scholarly journals Equity: What Model Should We Use When We Talk About Autism?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Rebekah Kintzinger
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Social Model ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Disability Rights Movement ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Disability Movement

In the Canadian disability rights movement, with regards to autism specifically, there has been a shift towards recognizing what is called a social model of disability. Through this movement, there has been a desire to incorporate that model into practice in governments, institutions, and healthcare. This desire also stems from advocate-centric and first-voice communities, where disabilities like autism are not viewed through a deficit-based lens. This article aims to discuss the often polarizing social and medical models of disability, comparing their uses in the disability world while weighing their respective benefits. Finally, an alternative model of disability that intersects these models is discussed as an alternative. This model is called the International Classification of Functioning, which recognizes three levels that impair a disabled person: the body, the person, and the environment. It is from this focus that policy can be developed to answer the calls of the pan-disability movement; to provide equitable changes across services and domains that are rightly deserved for Autistic and disabled people. 

The Disability Rights Movement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Scotch ◽  
Kara Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Disability Rights Movement ◽  
Disability Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Conceptual Underpinning

This chapter provides an overview of the social movement advocating for disability rights, including its origins, goals, strategies, structure, and impact. The chapter’s primary focus is on the movement in the United States, although developments in other nations are also discussed. The chapter reviews the origins of the disability rights movement in the 20th century in response to stigma and discrimination associated with disabilities and the medical model of disability; addresses the movement’s advocacy strategies, as well as the social model of disability that provided the conceptual underpinning for its goals and activities; and describes how the major components of the movement, including cross-disability organization, were brought together through collaboration and the common experiences of disability culture.

‘I DON’T WANT TO BE CARRIED LIKE LUGGAGE’: DISABILITY AND PHYSICAL ACCESS TO TANZANIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Majinge ◽  
Christine Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Social Model ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Library Directors ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Physical Access ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This article reports on an empirical study which investigated access for people in wheelchairs and/or with visual impairments to Tanzanian academic libraries. A pragmatism paradigm and Oliver’s (1990) social model of disability were employed as well as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Using quantitative and qualitative methods, questionnaires, interview schedules and an observation checklist were used to collect data. The study sample from the libraries of five Tanzanian higher education institutions (HEIs) totalled 196 respondents. The respondents were library directors, other professional library and disability unit staff, Ministry of Education’s Special Needs Unit staff, and people in wheelchairs and/or with visual impairments. The study found that there were no functioning lifts and/or ramps in the academic libraries studied which could have enabled these users to reach the upper floors where the information resources or services were located. For academic libraries to provide services which are inclusive, as well as certain special services for users with disabilities, various guidelines need to be implemented. Examples include library buildings having working lifts and/or ramps, and signage and location devices appropriate for people with visual impairments. The study findings could be used to improve physical access to these academic libraries.

Responses of the Occupational Therapy Profession to the Perspective of the Disability Movement, Part 1

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disability Movement

Since the 1960s, people with disabilities have been developing their own perspective on what it means to be disabled. At the vanguard of this development was the independent living movement which, with other organisations of disabled people, identified disabled people as a group experiencing a particular oppression, disabled by social processes and handicapped by society's lack of commitment to the creation of enabling environments. Part 1 of this article examines the genesis and development of the disability movement. The ideas and analysis that the disability movement has generated and its critique of the medical model of disability are outlined, and its impact — both ideological and legislative — is reviewed. The changing professional philosophy of occupational therapy is described and the impact on it of changing social values is assessed. Part 2 will review the explicit responses of the occupational therapy profession to the disability movement. The validity of the social model of disability for occupational therapy interventions will be considered and an analysis will be presented of the implications for the profession's philosophy and practice of the adoption of the social model of disability in appropriate areas of practice.

scholarly journals Disability, Rights and Vulnerability in British Parliamentary Debate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Odell
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Parliamentary Debate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disability Movement ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper examines discussion of disability and disabled people by Members of Parliament (MPs) in the UK House of Commons from 1979–2017. It examines general trends in the number of speeches mentioning disability, including the parties and MPs most likely to mention disability issues, and examines how disability is used in conjunction with two keywords: ‘rights’ and ‘vulnerable’. It uses these keywords to explore two conceptions of how the state should engage with disability and disabled people: a paternalistic conception (which post-2010 has become more common) and a rights-based conception (which has been in decline since the 1990s). I conclude with a discussion about how this reflects the disability movement in the UK, and what it means for the future of disability politics, the welfare state and how disabled people themselves might view paternalistic government policies.

Understanding models of disability to improve responses to children with learning disabilities

2019 ◽  
pp. 231-246
Author(s):  
Emilie Smeaton
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Attitudinal Barriers ◽  
Models Of Disability

This chapter explores the differences between a medical and a social model of disability to support application of these models to children with learning disabilities who experience, or are at risk of, child sexual exploitation (CSE). Medical knowledge about learning disabilities can support with assessment and understanding the physical symptoms that accompany a learning disability. The social model reinforces how social, cultural, material, and attitudinal barriers also form a disability and, in relation to children and young people with disabilities who experience, or are at risk of, CSE, highlight the importance of ensuring that this group, along with their non-disabled peers, have the support and opportunities to develop safe and healthy relationships. The chapter includes an overview of how disability intersects with abuse in general and CSE in particular. In addition, it draws upon evidence-based learning to consider how theory-informed services can identify children with learning disabilities affected by CSE and implement accessible services that deliver preventative and responsive practice to meet their needs.

Do the commonly used standard questionnaires measure what is of concern to patients with low back pain?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313-1324
Author(s):  
Verena Calmon Almeida ◽  
Walderi Monteiro da Silva Junior ◽  
Olaf Kraus de Camargo ◽  
Valter Joviniano de Santana Filho ◽  
Géssica Uruga Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Low Back

Objective: Evaluate whether questionnaires identified all the self-reported patient outcomes raised in focus groups. Design: Mixed methods research combined with qualitative analysis of focus groups. Settings: Physical therapy clinic in a teaching hospital in Brazil. Subjects: A total of 27 patients (aged >18 years, mean age 55.2 years) with chronic non-specific low back pain. Interventions: Three focus groups were conducted by the same investigator and analyzed by meaning unit condensation. The results obtained from the focus groups were codified according to the International Classification of Functioning. A similar process was adopted to codify the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index according to the International Classification of Functioning. The results of both coding processes were compared. Results: In the analysis, seven main concepts were identified, comprising 77 meaning units. Only three meaning units were not linked to the International Classification of Functioning. Most of the codes present in the questionnaires and focus groups represent limitations to activities. Some codes were identified in the questionnaires that were not mentioned by the focus group participants. No questionnaire assessed environmental factors or problems related to specific parts of the body, and very few assessed body function, all of which were issues raised in the focus groups. Conclusion: This study shows that not all fields considered important by patients to their function are being evaluated, and emotional and contextual factors should be included in clinical assessments in order to fully understand patient need.

scholarly journals Avaliação da funcionalidade de indivíduos de uma mesma família com doença de Kennedy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 27221
Author(s):  
Sabrina Valar Feronatto ◽  
Sabrina Oro ◽  
Letícia Fassina ◽  
Cristian Roncada ◽  
Renata D`Agostini Nicolini-Panisson
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Kennedy’S Disease ◽  
Kennedy's Disease ◽  
One Year

***Functionality evaluation of subjects of the same family with Kennedy's Disease***AIMS: To assess the functionality of individuals of a same family who present Kennedy's disease, and to compare it with the results obtained after one year and a half to verify the evolution of the disease.METHODS: Case series, in which six individuals with Kennedy's disease were evaluated in two moments separated by one year and a half. The instrument used was the Core Set for International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for neuromuscular diseases. This structured questionnaire seeks information on health domains, functional situations and their restrictions. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0, with descriptive analysis.RESULTS: After one year and a half the body function components worsened, with consequent decline in function, demonstrated in the activity and participation component. Only one domain of the body function component had improvement in the second evaluation. During the evaluation period, several facilitating environmental factors (bars or stair rails, internal bars in residences, ramps, health plan, gaiters, automobile, telephone and electronic gate) remained. However, the magnitude of the deficiency of some products and supporting technologies (stairs and bathroom without bars) increased, which may have impaired the functionality of these individuals.CONCLUSIONS: Functionality was altered in individuals with Kennedy's disease, and the disease progression has accentuated the deficiency in the components of the International Classification of Functionality after one year and a half. There was a lack of some supporting products and technologies to personal use in daily life.

scholarly journals Combating Prejudice in the Workplace with Contact Theory: The Lived Experiences of Professionals with Disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul David Harpur
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Disability Rights Movement ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Key Factor

<p>People with disabilities often confront barriers in exercising their right to work.&nbsp; Social model scholarship has recognised that attitude is a key factor in the disablement of people with impairments.&nbsp; This study reports on 28 semi-structured interviews with professionals with disabilities.&nbsp; Drawing from their lived experiences and roles in the disability rights movement, the professionals with disabilities interviewed in this study provide unique perspectives on the instances of attitudinal discrimination.&nbsp; The interviewees discuss the tactics they employ to reduce the negative impact of erroneous stereotypes and the successes of such tactics.&nbsp; Many of the tactics employed by interviewees reflect strategies discussed in contact theory scholarship.&nbsp; This study focuses upon contact theory and considers the similarities between this theory and the interventions of interviewees.&nbsp; Through positing interviewees' tactics in the literature this study is able to analyse possible positive and negative consequences of such interventions.&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong>&nbsp;Contact theory, right to work, professionals with disabilities</p>

scholarly journals “This journey has definitely changed me”: An ethnographic narrative exploring disabled peoples’ lives through embodied experiences and identity negotiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Callan Sait
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Embodied Experiences

<p>Following calls from both disability studies and anthropology to provide ethnographic accounts of disability, this thesis presents the narratives of nine people living with disability, focusing on what disability means to them, how it is incorporated into their identities, and how it shapes their lived experiences. While accounts of disability from disability studies often focus on the social model of disability (Shakespeare 2006) and emphasise social stigma and oppression (Goffman 1967, Susman 1994), anthropological accounts often emphasise the suffering and search for cures (Rapp and Ginsburg 2012) that is assumed to accompany disability. Both approaches have their benefits, but neither pay particularly close attention to the personal experiences of individuals, on their own terms.  By taking elements from both disciplines, this thesis aims to present a balanced view that emphasises the lived experiences of individuals with disability, and uses these experiences as a starting point for wider social analysis. The primary focus of this thesis is understanding how disability shapes an individual’s identity: what physical, emotional, and social factors influence how these people are perceived – by themselves and others? Through my participants’ narratives I explore how understandings of normal bodies and normal lives influence their sense of personhood, and investigate the role of stigma in mediating social encounters and self-concepts. Furthermore, I undertake a novel study of the role of technology in the lives of people living with disability. My work explores how both assistive and non-assistive (‘general’) technologies are perceived and utilised by my participants in ways that effect not just the physical experience of disability, but also social perceptions and personal understandings of the body/self.  I argue that although the social model of disability is an excellent analytical tool, and one which has provided tangible benefits for disabled people, its political nature can sometimes lead to a homogenisation of disabled experiences; something which this thesis is intended to remedy by providing ethnographic narratives of disability, grounded in the embodied experiences of individuals.</p>

scholarly journals TYPES OF READINESS OF SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FOR THE USE OF HEALTH-PRESERVING TECHNOLOGIES IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Anhelina Korobchenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the types of readiness of specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy to use health-preserving technologies in professional activities, which are determined by: scientific knowledge about the nature, patterns, features, principles, purpose, objectives and content of work to restore public health and implement such technologies. The main indicator of the effectiveness of specialist training is the psychological, pedagogical, professional, practical, social, personal and physical readiness of a specialist in physical therapy and occupational therapy to work to restore the health of the socio-component of our society. It is shown that the main property of a specialist in physical therapy and occupational therapy is a generalized ability to think pedagogically, which implies that the teacher has analytical, prognostic, design and reflexive skills. Features of both practical and professional readiness of the specialist are external (subject) skills, which include organizational and communication skills. The main types of readiness (professional, personal, psychological, physical, social, pedagogical and practical) of specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy to use health technology in professional activities are described; the peculiarities of use in working with patients when compiling rehabilitation programs based on the International Classification are indicated. functioning, limitation of life and health, which aims to define a unified and standardized language and schemes for describing health and health-related conditions, which introduces the definition of the components of health and some related to health, components of well-being (in particular, such as education and work). This classification has moved away from the classification of "disease consequences" and has become a classification of "health components". The components of health determine the components of health, while the "consequences" focus on the impact of disease or other health conditions on the end result. The international classification of functioning, limitation of life and health is not nosologically oriented, but takes into account changes in health without regard to the facts, at the time of the examination. This classification is focused not only on the severity of the consequences of diseases, it for the first time emphasizes the adaptive and compensatory capabilities of the body, the importance of maximum involvement of people with special educational needs in public life, which deal with physical therapists and occupational therapists activities.

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