Natürliche Hemmstoffe von Keimung und Wachstum, I Ausarbeitung eines quantitativen Biotests und Anwendung auf Extrakte aus Spelzen von Avena sativa L. / Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, I. Development of a Quantitative Biotest and Application upon Extracts from Husks of Avena sativa L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Karl ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Carbonic Acids ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Extracts from oat husks inhibit germination of a variety of seeds including Avena sativa L., Sorghum spec., Phalleris spec., Raphanus spec., Amaranthus caudatus, Lepidium sativum L. A quantitative assay for this inhibition was developed on the basis of percentage of root growth of Avena in the presence of extracted material compared with root growth of water controls. Fractionation of the extracts revealed that about half of the total inhibitory activity was found in the fraction of free organic acids. The inhibition was not due to known inhibitors. Abscisic acid. was not found in this extract. Phenole carbonic acids were determined in the extract. Their con­centration was too low to significantly contribute to the observed inhibitory activity.

Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth IV Compounds from Fruit and Seeds of Mountain Ash (Sorbus aucuparia)

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Oster ◽  
Inge Bios ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Inhibitors ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Extracts from ripe fruit and seeds of Sorbus aucuparia inhibit germination of other seeds, tested with Amaranthus caudatus and Lepidium sativum. The main compound of the “neutral fraction” of fruit extracts is the lactone compound parasorbic acid (4 -7 mg/g fresh weight) which inhibits germination at concentrations ≧ 5 × 10-4 ᴍ. The “acid fraction” contains abscisic acid (1.3-2.5 µg/g fresh weight) and isopropylmalic acid (1.0-1.5 µg/g fresh weight) as germination inhibitors. Whereas abscisic acid inhibits germination of L. sativum at concentration ≧ 5 × 10-7 ᴍ, germination of A. caudatus is inhibited only at concentrations ≧ 10-5 ᴍ. This is probably due to differences in uptake of the acid because abscisic acid methylester inhibits germination of both species at concentrations ≧ 5 × 10-7 ᴍ. Isopropylmalic acid belongs to a structural type of germination inhibitors which had already been detected in oat extracts.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT AFTER-RIPENING TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH INHIBITORS IN ROSA RUGOSA

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. SVEJDA ◽  
P. A. POAPST
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Germination Inhibitors ◽  
Rosa Rugosa ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

The concentration of growth and germination inhibitors in achenes from seedlings of R. rugosa Thunberg is reduced through leaching. Leaching of achenes for 24 hr before stratification increased the germination but the effect of leaching was not always significant. The presence of inhibitors was indicated between Rf 0.3–0.4 and Rf 0.7–0.9 by the retarding effect on radicle elongation of cress seeds (Lepidium sativum L. cult Moss Curled) when extracts of achenes were developed on ascending paper chromatograms (isopropanol:ammonia:water, 10:1:1, v/v). Changed concentrations of the inhibitor between Rf 0.7 and 0.9 from different after-ripening treatments did affect the germination of the achenes but the changed concentrations of the inhibitor between Rf 0.3 and 0.4 did not. Presumably, the inhibitor between Rf 0.7 and 0.9 was abscisic acid. Warm–cold treatments promoted germination more effectively than cold treatments. The most effective treatment was 4 weeks at 20 C and 8 weeks at 4 C. Both cold and warm–cold after-ripening seemed to promote germination through a reduction of growth inhibitors. Inhibitors do not control the germination of rose achenes exclusively because: (a) leaching reduced the concentration of inhibitors but it did not induce germination without after-ripening treatments; (b) partial after-ripening for 4 weeks at 20 C also reduced the concentration of inhibitors but it did not induce germination unless it was followed by an after-ripening period of 4 C; (c) after-ripened achenes germinated in spite of inhibitors.

Natürliche Hemmstoffe von Keimung und Wachstum II Isolierung und Struktur von Hemmstoffen aus , Avena sativa L.+ / Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth II Isolation and Structure of Inhibitors from Avena sativa L

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 802-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Lohaus ◽  
Inge Bios ◽  
Wolfram Schäfer ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Germination Inhibitors ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Extracts from oat husks which inhibit germination of a variety of seeds were fractionated. After mild alkaline hydrolysis, two active fractions A1 and A2 were obtained. From A1 which contains mainly aliphatic di- and tricarboxylic acids, the inhibitor was isolated by chromatographic procedures and identified as 1,3,4-pentanetricarboxylic acid (11 b) by mass spectrometry. The structure was confirmed by total synthesis of the compound in the form of a mixture of diastereomers 11 a/11 b. From A2, two aromatic compounds were isolated by chromatography and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry as 3,4-dimethoxyacetophenone (12) and dimethoxybutylbenzene. Compounds with similar structures were compared with the natural germination inhibitors with regard to their bioactivity.

Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, VII Synthesis of Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase in Darkness and Its Inhibition by Coumarin

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Helena Burghardt ◽  
Harald Brunner ◽  
Ralf Oelmüller ◽  
Friedrich Lottspeich ◽  
Ulrike Oster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dark Incubation ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
Rbcl Mrna

Abstract Dedicated to Prof. Aloysius Wild on the occasion of his 65th birthday Lepidium sativum, Cruciferin, Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase, Inhibition of Transcription Cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds were germinated in darkness. Seedlings were investigated for soluble proteins by SDS-PAGE. Two proteins were identified by microsequencing: the small subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (SSU) and the alpha subunit of the storage protein cruciferin. Net synthesis of small and large subunits of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (SSU and LSU) was investigated by Western blot. Net synthesis of both subunits was inhibited by coumarin. To the contrary, net synthesis of cruciferin was increased by coumarin. With specific cDNA probes, we determined steady state levels of the corresponding mRNAs (rbcS mRNA for SSU, rbcL mRNA for LSU). Both mRNAs can be detected in dry seeds; their amount increases during germination in the dark. Incubation with coumarin inhibits this increase. Inhibition of development by coumarin on the level of transcription is discussed.

scholarly journals Garcienone, a Novel Compound Involved in Allelopathic Activity of Garcinia Xanthochymus Hook

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahfuzur Rob ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki ◽  
Ryota Suzuki ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Garcinia Xanthochymus ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Plants are sources of diversified allelopathic substances that can be investigated for use in eco-friendly and efficient herbicides. An aqueous methanol extract from the leaves of Garcinia xanthochymus exhibited strong inhibitory activity against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and appears to be a promising source of allelopathic substances. Hence, bio-activity guided purification of the extract through a series of column chromatography steps yielded a novel compound assigned as garcienone ((R, E)-5-hydroxy-5-((6S, 9S)-6-methyl-9-(prop-13-en-10-yl) tetrahydrofuran-6-yl) pent-3-en-2-one). Garcienone significantly inhibited the growth of cress at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentrations resulting in 50% growth inhibition (I50) of cress roots and shoots were 120.5 and 156.3 μM, respectively. This report is the first to isolate and identify garcienone and to determine its allelopathic potential.

ANTIOESTROGENIC ACTIVITY IN FAHLI CLOVER HAY AND OAT HAY

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Fodder Plants

ABSTRACT The presence of oestrogen inhibitory activity in oat hay (Avena sativa) and Fahli clover hay (Trifolium alexandrinum var. Fahli) has been established. The antioestrogenic effect was demonstrated by the inhibition of uterine weight increase in rats (Astwood test) in response to oestradiol injected together with the above mentioned plant extracts. The extraction procedures are described in detail and the possible biological implications of antioestrogenic and oestrogenic activity in fodder plants is discussed.

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