Zwischen Infektionsschutz und Schutz des Erblasserwillens: Das sogenannte testamentum tempore pestis conditum in C.6,23,8 (290)

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-634
Author(s):  
Constantin Willems
Keyword(s):  
General Requirement ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Protecting the testator’s last will in times of a contagious disease: The so-called testamentum tempore pestis conditum in C. 6,23,8 (290). This paper revisits C. 6,23,8, a constitution by emperor Diocletian from 290 CE on the subject of alleviated testamentary formalities in times of a contagious disease. It is argued that the imperial rescript is to be understood against the background of an epidemic raging at that time, maybe to be identified as the smallpocks. With this constitution, it is further argued, the emperor clarifies that a former piece of legislation, not passed down to us, exempts the testamentary witnesses in such times from assembling as a group with the person of the testator, while there is no exemption from the general requirement of calling in the accustomed number of witnesses. Thus, the emperor takes account of the testator’s need to stipulate his last will in times of crisis while at the same time having an eye to the witnesses’ fear of contagion.

Everyday clinical dilemmas

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Salisbury ◽  
Sharon Dixon ◽  
Andrew N Papanikitas
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Clinical Cases

Everyday clinical dilemmas in general practice may not always be recognised as involving ethical challenges. Such cases will typically make the GP feel a bit uncomfortable and uncertain. Ethics is often seen as relevant to abstruse and complicated cases, such as cases concerning genetic testing for Huntingdon’s chorea or the reckless patient with a contagious disease. Complicated cases present relatively rarely, are recognisable and prompt us to readily seek advice from colleagues. This article offers four everyday clinical cases that illustrate ethical challenges to encourage not only thought and discussion about these cases, but also about similar cases that will present commonly to GPs and may be the subject of case-based discussions within ePortfolios or appraisal.

scholarly journals 2. On Plague, in relation to the question of its Nature, whether or not a Contagious Disease

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
John Davy
Keyword(s):  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The Subject

The author, after adverting to the methods of investigating the subject, generally and specially, and expressing preference for the latter method; and, after pointing out how desirable it is in inquiries of an obscure nature, to find out instantiœ crucis, brings forward and details some facts, which he considers as such, on the question of the contagion of plague.

scholarly journals Graph Cuts, Caveat Utilitor, and Euler's Bridges of Konigsberg

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Tustison ◽  
Paul Yushkevich ◽  
Zhuang Song ◽  
James Gee
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Energy Minimization ◽  
Research Use ◽  
General Requirement ◽  
Energy Functions ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
The Subject

Graph-based algorithms have enjoyed renewed interest for solving computer vision problems. These algorithms have been the subject of intense interest and research. In order to maintain the ITK library au courant, we developed a framework for graph-based methods of energy minimization in ITK which employ energy functions derived within a Markov Random Field (MRF) context. This required not only the implementation of the energy minimization methodology but also the more general requirement of introducing graph-related data structures into ITK which can be used for other graph-based algorithms pertinent to future extensions of the ITK library.Please note that some of the algorithms described in this paper may be covered by patents and, as such, it is incumbent upon the user to seek licenses before building the binaries which utilize this code. Also note that “research use” is not exempt from acquiring such licenses. The only exemption from patent restrictions is “. . . amusement, to satisfy idle curiosity, or for strictly philosophical inquiry.”

scholarly journals Two types of serial verb constructions in Korean: Subject-sharing and index-sharing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Composition Analysis ◽  
General Requirement ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Serial Verb Constructions ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
The Subject

In this paper I present an account for the lexical passive Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in Korean. Regarding the issue of how the arguments of an SVC are realized, I propose two hypotheses: i) Korean SVCs are broadly classified into two types, subject-sharing SVCs where the subject is structure-shared by the verbs and index-sharing SVCs where only indices of semantic arguments are structure-shared by the verbs, and ii) a semantic argument sharing is a general requirement of SVCs in Korean. I also argue that an argument composition analysis can accommodate such the new data as the lexical passive SVCs in a simple manner compared to other alternative derivational analyses.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

Artificial satellite orbit computations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

C. Wire Cabling for Telescope Systems

1966 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Data Multiplexing

Rule: I'd like at this point to bring up the subject of cables and wireways around the telescope. We've touched upon this twice during previous sessions: the cable wrap up problem, the communications problem, and data multiplexing problem. I think we'll ask Bill Baustian if he will give us a brief run down on what the electrical run problems are, besides doubling the system every year.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Direct Observations of the Epitaxial Growth of Sputtered Ag on Si

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J. S. Maa ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
In Situ Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Sputtering ◽  
The Subject

The growth of Ag films deposited on various substrate materials such as MoS2, mica, graphite, and MgO has been investigated extensively using the in situ electron microscopy technique. The three stages of film growth, namely, the nucleation, growth of islands followed by liquid-like coalescence have been observed in both the vacuum vapor deposited and ion beam sputtered thin films. The mechanisms of nucleation and growth of silver films formed by ion beam sputtering on the (111) plane of silicon comprise the subject of this paper. A novel mode of epitaxial growth is observed to that seen previously.The experimental arrangement for the present study is the same as previous experiments, and the preparation procedure for obtaining thin silicon substrate is presented in a separate paper.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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