Produktion pflanzlicher C6-Wundgase und ihre Wirkung auf einige phytopathogene Pilze / Production of C6-Wound Gases by Plants and the Effect on Some Phytopathogenic Fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Urbasch
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Cyphomandra Betacea ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Tree Tomato

Abastract The production of C6-wound gases by cultivated and wild tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculenium Mill., L. hirsutum Humb. et Bonpl., L. peruvianum (L.) Mill., L. pimpinellifolium Mill., L. glandulosum C. H. Muller) and the tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.) was investigated. The genuine mixture of compounds and the single compounds showed antifungal properties against the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea Pers., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen, Didymelia lycopersici Kleb, and Cladosporium fulvum Cooke.

scholarly journals The Elicitation Effect of Pathogenic Fungi on Trichodermin Production byTrichoderma brevicompactum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Ping Shentu ◽  
Wei-Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao-Huan Zhan ◽  
Xiao-Ping Yu ◽  
Chuan-Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Optimum Time

The effects of six species of phytopathogenic fungi mycelia as elicitors on trichodermin yield byTrichoderma brevicompactumwere investigated. Neither nonviable nor viable mycelia ofBotrytis cinerea,Alternaria solani,Colletotrichum lindemuthianum,andThanatephorus cucumerisdemonstrated any elicitation on the accumulation of trichodermin. However, the production of trichodermin was increased by the presence of viable/nonviableRhizoctonia solaniandFusarium oxysporummycelia. The strongest elicitation effect was found at the presence of nonviableR. solani. At the presence of nonviableR. solani, the maximum yield of trichodermin (144.55 mg/L) was significantly higher than the Control (67.8 mg/L), and the cultivation time to obtain the maximum yield of trichodermin decreased from 72 h to 60 h. No difference of trichodermin accumulation was observed by changing the concentration of nonviableR. solanifrom 0.1 to 1.6 g/L. It was observed that the optimum time for adding nonviableR. solaniis immediately after inoculation. The diameter ofT. brevicompactummycelial globule after 72 h cultivation with nonviableR. solanielicitor was smaller than that of the Control.

scholarly journals Host And Temperature Preferensce, Male Occurrence And Morfomentrics Offungivorous Nematode, Aphelenchus Avenae Isolates From Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Buni Amin
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae

ABSTRACT. Host and temperature preference, male accurrence, and morfomentrics of 39 isolates of Apehelenchus avenae were investigated. Of the 39 isolates, 33 were from 7 sistrict of Kyushu, 3 preference were investigated on 4 species of fungi; Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Melonis, and Pyitum aphanidermatum growing on 1/5 strength PDA medium. The nematodes were incubated on respective fungus mat for 30 days at 25 and 30 OC host fungi and temperatures gave rise to various levels of reproduction and male accurance. The isolates were divided into 5 groups based on their reproductivity on their host fungi at the 2 temperature regimes. Most of the isolates of A. avenae progated themselves at 25 0C on B. cinera and R. solani AG-4, was 60.850 given by Nagasaki isolates (NA3). The maximum multiplication 48.420 at 0C accured on R. solani byu Kagoshima isiolate (KA3). The occurrence of males was very low in all isolates and it occurred only at 30 0C. De Man’s value of body dimension were measured and showed no significant variation among the isolates. Besides, There were no realtions between groupings by host preference and by body dimension.

scholarly journals Fungi isolated from Stewartia pseudocamellia Max. seeds and their pathogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Halina Kurzawińska ◽  
Piotr Muras
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Typical Composition

The aim of studies was to determine typical composition of fungi occurring on seeds of <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>.The studies conducted on 100 disinfected and 100 nondisinfected seeds of these plants.Isolates of <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon radicicola</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were characterized by pathogenicity towards the investigated <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>. In the laboratory experiment, 204 isolations of microorganisms were obtained that belonged to 20 species and form of fungi and bacteria. Among fungi there were both of parasite (<i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>) and typical saprophytic (<i>Cladosporium</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., <i>Epicoccum</i> spp., <i>Mucor</i> spp.). The dominant fungus on seeds was <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. Among the investigated isolates only one isolate (R4) <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, was strongly pathogenic, isolates (A1) <i>Alternaria alternata</i> were weakly pathogenic to seedlings of <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>.

scholarly journals Phytopathogenic Fungal Inhibitors from Celery Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Fu-Guang Liu ◽  
Hui-Qin Xie ◽  
Qing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Celery Seeds

Extract of celery ( Apium graveolens L.) seeds was investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. The light petroleum extract showed promising inhibition activities in the tests against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfecum. Chromatographic separation of the extract gave 19 fractions, one of which, QCZ-4, possessed significant inhibitory rates of 64.6%, 88.4% and 54.7% at a concentration of 100 ppm against R. solani, F. oxysporium f. sp. vasinfecum and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Major components in the active fraction were identified by GC-MS as p-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (39.7%), 3-(3,4-dimethybenzoyl) propionic acid (32.6%) and p-heptylphenol (26.9%).

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of Septoria lycopersici Tomatinase in Cladosporium fulvum: Effects on Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Tomato Seedlings

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Melton ◽  
Lynda M. Flegg ◽  
James K. M. Brown ◽  
Richard P. Oliver ◽  
Michael J. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Septoria Lycopersici ◽  
Tomato Pathogen ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

The anti-fungal, steroidal, glycoalkaloid saponin, α-tomatine, is present in uninfected tomato plants in substantial concentrations, and may contribute to the protection of tomato plants against attack by phytopathogenic fungi. In general, successful fungal pathogens of tomato are more resistant to α-tomatine in vitro than fungi that do not infect this plant. For a number of tomato pathogens, this resistance has been associated with the ability to detoxify α-tomatine through the action of enzymes known as tomatinases. In contrast, the biotrophic tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is sensitive to α-tomatine and is unable to detoxify this saponin. This paper describes the effects of heterologous expression of the cDNA encoding tomatinase from the necrotroph Septoria lycopersici in two different physiological races of C. fulvum. Tomatinase-producing C. fulvum transformants showed increased sporulation on cotyledons of susceptible tomato lines. They also caused more extensive infection of seedlings of resistant tomato lines. Thus, α-tomatine may contribute to the ability of tomato to restrict the growth of C. fulvum in both compatible and incompatible interactions.

HONGOS FITOPATÓGENOS MODULAN LA EXPRESIÓN DE LOS GENES ANTIMICROBIANOS phlD Y hcnC DE LA RIZOBACTERIA Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270

Biotecnia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Julie E. Hernández-Salmerón ◽  
Benjamín R. Hernández-Flores ◽  
Ma del Carmen Rocha-Granados ◽  
Pedro D. Loeza- Lara ◽  
Gustavo Santoyo
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fusarium Solani

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto antagónico de la rizobacteria promotora del crecimiento vegetal Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 hacia los hongos fitopatógenos Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani y Rhizoctonia solani. También, se determinó la expresión de los genes phlD y hcnC de la cepa UM270 en presencia de los fitopatógenos durante bioensayos de antagonismo in vitro. Los resultados muestran que la cepa UM270 logra inhibir el crecimiento del micelio de B. cinerea (45%), F. solani (25%) y R. solani (24%) en diferente grado, mientras que para F. oxysporum (1%) no hubo inhibición significativa. Al analizar la expresión del gen phlD, se observó que los patógenos la modulan diferencialmente, ya que mientras B. cinerea induce su expresión, los demás patógenos la reprimen . En el caso del gen hcnC, B. cinerea y F. oxysporum no afectaron su expresión, mientras que F. solani y R. solani la inhibieron. Estos resultados sugieren que los fitopatógenos pueden modular la expresión de genes importantes para la síntesis de compuestos antimicrobianos en Pseudomonas fluoresces UM270.

In vitro attachment of phylloplane yeasts to Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W Allen ◽  
Leon L Burpee ◽  
James W Buck
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Phylloplane Yeasts

The ability of yeasts to attach to hyphae or conidia of phytopathogenic fungi has been speculated to contribute to biocontrol activity on plant surfaces. Attachment of phylloplane yeasts to Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa was determined using in vitro attachment assays. Yeasts were incubated for 2 d on potato dextrose agar (PDA) prior to experimentation. A total of 292 yeasts cultured on PDA were screened for their ability to attach to conidia of B. cinerea; 260 isolates (89.1%) attached to conidia forming large aggregates of cells, and 22 isolates (7.5%) weakly attached to conidia with 1 or 2 yeast cells attached to a few conidia. Ten yeasts (3.4%), including 8 isolates of Cryptococcus laurentii, 1 isolate of Cryptococcus flavescens, and an unidentified species of Cryptococcus, failed to attach to conidia. All non-attaching yeasts produced copious extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) on PDA. Seventeen yeast isolates did not attach to hyphal fragments of B. cinerea, R. solani, and S. homoeocarpa after a 1 h incubation, but attachment was observed after 24 h. Culture medium, but not culture age, significantly affected the attachment of yeast cells to conidia of B. cinerea. The 10 yeast isolates that did not attach to conidia when grown on agar did attach to conidia (20%–57% of conidia with attached yeast cells) when cultured in liquid medium. Attachment of the biocontrol yeast Rhodotorula glutinis PM4 to conidia of B. cinerea was significantly greater at 1 × 107 yeast cells·mL–1 than at lower concentrations of yeast cells. The ability of yeast cells to attach to fungal conidia or hyphae appears to be a common phenotype among phylloplane yeasts.Key words: adhesion, biological control, Cryptococcus laurentii, Rhodotorula glutinis.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Trichoderma asperellum on Tomato Plants against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea Diseases Involves Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica I. Herrera-Téllez ◽  
Ana K. Cruz-Olmedo ◽  
Javier Plasencia ◽  
Marina Gavilanes-Ruíz ◽  
Oscar Arce-Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Tomato Plants

Trichoderma species are fungi widely employed as plant-growth-promoting agents and for biological control. Several commercial and laboratory-made solid formulations for mass production of Trichoderma have been reported. In this study, we evaluated a solid kaolin-based formulation to promote the absortion/retention of Trichoderma asperellum in the substrate for growing tomato plants. The unique implementation of this solid formulation resulted in an increased growth of the tomato plants, both in roots and shoots after 40 days of its application. Plants were challenged with two fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea, and pretreatment with T. asperellum resulted in less severe wilting and stunting symptoms than non-treated plants. Treatment with T. asperellum formulation inhibited Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in response to the pathogens in comparison to plants that were only challenged with both pathogens. These results suggest that decrease in ROS levels contribute to the protective effects exerted by T. asperellum in tomato.

scholarly journals Streptomycetes antagonism against Cladosporium fulvum Cooke and Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1897-1900
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Fermino Soares ◽  
Carla da Silva Sousa ◽  
Marlon da Silva Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Development Methods

This research aimed to evaluate the secondary effects of secondary metabolites produced by streptomycetes on spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Cladosporium fulvum Cooke and Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici from tomato plants. Metabolites produced by streptomycete isolates codified as AC-147 and AC-92 caused 94.1% inhibition of C. fulvum while AC-95 isolate caused 33.9% inhibition. AC-92 was the most efficient for F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, causing 94.2% inhibition of spore germination. For mycelial growth, AC-26 and AC-92 were the most efficient in inhibiting C. fulvum growth by 46.6% and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by 29.9%. These streptomycetes are potential agents for biocontrol development methods of these tomato plant pathogenic fungi.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document