The Effects of Recovery Duration During High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Time Spent at High Rates of Oxygen Consumption, Oxygen Kinetics, and Blood Lactate

Obesity may attenuate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby increasing the risk of cognitive dysfunction. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be as or more effective than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) in promoting the expression of BDNF in normal-weight individuals. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether or not acute HIIE could be utilized as a practical model to explore the BDNF response in obese versus normal-weight subjects when compared to acute CME. The potential relationship of exercise-induced BDNF with blood lactate and cortisol was also examined. Twelve male subjects (six obese and six normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80%–90% of VO2max with 3 min of active recovery at 50–60% VO2max) and CME (38 min at 50%–60% VO2max). Blood samples were collected prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h into recovery for measurements of serum BDNF, blood lactate, and plasma cortisol. Our results showed that the BDNF response to acute HIIE was greater than CME in obese subjects when compared to normal-weight subjects. Similarly, although acute HIIE induced greater blood lactate and plasma cortisol levels than CME, obese subjects produced less blood lactate, but no difference in cortisol than normal-weight subjects. These findings suggest that acute HIIE may be a more effective protocol to upregulate BDNF expression in an obese population, independent of increased lactate and cortisol levels. Impact statement High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be a time-efficient exercise strategy that provides similar or superior physiological benefits as traditional continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). Our previous study demonstrated an equivalent elevation on the BDNF response in both obese and normal-weight individuals following 30 min of acute CME. To discover a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve brain health in an obese population, the present study found that obese individuals elicit a greater level of BDNF following acute HIIE versus CME than normal-weight individuals. These findings indicate that acute HIIE may be an effective strategy to upregulate BDNF expression in obese individuals.

Download Full-text

High-intensity interval exercise induces greater acute changes in sleep, appetite-related hormones, and free-living energy intake than does moderate-intensity continuous exercise

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 557-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Penelope Larsen ◽

Frank Marino ◽

Kerri Melehan ◽

Kym J. Guelfi ◽

Rob Duffield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Intake ◽

High Intensity ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Continuous Exercise ◽

High Intensity Interval

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on sleep characteristics, appetite-related hormones, and eating behaviour. Eleven overweight, inactive men completed 2 consecutive nights of sleep assessments to determine baseline (BASE) sleep stages and arousals recorded by polysomnography (PSG). On separate afternoons (1400–1600 h), participants completed a 30-min exercise bout: either (i) MICE (60% peak oxygen consumption) or (ii) HIIE (60 s of work at 100% peak oxygen consumption: 240 s of rest at 50% peak oxygen consumption), in a randomised order. Measures included appetite-related hormones (acylated ghrelin, leptin, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine) and glucose before exercise, 30 min after exercise, and the next morning after exercise; PSG sleep stages; and actigraphy (sleep quantity and quality); in addition, self-reported sleep and food diaries were recorded until 48 h after exercise. There were no between-trial differences for time in bed (p = 0.19) or total sleep time (p = 0.99). After HIIE, stage N3 sleep was greater (21% ± 7%) compared with BASE (18% ± 7%; p = 0.02). In addition, the number of arousals during rapid eye movement sleep were lower after HIIE (7 ± 5) compared with BASE (11 ± 7; p = 0.05). Wake after sleep onset was lower following MICE (41 min) compared with BASE (56 min; p = 0.02). Acylated ghrelin was lower and glucose was higher at 30 min after HIIE when compared with MICE (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences between conditions in terms of total energy intake (p ≥ 0.05). HIIE appears to be more beneficial than MICE for improving sleep quality and inducing favourable transient changes in appetite-related hormones in overweight, inactive men. However, energy intake was not altered regardless of exercise intensity.

Download Full-text

High-intensity interval exercise induces 24-h energy expenditure similar to traditional endurance exercise despite reduced time commitment

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0562 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 845-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Lauren E. Skelly ◽

Patricia C. Andrews ◽

Jenna B. Gillen ◽

Brian J. Martin ◽

Michael E. Percival ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Time Commitment ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Intensity Training

Subjects performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (END) to evaluate 24-h oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption during HIIT was lower versus END; however, total oxygen consumption over 24 h was similar. These data demonstrate that HIIT and END induce similar 24-h energy expenditure, which may explain the comparable changes in body composition reported despite lower total training volume and time commitment.

Download Full-text

Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise While Wearing a Sauna Suit on Energy Expenditure and Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000003834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Aaron R. D. Matthews ◽

Todd A. Astorino ◽

George H. Crocker ◽

Ailish C. Sheard

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

High Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

High Intensity Interval

Download Full-text

Differences in Physiological and Perceptual Responses to High Intensity Interval Exercise Between Arm and Leg Cycling

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.700294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Todd A. Astorino ◽

Danielle Emma

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

High Intensity ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Affective Valence ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Leg Cycling ◽

High Intensity Interval

This study compared changes in oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), affective valence, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between sessions of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performed on the arm (ACE) and leg cycle ergometer (LCE). Twenty three active and non-obese men and women (age and BMI=24.7±5.8year and 24.8±3.4kg/m2) initially underwent graded exercise testing to determine VO2max and peak power output (PPO) on both ergometers. Subsequently on two separate days, they performed 10 1min intervals of ACE or LCE at 75 %PPO separated by 1min of active recovery at 10 %PPO. Gas exchange data, HR, and perceptual responses were obtained continuously and blood samples were acquired pre- and post-exercise to assess the change in BLa. VO2max and PPO on the LCE were significantly higher (p<0.001) than ACE (37.2±6.3 vs. 26.3±6.6ml/kg/min and 259.0±48.0 vs. 120.0±48.1W). Mean VO2 (1.7±0.3 vs. 1.1±0.3L/min, d=2.3) and HR (149±14 vs. 131±17 b/min, d=2.1) were higher (p<0.001) in response to LCE vs. ACE as was BLa (7.6±2.6 vs. 5.3±2.5mM, d=2.3), yet there was no difference (p=0.12) in peak VO2 or HR. Leg cycling elicited higher relative HR compared to ACE (81±5 vs. 75±7 %HRmax, p=0.01), although, there was no difference in relative VO2 (63±6 vs. 60±8 %VO2max, p=0.09) between modes. Affective valence was lower during LCE vs. ACE (p=0.003), although no differences in enjoyment (p=0.68) or RPE (p=0.59) were demonstrated. Overall, HIIE performed on the cycle ergometer elicits higher relative heart rate and blood lactate concentration and a more aversive affective valence, making these modes not interchangeable in terms of the acute physiological and perceptual response to interval based exercise.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of High intensity, interval exercise improves quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718129195.793522541 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Jerome Fleg

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

High Intensity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

High Intensity Interval

Download Full-text

Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on nitric oxide and antioxidant markers after high-intensity interval exercise in young men: a randomized controlled trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002178 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Kosar Valaei ◽

Javad Mehrabani ◽

Alexei Wong

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

High Intensity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Young Men ◽

No Production ◽

Double Blind ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Damage Indices ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Antioxidant Markers

Abstract L-citrulline (L-Cit) is a nonessential amino acid that stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production and improves exercise performance by reducing muscle damage indices; however, the direct benefits of L-Cit on antioxidant markers are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine antioxidant responses to high-intensity interval exercise following acute L-Cit supplementation. Nine young men (21 ± 1 years) participated in a double-blind crossover study in which they received 12 g of L-Cit and placebo (PL) an hour prior to high-intensity interval exercise on two occasions, separated by a seven-day washout period. Blood samples were obtained before (PRE), immediately after (IP), 10 (10P), and 30 min after exercise (30P) from the cubital vein using standard procedures. Serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and NO metabolites (NOx) were measured. The exercise protocol significantly elevated SOD (p = 0.01) and GPx (p = 0.048) from PRE to 10P in the L-Cit group with greater changes than the PL group. CAT concentrations increased IP (p = 0.014) and remained elevated at 10P (p = 0.03) and 30P (p = 0.015) in both the L-Cit and PL conditions. NOx concentrations increased IP (p = 0.05) in the L-Cit group with greater changes than PL group in PRE to IP, PRE to 10P, and PRE to 30P (p < 0.05). Our data indicate that L-Cit supplementation (single 12 g dose pre-exercise) induces improvements in antioxidant markers following a session of high-intensity interval exercise in young men.

Download Full-text