for the appearance of the protective effect observed.

Heat and Photochemical Inactivations of Taka-Amylase A and Mechanisms of Protection by Substrate

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giiti Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Conformation Change ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Photochemical Processes ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
The Relationship

The heat, ultraviolet and riboflavin-sensitized visible inactivations of taka-amylase A are strongly inhibited by the presence of its substrate. The stabilization of the secondary structure of enzyme protein by the conformation change due to the formation of enzyme-substrate and -product complexes is responsible for the protection of enzyme from the heat inactivation. The photoinactivations are brought about by the combined effects of heat and photochemical processes. The observed protections from photoinactivations are due to the inhibition effects of substrate and its decomposition products on both processes. The thermodynamic quantities determined for the inactivation reactions throw some light on the relationship between the heat and photochemical processes, and on the mechanisms of the protective action of substrate.

scholarly journals Protective action figurations for superoxide dismutase - chondroitin sulfate - catalase bienzyme conjugate after its medicative administration in endotoxin shock

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
A.V. Maksimenko ◽  
A.V. Vavaeva ◽  
M.A. Zvyagintseva ◽  
A.A. Abramov ◽  
A.A. Timoshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
The State

Previously it found that the bienzymatic conjugate superoxide dismutase-chondroitin sulfate, catalase (SOD-CHS-CAT) increased the survival rate of rats with endotoxic shock caused by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This effect was observed both in preventive (before LPS) and therapeutic conjugate administration (after the administration of LPS). This study shows that the development of endotoxic shock is accompanied by increased levels of NO in the liver, lungs, kidneys, heart; administration of the SOD-CHS-CAT conjugate insignificantly influenced this parameter. At the same time, the changes in blood urea and creatinine suggest the protective effect of the conjugate on renal function, while diverse changes in biochemical parameters studied complicate the formation of the agreed conclusions on the state of other organs.

scholarly journals The protective effect of some carbohydrates against the inactivation of complement by heat, together with a note on the effect of glycolamide (an isomer of glycine) on heat-inactivation

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gordon ◽  
G. C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Concentrations

Gordon & Turner (1955) reported that glucose and other sugars intensify the protective action of glycine against the heat-inactivation of complement, so that in their presence the concentration of glycine required to protect complement against inactivation at 55° C. is greatly reduced. Moreover, when high concentrations of glycine (e.g. 10%) were used, higher temperatures were required to inactivate complement if the glycine was dissolved in a high concentration of a sugar. They also showed that although this intensification is a property of a wide range of sugars, it is not shown by the corresponding alcohols, although inositol is exceptional in causing marked intensification. No explanation was offered for these findings and further experiments have been undertaken to throw light on them.

scholarly journals Further observations on the Protective action of glycine against the heat-inactivation of complement with particular reference to intensification by some carbohydrates

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gordon ◽  
G. C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Fourth Component

1. The protection afforded by glycine and other amino-acids to guinea-pig complement against heat-inactivation is increased in the presence of sugars, although the latter are not themselves protective.2. No significant increase in protective activity occurs in the presence of the alcohols derived from some of the sugars tested.3. A marked exception amongst the alcohols is inositol, which reinforces the protective power of glycine at least as much as do the sugars.4. The fourth component of complement is destroyed by heating at 63° C. for 30 min. It is, however, protected against heat-inactivation by glycine, and this protective effect is intensified in the presence of glucose and inositol.5. The protection afforded to serum by the presence of glycine or glycine dissolved in glucose is removed when the system is dialysed, indicating that if a complex is formed it is readily dissociable.

Analysis of the horizontal structure of a measurement and control geodetic network based on entropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mrówczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Abstract The paper attempts to determine an optimum structure of a directional measurement and control network intended for investigating horizontal displacements. For this purpose it uses the notion of entropy as a logarithmical measure of probability of the state of a particular observation system. An optimum number of observations results from the difference of the entropy of the vector of parameters ΔHX̂ (x)corresponding to one extra observation. An increment of entropy interpreted as an increment of the amount of information about the state of the system determines the adoption or rejection of another extra observation to be carried out.

Macrocycles of Higher Ortho-Phenylenes: Assembly and Folding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharias Kinney ◽  
Viraj Kirinda ◽  
Scott Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Bite Angle ◽  
Direct Assembly

<p>Higher-order structure in abiotic foldamer systems represents an important but largely unrealized goal. As one approach to this challenge, covalent assembly can be used to assemble macrocycles with foldamer subunits in well-defined spatial relationships. Such systems have previously been shown to exhibit self-sorting, new folding motifs, and dynamic stereoisomerism, yet there remain important questions about the interplay between folding and macrocyclization and the effect of structural confinement on folding behavior. Here, we explore the dynamic covalent assembly of extended <i>ortho</i>-phenylenes (hexamer and decamer) with rod-shaped linkers. Characteristic <sup>1</sup>H chemical shift differences between cyclic and acyclic systems can be compared with computational conformer libraries to determine the folding states of the macrocycles. We show that the bite angle provides a measure of the fit of an <i>o</i>-phenylene conformer within a shape-persistent macrocycle, affecting both assembly and ultimate folding behavior. For the <i>o</i>-phenylene hexamer, the bite angle and conformer stability work synergistically to direct assembly toward triangular [3+3] macrocycles of well-folded oligomers. For the decamer, the energetic accessibility of conformers with small bite angles allows [2+2] macrocycles to be formed as the predominant species. In these systems, the <i>o</i>-phenylenes are forced into unusual folding states, preferentially adopting a backbone geometry with distinct helical blocks of opposite handedness. The results show that simple geometric restrictions can be used to direct foldamers toward increasingly complex geometries.</p>

Macrocycles of Higher ortho-Phenylenes: Assembly and Folding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharias Kinney ◽  
Viraj Kirinda ◽  
Scott Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Bite Angle ◽  
Direct Assembly

<p>Higher-order structure in abiotic foldamer systems represents an important but largely unrealized goal. As one approach to this challenge, covalent assembly can be used to assemble macrocycles with foldamer subunits in well-defined spatial relationships. Such systems have previously been shown to exhibit self-sorting, new folding motifs, and dynamic stereoisomerism, yet there remain important questions about the interplay between folding and macrocyclization and the effect of structural confinement on folding behavior. Here, we explore the dynamic covalent assembly of extended <i>ortho</i>-phenylenes (hexamer and decamer) with rod-shaped linkers. Characteristic <sup>1</sup>H chemical shift differences between cyclic and acyclic systems can be compared with computational conformer libraries to determine the folding states of the macrocycles. We show that the bite angle provides a measure of the fit of an <i>o</i>-phenylene conformer within a shape-persistent macrocycle, affecting both assembly and ultimate folding behavior. For the <i>o</i>-phenylene hexamer, the bite angle and conformer stability work synergistically to direct assembly toward triangular [3+3] macrocycles of well-folded oligomers. For the decamer, the energetic accessibility of conformers with small bite angles allows [2+2] macrocycles to be formed as the predominant species. In these systems, the <i>o</i>-phenylenes are forced into unusual folding states, preferentially adopting a backbone geometry with distinct helical blocks of opposite handedness. The results show that simple geometric restrictions can be used to direct foldamers toward increasingly complex geometries.</p>

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

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