Perception of Safety Zone around an Industrial Robot

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Mansour Rahimi ◽  
David L. Nash ◽  
Hamid R. Parsaei
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Safety Zone ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Student Subjects

Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate human perception of safe zone around an industrial robot. It was shown that an angle of approach toward the robot, the speed of robot motions and exposure to a simulated accident significantly affected the student subjects perception of the safe area around the MH33 robot. On the average, across all approach angles, the subjects selected distances of 49.2 and 70.0 cm from the robot's working envelope, for the accident and non-accident group, respectively.

scholarly journals Formally Verified Switching Logic for Recoverability of Aircraft Controller

2021 ◽  
pp. 566-579
Author(s):  
Ratan Lal ◽  
Aaron McKinnis ◽  
Dustin Hauptman ◽  
Shawn Keshmiri ◽  
Pavithra Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Safety Zone ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Hybrid Controller ◽  
Lqr Controller ◽  
Structural Loading ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Time Of Operation

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the design of a safe hybrid controller for an aircraft that switches between a classical linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller and a more intelligent artificial neural network (ANN) controller. Our objective is to switch safely between the controllers, such that the aircraft is always recoverable within a fixed amount of time while allowing the maximum time of operation for the ANN controller. There is a priori known safety zone for the LQR controller operation in which the aircraft never stalls, over accelerates, or exceeds maximum structural loading, and hence, by switching to the LQR controller just before exiting this zone, one can guarantee safety. However, this priori known safety zone is conservative, and therefore, limits the time of operation for the ANN controller. We apply reachability analysis to expand the known safety zone, such that the LQR controller will always be able to drive the aircraft back to the safe zone from the expanded zone (“recoverable zone") within a fixed duration. The “recoverable zone" extends the time of operation of the ANN controller. We perform simulations using the hybrid controller corresponding to the recoverable zone and observe that the design is indeed safe.

scholarly journals Efficacy analysis of the length of entrance on the diffraction of waves behind two breakwaters

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Parviz Ghadimi ◽  
Zahra Heyvedi ◽  
Mohammad A. Feizi Chekab
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Boussinesq Equations ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Efficacy Analysis ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Numerical Software ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Harbor Area

<p>Any harbor should be protected from incoming waves. However, these waves are always diffracted at the entrance of the harbor and a fraction of the waves enters the harbor area. In the present paper, by the use of Boussinesq equations solved by Mike21 numerical software, a parametric study on the length of entrance of a simple harbor has been conducted and the diffraction of waves after passing the harbor entrance has been analyzed. As a result, the effects of the length of the entrance have been investigated on the safe zone behind the breakwaters of the harbor. To this end, a parameter called angle of safety is defined as a representative of the safe zone. Finally, an equation is presented to describe the behavior of the safe zone with respect to the length of the entrance. It has been observed that the angle of safety has a minimum of 57.5 degrees which increases with respect to the length of entrance which consequently increases the safe area behind the breakwaters.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Soundscapes and Lightscapes on the Perception of Safety and Social Presence Analyzed in a Laboratory Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Calleri ◽  
Arianna Astolfi ◽  
Anna Pellegrino ◽  
Francesco Aletta ◽  
Louena Shtrepi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Perceived Social Presence ◽  
Public Design

The present study evaluates the effect of soundscape and lightscape variations on the perceived safety and perceived social presence in a pedestrian area through laboratory experiments. Thirty-one participants were presented with nine different virtual scenarios, in which the same underpass was reproduced under different soundscape and lightscape conditions. The participants were asked to assess each scenario considering 10 items related to perceived safety and perceived social presence. A principal component analysis allowed the 10 items to be reduced to two principal components, namely “perceived safety” and “perceived social presence”. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis was conducted to assess the effect of modifications of both the soundscape and lightscape on the two components. The obtained results showed that the soundscape had an effect on both the perceived safety (p < 0.05) and perceived social presence (p < 0.05), while the lightscape variations implemented in this experiment only had a statistically significant effect on the latter (p < 0.05). The results of such studies may be of interest for public design and management as they may be conducted by means of non-intrusive and cost-effective techniques.

scholarly journals The Border of the Islamic Arab State and Its Strategic Dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-117
Author(s):  
Muhannad Hamad Ahmed Al-Karbooly
Keyword(s):  
Safe Zone ◽  
Arab State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Muslim Scholars

In (year 22 AH) Caliph Umar bin Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) prepared four armies for the conquest of the city، and it was actually conquered. This is a strategic factor in managing matters of four armies and an indication of the strength of the Arab Islamic state to open battles to conquer the country and spread Islam. Eliminating the movements against the Arab Islamic Caliphate، and this is a strategic dimension to preserve the pillars of the Arab and Islamic state in all those regions of the globe. Strong leaders from the Banu Shayban and other tribes were appointed to hold the reins، to preserve the friendship of the tribes alongside the Arab peaceful state. Giving the tribes the material and moral privileges in order to preserve this area. This is also a strategic factor in winning the friendship of the tribes، and this has witnessed the stability of the security situation. The Muslims offered Islam to the Khazars، this is a religious strategic factor for spreading Islam with the good. During those ages، the region witnessed many conflicts with the mountain kingdoms، Azerbaijan and the Russians. After (the year 500 AH), the principalities of this city were reunited with a single emirate called the Emirate of Darband Sharwan, and it is ruled by the khans. It is unfortunate that it was invaded by the Mongols in (year 618 AH), and they set off from it towards the land of the Qafjaks, Russians and Bulgarians, and also from it they set off towards Baghdad in the year (656 AH). The region witnessed conflict between the Mongol-Tatars. It has become a region with diverse population, with residents of Arabs, Armenians, Persians, Khazars, Kurds and Tatars. The landmarks of Islam have remained evident through the presence of mosques and mosques that exist to this day. The Bab Al-Bab has strategic importance in Bab Al-Tijaria, after the Muslims made it a safe area. The presence of mosque monuments in the walls of Al-Bab and Baku. It was said that Muslim scholars in that region abandoned it because of its turmoil and instability and went to Medina, Baghdad, the Levant and Egypt. The first Muslims lost many lives in order to make this region a safe zone, and this is another indication of the sacrifice made by the early Muslims to spread Islam. And more importantly than this and that, the first Muslims lost many lives in order to make this region a safe zone, and this is another indication of the sacrifice made by the early Muslims to spread Islam.

scholarly journals Anthropometry of the Coracoid Process: Surgical Considerations in Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somsak Kuptniratsaikul ◽  
Natavut Prasertkul ◽  
Thun Itthipanichpong
Keyword(s):  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Coracoclavicular Ligament ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Bone Measurement ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction

Abstract Purposed: The purpose of this study was to measure the dimensions of the coracoid process from MRI imaging to find a safe area for drilling in arthroscopic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction.Materials and methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent MRI of the shoulder in our hospital between July 1, 2016 and June 31, 2018. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 20–60 years, BMI < 35 and height > 150 cm. Exclusion criteria included patients with a history of coracoid surgery, coracoid fracture or bone diseases affecting the coracoid bone. Measurement of the coracoid size was done in T1 MRI sagittal, coronal and axial views. Safe zone was defined as an area far from the medial and lateral base of the coracoid process, at least 5 mm each. Safe zone was then compared with the size of the drill hole to find an appropriately sized drill that would not violate the peripheral cortical coracoid bone.Results: Overall, 100 (male = 55, female = 45) patients were included in this study. Mean age, BMI and height of the patients were 48.5 years (range 22–58), 22.5 kg/m2 (range 18.5–28.4) and 164.5 cm (range 155–182), respectively. Mean safe area was 167.45 mm2 with males being slightly larger than females (male = 190.34 mm2, female = 140.99 mm2). The drill hole area was calculated by the radius (r) of the drill ( compared with the safe area. The maximum drill size for the men was 7 mm (154 mm2) and 6 mm (113.14 mm2) for women. However, we recommended a smaller drill size to account for any errors in position and technique.Conclusion: The safe area at the coracoid base was slightly larger in males as compared to females and the proper drill bit size was suggested to be less than 7 mm in males and 6 mm in females.

Covering of cometary nucleus by refractory crust and its evolution into asteroid-like body

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Kh.I. Ibadinov
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Cometary Nucleus ◽  
Sublimation Rate ◽  
Cometary Nuclei ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Brightness Decrease ◽  
Crust Thickness ◽  
Ice Sublimation ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractFrom the established dependence of the brightness decrease of a short-period comet dependence on the perihelion distance of its orbit it follows that part of the surface of these cometary nuclei gradually covers by a refractory crust. The results of cometary nucleus simulation show that at constant insolation energy the crust thickness is proportional to the square root of the insolation time and the ice sublimation rate is inversely proportional to the crust thickness. From laboratory experiments resulted the thermal regime, the gas productivity of the nucleus, covering of the nucleus by the crust, and the tempo of evolution of a short-period comet into the asteroid-like body studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document