Advertising patterns of a fast-food chain on social media in Brazil

Objective: To investigate the advertising patterns on the posts of a fast-food chain in Brazil on three social media platforms in 2019. Design: An exploratory cross-sectional study. Setting: Advertising strategies on the posts of a major fast-food chain on their official Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube accounts. The strategies were investigated according to the INFORMAS protocol for food promotion monitoring. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify advertising patterns in each platform. Participants: 305 advertisements Results: Four advertising patterns were identified in the PCA of Facebook and Instagram. In both platforms, the components for kids and product exaltation were similar. On Facebook, a pattern corresponding to economic appeal was identified as price and discount, while on Instagram, this pattern also included a practical approach. On Facebook, the fourth component was named celebrity, while on Instagram it was celebrity/innovation since on this second social media the component also included the ‘new brand development’ variable. On YouTube, three advertising patterns were identified in PCA. Similar to the other platforms, the first and the second patterns were called for kids and price and discount, and the third component referred to both celebrity and commemorative dates. Conclusions: The advertising patterns of the fast-food chain on three social media platforms were commonly directed to children and addressed price, discounts, and the celebrities’ universe. The findings of this study corroborate other data in the literature regarding unhealthy food advertising on social media. This study discusses the urgency of regulating food advertising content on this medium.

RASE: Modeling cumulative disadvantage due to marginalized group status in academia

We propose a framework of Resources, Achievement, Status, and Events (RASE) that allows the many disparate but well-documented phenomena affecting underrepresented groups in STEM to be assembled into a story of career trajectories, illuminating the possible cumulative impact of many small inequities. Our framework contains a three-component deterministic cycle of (1) production of Achievements from Resources, (2) updated community Status due to Achievements, and (3) accrual of additional Resources based on community Status. A fourth component, stochastic Events, can influence an individual’s level of Resources or Achievements at each time step of the cycle. We build a specific mathematical model within the RASE framework and use it to investigate the impact of accumulated disadvantages from multiple compounding variables. We demonstrate that the model can reproduce data of observed disparities in academia. Finally, we use a publicly available visualization and networking tool to provide a sandbox for exploring career outcomes within the model. The modeling exercise, results, and visualization tool may be useful in the context of training STEM faculty to recognize and reduce effects of bias.

FORMATION OF HEALTH'S SUSTAINABLE COMPETENCE AS A DIRECTION OF ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

The article reveals the urgency of the issue of health competence as a necessary condition for a healthy and safe life, which should contribute to the achievement of global goals of sustainable development of society. Emphasis is placed on the mission of education in the formation of the foundations of sustainable development, its functional purpose, content and effectiveness. Attention is drawn to the need to reorient domestic education towards sustainable development, in which the fourth component is defined as quality education. The normative-legal documents in the field of education are analyzed, which direct the educational process to the need for a holistic approach to the formation of health-preserving competence, indicate the need for a new understanding of the role of health, which will enable every citizen to live a full life. It is noted that the State Standard sets the competence approach as a system-forming factor in the development of personal qualities of students and the formation of a positive attitude to human health, pays attention to educational areas that provide health-oriented educational process. The study specifies the essence of the terms "health", "health", "competence approach", "health competence". It is noted that the established health competence of the graduate of the educational institution enriches the complex development of his personality on the basis of sustainable development of society. Emphasis is placed on innovative approaches to combining economic, social, health and environmental platforms to address pressing societal issues in a balanced way.

Septin-7 is indispensable for proper skeletal muscle architecture and function

Today septins are considered as the fourth component of the cytoskeleton with the Septin-7 isoform playing a critical role in the formation of higher order structures. While its importance has already been confirmed in several intracellular processes of different organs, very little is known about its role in skeletal muscle. Here, using Septin-7 conditional knock-down mouse model, the C2C12 cell line, and enzymatically isolated adult muscle fibers the organization and localization of septin filaments is revealed, and an ontogenesis-dependent expression of Septin-7 is demonstrated. KD mice displayed a characteristic hunchback phenotype with skeletal deformities, reduction in vivo and in vitro force generation, and disorganized mitochondrial networks. Furthermore, knock-out of Septin-7 in C2C12 cells resulted in complete loss of cell division while KD cells provided evidence that Septin-7 is essential in proper myotube differentiation. These and the transient increase in Septin-7 expression following muscle injury demonstrate its vital contribution to muscle regeneration and development.

MARKETING TOOLS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS’ HUMAN CAPITAL

The purpose of the paper is to identify the marketing tools, which are promising areas of functional provision of strategic management of young scientists’ human capital in Ukraine. The novelty of the research is represented by the created theoretical model of the conceptual scenario of strategic management of young scientists’ human capital. The object of the scientific research is the process of using marketing tools in strategic management of young scientists’ human capital. The research methodology includes such methods: comparative analysis, critical analysis, statistical analysis, economic-mathematical analysis and graph-analytical. The research is based on the results of mass sociological survey of young scientists in Ukraine performed within the framework of the project «Realization of the young scientists’ potential in integration of science, education, and business» (0120U102126) in 2020 year. The obtained results confirmed fully the proposed hypothesis H1 and H2 and partially the hypothesis H3. The discussion section of the paper proposes the improved method of evaluating the human potential of young scientists, which includes four vectors: assessment of business qualities of educational managers, evaluation of the effectiveness of the organizational structure of management of scientific and educational institutions, assessment of the overall effectiveness of marketing activities of scientific and educational institutions, general evaluation of marketing potential of human development in the strategic management of human capital of research and educational institutions. The fourth component is proposed to produce marketing tools used by young scholars based on the results of a mass sociological survey. The practical value of the proposed instruments for the young scientists’ community and scientific and educational institutions, where they are employed, is in the use of the adapted graph-analytical method, which gives the opportunity to assess the marketing tools in strategic management of young scientists’ human capital.

Hidden patterns among the fatally injured pedestrians in an Iranian population: application of categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA)

Background Identifying hidden patterns and relationships among the features of the Fatal Pedestrian Road Traffic Injuries (FPRTI) can be effective in reducing pedestrian fatalities. This study is thus aimed to detect the patterns among the fatally injured pedestrians due to FPRTI in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Methods This descriptive-analytic research was carried out based on the data of all 1782 FPRTI that occurred in East Azerbaijan, Iran from 2010 to 2019 collected by the forensic organization. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) was performed to recognize hidden patterns in the data by extracting principal components from the set of 13 features of FPRTI. The importance of each component was assessed by using the variance accounted for (VAF) index. Results The optimum number of components to fit the CATPCA model was six which explained 71.09% of the total variation. The first and most important component with VAF = 22.04% contained the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the killed pedestrians. The second-ranked component with VAF = 12.96% was related to the injury type. The third component with VAF = 10.56% was the severity of the injury. The fourth component with VAF = 9.07% was somehow related to the knowledge and observance of the traffic rules. The fifth component with VAF = 8.63% was about the quality of medical relief and finally, the sixth component with VAF = 7.82% dealt with environmental conditions. Conclusion CATPCA revealed hidden patterns among the fatally injured pedestrians in the form of six components. The revealed patterns showed that some interactions between correlated features led to a higher mortality rate.

Meningococcal Vaccines: A Technological Revolution

The sneaky meningococcus is a bacterium that can cause terrible disease. Development of an effective vaccine has been extremely difficult. Meningococcal vaccines developed in the 1990s are based on the bacterial capsule, a shield that protects the bacteria and that is used to instruct our body to combat this terrible disease. These vaccines work against four types of meningococcus: A, C, W, and Y. However, they do not work against meningococcus B. Scientists had to invent a completely new way to make vaccines, reading the bacterial DNA to search for new protective components. With this new approach, named reverse vaccinology, three new bacterial components were discovered: NadA, NHBA, and fHbp. When combined with a fourth component (PorA), they form the 4CMenB vaccine. This vaccine has reduced meningococcal disease in infants by 75% in the UK. Today, 4CMenB protects children all around the world.

Unified Approach to Augmented Reality

The authors present a new and holistic conceptualization on the feeling of presence. This consists of several components. The first two propose a new definition of presence and the identification of a fourth component of presence called presence of action. The third component consists of a unified approach to presence taking into account technological, psychological, and ecological considerations. They have developed a model that identifies the processes leading to the feeling of presence. According to the model, two unconscious phases of judgment condition the emergence of presence. The first judgment concerns the credibility of the environment, which depends on the satisfaction of the user's intellectual and perceptual expectations.

ACTN4 Mediates SEPT14 Mutation-Induced Sperm Head Defects

Septins (SEPTs) are highly conserved GTP-binding proteins and the fourth component of the cytoskeleton. Polymerized SEPTs participate in the modulation of various cellular processes, such as cytokinesis, cell polarity, and membrane dynamics, through their interactions with microtubules, actin, and other cellular components. The main objective of this study was to dissect the molecular pathological mechanism of SEPT14 mutation-induced sperm head defects. To identify SEPT14 interactors, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry were applied. Immunostaining showed that SEPT14 was significantly localized to the manchette structure. The SEPT14 interactors were identified and classified as (1) SEPT-, (2) microtubule-, (3) actin-, and (4) sperm structure-related proteins. One interactor, ACTN4, an actin-holding protein, was selected for further study. Co-IP experiments showed that SEPT14 interacts with ACTN4 in a male germ cell line. SEPT14 also co-localized with ACTN4 in the perinuclear and manchette regions of the sperm head in early elongating spermatids. In the cell model, mutated SEPT14 disturbed the localization pattern of ACTN4. In a clinical aspect, sperm with mutant SEPT14, SEPT14A123T (p.Ala123Thr), and SEPT14I333T (p.Ile333Thr), have mislocalized and fragmented ACTN4 signals. Sperm head defects in donors with SEPT14 mutations are caused by disruption of the functions of ACTN4 and actin during sperm head formation.

A Multicomponent Model of Working Memory

The multicomponent model aims to provide a broad theoretical framework enabling both more detailed fractionation and analysis of its components, and a capacity for it be used fruitfully beyond the laboratory. In its current form it comprises four interacting components. Two of these are modality-specific memory storage systems, one verbal-acoustic, the phonological loop, and one visuospatial, the sketchpad. Information in both these stores can be temporarily maintained via focused attention termed ‘refreshing’, while the phonological loop can also maintain familiar verbalizable material by subvocal or overt rehearsal. Both subsystems are controlled by a third component, the central executive, a supervisory system with limited resources. The central executive is principally concerned with internally directed attentional control processes but also has a role in the attentional selection of perceptual information. Information from these three components is coordinated with information from perception and long-term memory through the fourth component, a multidimensional, multimodal episodic buffer. This component is capable of holding up to around four episodic chunks, and is a valuable but essentially passive storage system, controlled by the central executive and accessible to conscious awareness. The multicomponent model has been systematically developed using a number of experimental tools. These include, principally, similarity effects to identify the type of coding involved, concurrent task methods to assess the contributions of the various subsystems to complex tasks, and neuropsychological evidence, in particular from the study of single cases with very specific deficits. The model continues to evolve and has proved successful both in accounting for a broad range of data on memory and related cognitive areas and in its application to the understanding of a wide range of cognitive activities and populations.