scholarly journals Wasserlösliche Phosphane, III [1]. Wasserlösliche primäre Phosphane mit Ammoniumgruppierungen NR2R' in der Seitenkette -donorfunktionalisierte Amphiphile / Water-Soluble Phosphanes, III [1]. Water-Soluble Primary Phosphanes with Ammonium Groups NR2R' in the Side Chain -Donor-Functionalized Amphiphiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Brauer ◽  
Jörg Fischer ◽  
Stefan Kucken ◽  
Klaus P. Langhans ◽  
Othmar Stelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Alkyl Side Chain ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Trans Conformation ◽  
Phosphonous Acid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Superbasic Medium

Primary and secondary aminoalkylphosphanes R2N-(CH2)m-PH2 (R2 = Me2, nBu2, C5H10, C4H8O, 2-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl); m = 2, 3, 6, 10, 11; 1-6) or [R2N-(CH2)m]2PH (7, R2 = C5H10; m = 2) are accessible by aminoalkylation of PH3 with ω̃ -chloroalkylamines R2N-(CH2)m-Cl in the superbasic medium DMSO/KOH (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide). By selective N-quaternization of 1, 2, 4-6 with R'I (R' = Me, CnH2n+1; n = 6-8, 12, 16, 18) in the two-phase system CH2Cl2/H2O novel primary phosphanes [R'R2N-(CH2)m-PH2]+I- (11-16f) with quaternary ammonium groups in the alkyl side chain are obtained. The water solubility of 11-16f decreases with increasing chain length (n) of R′ 11 (R = R' = Me; m = 2) shows a trans conformation at the C2H4 bridge according to an X-ray structural analysis. Protonation of 1, 2, 4, 5 with HCl affords the water-soluble hydrochlorides [HR2N-(CH2)m-PH2]+Cl- (19-22). The cationic primary phosphanes 11-16f are stable towards oxygen. By oxidation of 11 with one or two equivalents of H2O2 the primary phosphane oxide [Me3N-(CH2)2-P(O)H2]+I- (23) or the phosphonous acid [Me3N-(CH2)2- P(O)(OH)H]+I- (23a) are formed. Hofmann degradation of 11 or 16c with KOH yields phosphirane in good yields. Reaction of 1, 2, 4-6 (L) with Fe2(CO)9 at ambient temperature yields stable complexes (CO)4FeL (26-30). Under more rigorous conditions Fe3 clusters (31, 32) with free R2N groups are obtained.

The characterization of crystalline particle growth in TiNi thin films

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghua Li ◽  
Fanling Meng ◽  
Jinkuan Wang ◽  
Yuming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Crystalline Particle ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Interfacial Area ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to investigate sputter-deposited TiNi films annealed at 773 K for 3, 8, 13, 15, 25 and 60 min. The specific interfacial area of the crystalline–amorphous two-phase system increases at the beginning of annealing, achieves a maximum after about 13 min and decreases on further annealing, whereas the radius of gyration of the crystalline particle increases during the annealing process. The prominent increase of the specific interfacial area and the slight increase of the radius of gyration of the crystalline particle at the beginning of annealing are correlated with the nucleation of the crystalline particle. The subsequent decrease of the specific interfacial area is correlated with the growth of the crystalline particles.

Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence of High-Quality Water-Soluble NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ Nanoclusters

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 3802-3805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tang ◽  
Lianbo Wang ◽  
Qiuping Li ◽  
Yan Cui ◽  
Enyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Upconversion Luminescence ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Facile Solvothermal Method

Hexagonal phase NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoclusters were prepared using a facile solvothermal method. The structures and morphologies of the products were investigated using an X-ray powder diffractometer and a transmission electron microscope. Modified by the capping agent of poly(acrylic acid), the as-prepared NaYF4 NCs show excellent water solubility. Under 980-nm excitation, the aqueous solution of the sample displayed a bright green upconversion (UC) fluorescence. The luminescence dynamics were further studied based on the UC excitation pathways and the emission processes. Such water soluble UC samples may find application in the field of biological imaging.

scholarly journals THE LIMITING MECHANISM IN TARSAL CHEMORECEPTION

1951 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Dethier
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gain Access

Rejection thresholds of eight primary alcohols applied to the tarsal chemoreceptors of the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen and the ovipositor of Gryllus assimilis Fab. have been determined. Three different solvents for the alcohols have been used: water, ethylene glycol, and mineral oil. The comparative stimulating effectiveness of the alcohols assumes a different aspect with each different solvent. In oil the range of thresholds from methanol to octanol extends over less than one log unit as compared with the corresponding thresholds in water which extend over four log units. In glycol the thresholds extend over two and one half log units only. When water is employed as a solvent, the line which describes the relationship between threshold concentration and chain length of the compound exhibits a sharp break at or near butanol. No such discontinuity is evident when glycol or oil is employed as solvent. This is offered as evidence supporting the hypothesis that the limiting mechanism in tarsal chemoreception involves a two phase system whereby highly water-soluble compounds gain access to the receptor through an aqueous phase and the larger lipoid-soluble molecules chiefly through a lipoid phase. Additional facts which support this idea are gained from data which show that the inflection in the curve occurs at different points with different species of insects and is conspicuously absent in the case of man. When thresholds in aqueous solutions are converted from molar concentrations to activities, it is clear that the relation of equal physiological effect at equal thermodynamic activities does not apply here. The lower members of the series stimulate at progressively increasing activities up to pentanol and then at progressively decreasing activities. Furthermore, the ratio of water threshold to oil threshold exhibits no obvious agreement with the water/oil partition coefficients determined experimentally. These results indicate either that the limiting process of chemoreception in these insects does not depend upon the establishment of an equilibrium or that some kinetic effect is obscuring an underlying relationship which does so depend.

scholarly journals The interphase distribution of light REE Ce(III) and La(III) in system based on PEG-1500 – NaNO3 – H2O with the quaternary ammonium base addition

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
A V Levina ◽  
A Ya Fedorov ◽  
M I Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Base ◽  
Promising Alternative

Abstract The problem of e-waste processing and recovery of valuable metals from such waste for the second use is attracting more and more scientists’ attention. Liquid extraction as one of hydrometallurgy steps is a traditional method for the metal recovery. However, application of solvent extraction is not meet the green chemistry principles due to organic solvents. Aqueous two-phase systems based on water-soluble polymers are promising alternative for hazardous organic solvents. In this work the dependencies of Ce(III) and La(III) distribution coefficients from process time and the initial quaternary ammonium base concentration have been achieved. Also, based on the Ce(III) and La(III) extraction isotherms it has been shown that the metals initial concentrations are highly affects the distribution coefficients of studied metals. The possibility of aqueous two-phase system application as a solvent for quaternary ammonium salt for light REE (Ce(III) and La(III)) extraction from water solution has been shown.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Electrodeposition of Silver and Tungsten from [EMIm]Cl:AlCl3 Ionic Liquids outside the Glove Box

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Dominik Höhlich ◽  
Thomas Mehner ◽  
Ingolf Scharf ◽  
Thomas Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Phase System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Simultaneous Electrodeposition ◽  
Electrodeposition Of Silver

Ag–W two-phase system was prepared by electrodeposition using anhydrous 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [EMIm]Cl ionic-liquid (IL) solution with AlCl3 in different ratios. The deposition took place outside the glove box with a continuous Ar stream over the electrolyte at 120 °C and a pulsed-like current regime. Resultant layers show areas of Ag and W with an overall W content with a mass fraction of w W   = 50% (mole fraction x W   = 36.9%). The phase composition of Ag–W layers was observed by X-ray diffraction, and the chemical composition was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.

Study of Aqueous Two Phase System on Water Soluble Bio Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Shao Peng Liu ◽  
Zhi Min Zong ◽  
Shan Shan Zhang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Gui Zhen Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

This paper was aimed to study the aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) on water soluble bio oil(SBO), in which ethanol, K2HPO4, NaH2PO4and (NH4)2SO4were selected to form the water soluble bio oil(SBO) aqueous two phase system (ATPS). After phase separation, the extraction rates and the volume ratios of the upper to lower layer of the ATPSs were investigeted. Both the upper and lower layers of these SBO ATPSs were analyzed by elemental analyzer and Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The different extraction rates indicates the influnces of different salt during the phase saperation, of which NaH2PO4has less effect to SBO than the other two; K2HPO4may neutralize some organic acid; the lowest extraction rate of ethanol/(NH4)2SO4system indicates the effects of (NH4)2SO4to SBO. Too much ethanol will fech in more water, hence the optimizational ratio of the SBO ATPS should be SBO:salt:ethanol=10:10:5. In element analysis, the diclining of oxygen in all the upper layers and the increasing of nitrogion in both layers of (NH4)2SO4system indicates the abbility of the less oxygen components concentration of the ATPS and the reaction between (NH4)2SO4and SBO. According to FTIR test, the lack of absorption at 1515cm-1of all the lower layers indicates the completely transforming of phenols into the upper layers. Because of the high extraction rate and less influence to SBO, ethanol/NaH2PO4system may be the most suitable ATPS for SBO extraction.

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