Enterolactone and Other Lignan Metabolites as Taxon-Specifi c Markers in Modern and Ancient Woodrat Middens

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
David A. Zinniker ◽  
Camille A. Holmgren ◽  
Bernd R. T. Simoneit
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Source ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Plant Lignans

Diversely sourced degradation products of higher plant lignans were identifi ed in modern and ancient woodrat (Neotoma) middens. The markers indicate extensive chemical modifi cation by intestinal microbial communities of mammals. The observed defunctionalized phenols represent a group of natural products, and their structural elements reveal information about the plant source. The phenols are derived mainly from two precursor types: (1) enterolactone and derivatives from conifer lignans, and (2) 2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butane and related compounds from lignans such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid common in Larrea sp. (e.g. creosote bush)

Prevention of Microbial Communities: Novel Approaches Based Natural Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mogosanu ◽  
Alexandru Grumezescu ◽  
Keng-Shiang Huang ◽  
Ludovic Bejenaru ◽  
Cornelia Bejenaru
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Novel Approaches

scholarly journals Genome Reduction and Secondary Metabolism of the Marine Sponge-Associated Cyanobacterium Leptothoe

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Despoina Konstantinou ◽  
Rafael V. Popin ◽  
David P. Fewer ◽  
Kaarina Sivonen ◽  
Spyros Gkelis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Genome Reduction ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Genes Encoding

Sponges form symbiotic relationships with diverse and abundant microbial communities. Cyanobacteria are among the most important members of the microbial communities that are associated with sponges. Here, we performed a genus-wide comparative genomic analysis of the newly described marine benthic cyanobacterial genus Leptothoe (Synechococcales). We obtained draft genomes from Le. kymatousa TAU-MAC 1615 and Le. spongobia TAU-MAC 1115, isolated from marine sponges. We identified five additional Leptothoe genomes, host-associated or free-living, using a phylogenomic approach, and the comparison of all genomes showed that the sponge-associated strains display features of a symbiotic lifestyle. Le. kymatousa and Le. spongobia have undergone genome reduction; they harbored considerably fewer genes encoding for (i) cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups, pigments, proteins, and amino acid biosynthesis; (ii) DNA repair; (iii) antioxidant enzymes; and (iv) biosynthesis of capsular and extracellular polysaccharides. They have also lost several genes related to chemotaxis and motility. Eukaryotic-like proteins, such as ankyrin repeats, playing important roles in sponge-symbiont interactions, were identified in sponge-associated Leptothoe genomes. The sponge-associated Leptothoe stains harbored biosynthetic gene clusters encoding novel natural products despite genome reduction. Comparisons of the biosynthetic capacities of Leptothoe with chemically rich cyanobacteria revealed that Leptothoe is another promising marine cyanobacterium for the biosynthesis of novel natural products.

The Exploitation of Enzymatically-Derivedcis-1,2-Dihydrocatechols and Related Compounds in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab S. Taher ◽  
Martin G. Banwell ◽  
Joshua N. Buckler ◽  
Qiao Yan ◽  
Ping Lan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Active Natural

Biosynthesis of Diverse Class Flavonoids via Shikimate and Phenylpropanoid Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Phosphoenol Pyruvate

Flavonoids are natural products, which are useful in the protection of various types of human diseases. Several bioactive flavonoids as chalcones, flavonols, flavanol, flavones, flavanone, flavan, isoflavonoids, and proanthocyanidin, are found in parts as leaves, root, bark, stem, flowers, weed, fruits of plant species. Flavonoids are synthesized in higher plant species via the shikimate pathway, phenylpropanoid and polyketide pathway. The chalcones and flavanones are central intermediates of the pathway, which give several diverse classes of flavonoids. Central intermediates pathway (chalcones and flavanones pathway) depends on plants species and group of enzymes such as hydroxylases, reductases and isomerases to give different classes of flavonoids skeleton. The anthocyanins, isoflavonoids and condensed tannin (proanthocyanidins) are an important class of flavonoids, which synthesized by flavanones. Mostly, biosynthesis of flavonoids start from phenylpropanoid pathway. The phenylpropanoid pathway starts from shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway starts from phosphoenol pyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate.

scholarly journals Separation and Quantitation of Alkylphosphocholines and Analogues of Different Liposome Formulations by HPTLC

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Ratz ◽  
Horst Schnell ◽  
Matthias Rischer ◽  
Hans-Jörg Eibl
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Chromatographic System ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract High-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) analysis of non UV-active phospholipids in biological matrixes is a common method for separation, detection, and quantitation. Liposomes containing new alkylphosphocholines and analogues with enhanced cytostatic activity had been prepared. The liposomal formulations were designed to enable the intravenous application of the alkylphosphocholines and analogues and to reduce dose-limiting toxicities observed after oral administration. For quality control the liposomes were analyzed by HPTLC for content of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DPPG), cholesterol, alkylphosphocholines, and analogues and their related compounds (main degradation products). Due to the differences in lipophily of the compounds, different mobile phases were necessary to achieve separation. Automated Multiple Development was used to reduce the number of plates and to improve the selectivity and the capacity of the chromatographic system to separate the described alkylphosphocholines and analogues from DPPG and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in one chromatographic system.

Revised Section F: Natural products and related compounds (IUPAC Recommendations 1999). Corrections and modifications (2004)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Favre ◽  
P. M. Giles ◽  
K.-H. Hellwich ◽  
A. D. McNaught ◽  
G. P. Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Related Compounds

Since publication of "Revised Section F: Natural products and related compounds" in Pure Appl.Chem. 71, 587-643 (1999), a number of errors have been detected. Further consideration of some sections now requires some extensions or further explanation. These changes are listed below.

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