Lower-limb Dynamics of Muscle Oxygen Saturation During the Back-squat Exercise

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the effects of the back-squat exercise on the lower limb myoelectric activity in trained men. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the recommendations of PRISMA. Medline (PubMed), Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Lilacs databases were searched. The search terms included electromyography, exercise, resistance training, and squat. We included experimental studies that described the back-squat exercise using surface electromyography (EMG) in men experienced in resistance training and back squat exercise at angles from 60º to 90º. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions of the included studies ranged from 2 to 7 days. The protocols demonstrated to improve the neuromuscular system and to provide greater acquisition of strength in the muscles involved in performing the back-squat exercise (p < 0.05). Thirty-seven muscles were analyzed, with a predominance of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, gluteus maximus, and rectus femoris muscles. Conclusion: The studies investigated in this review showed that the back-squat exercise at angles from 60º to 90º increased the lower limb myoelectric activity recorded in loads of 30% and 100% of 1RM in men experienced in resistance training. However, more studies with higher methodological quality are needed in the analysis of the squat exercise to reduce the risk of bias.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists: the effect of blood pressure regulation during aortic coarctation repair on brain, kidney, and muscle oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: a randomized, clinical trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717995276.793476452 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Hoeft

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Aortic Coarctation ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Pressure Regulation ◽

Muscle Oxygen

Download Full-text

Effect of Climbing Speed on Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Oxygen Saturation Dynamics in the Finger Flexors

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2021-0110 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jan Gajdošík ◽

Jirˇí Baláš ◽

Dominika Krupková ◽

Lukáš Psohlavec ◽

Nick Draper

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Whole Body ◽

Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽

Muscle Oxygen ◽

Sport Climbing ◽

Body Activity

Purpose: Although sport climbing is a self-paced whole-body activity, speed varies with climbing style, and the effect of this on systemic and localized oxygen responses is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine muscle and pulmonary oxygen responses during submaximal climbing at differing speeds of ascent. Methods: Thirty-two intermediate and advanced sport climbers completed three 4-minute-long ascents of the same route at 4, 6, and 9 m·min−1 on a motorized climbing ergometer (treadwall) on separate laboratory visits. Gas analysis and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to determine systemic oxygen uptake () and muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) of the flexor digitorum profundus. Results: Increases in ascent speed of 1 m·min−1 led to increases of by 2.4 mL·kg−1·min−1 (95% CI, 2.1 to 2.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) and decreases in StO2 by −1.3% (95% CI, 1.9% to −0.7%). There was a significant interaction of climbing ability and speed for StO2 (P < .001, ). The results revealed that the decrease of StO2 was present for intermediate but not advanced climbers. Conclusions: In this study, the results suggest that demand during climbing was largely determined by climbing speed; however, the ability level of the climber appeared to mitigate StO2 at a cellular level. Coaches and instructors may prescribe climbing ascents with elevated speed to improve generalized cardiorespiratory fitness. To stimulate localized aerobic capacity, however, climbers should perhaps increase the intensity of training ascents through the manipulation of wall angle or reduction of hold size.

Download Full-text

Joint-Level Analyses of the Back Squat With and Without Intraset Rest

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0662 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 583-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jason D. Stone ◽

Adam C. King ◽

Shiho Goto ◽

John D. Mata ◽

Joseph Hannon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Mean Power ◽

Joint Power ◽

Joint Level ◽

Back Squat ◽

Squat Exercise ◽

Limb Kinematics ◽

Plane Joint

Purpose: To provide a joint-level analysis of traditional (TS) and cluster (CS) set structure during the back-squat exercise. Methods: Eight men (24 [3] y, 177.3 [7.9] cm, 82.7 [11.0] kg, 11.9 [3.5] % body fat, and 150.3 [23.0] kg 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) performed the back-squat exercise (80%1RM) using TS (4 × 6, 2-min interset rest) and CS (4 × [2 × 3], 30-s intraset rest, 90-s interset rest), randomly. Lower-limb kinematics were collected by motion capture, as well as kinetic data by bilateral force platforms. Results: CS attenuated the loss in mean power (TS −21.6% [3.9%]; CS −12.4% [7.5%]; P = .042), although no differences in gross movement pattern (sagittal-plane joint angles) within and between conditions were observed (P ≥ .05). However, joint power produced at the hip increased from repetition (REP) 1 through REP 6 during TS, while a decrease was noted at the knee. A similar pattern was observed in the CS condition but was limited to the hip. Joint power produced at the hip increased from REP 1 through REP 3 but returned to REP 1 values before a similar increase through REP 6, resulting in differences between conditions (REP 4, P = .018; REP 5, P = .022). Conclusions: Sagittal-plane joint angles did not change in either condition, although CS elicited greater power. Differing joint power contributions (hip and knee) suggest potential central mechanism that may contribute to enhanced power output during CS and warrant further study. Practitioners should consider incorporating CS into training to promote greater power adaptations and to mitigate fatigue.

Download Full-text

Effects of front and back squat techniques on patellofemoral joint kinetics in males

Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.5430/jbei.v2n1p76 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Sinclair ◽

S Atkins ◽

N Kudiersky ◽

PJ Taylor ◽

H Vincent

Keyword(s):

Patellofemoral Joint ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Current Investigation ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Joint Kinetics ◽

Associated Injury ◽

Back Squat ◽

Squat Exercise ◽

Experienced Male ◽

Joint Load

Purpose: The barbell squat is fundamental in strength and conditioning, with two principal variants; the back and front squat. Unfortunately, the propensity for injury is high particularly at the knee. The aim of the current investigation was examine the influence of front and back squat variations on patellofemoral joint load. Methods: Patellofemoral loads were obtained from thirty-five experienced male participants, who completed both back and front squats at 70% of 1 RM. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (P = .008) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that significant differences (P < .008) in patellofemoral load were identified between both conditions with the highest load being experienced during the back squat exercise. Conclusions: Given the proposed relationship between the magnitude of the load experienced by the patellofemoral joint and associated injury pathology, the back squat appears to place lifters at greater risk from injury. Therefore, it may be prudent therefore for lifters who are predisposed to patellofemoral pain syndrome to utilize the front squat in their training.

Download Full-text

Relationship Between Muscle Oxygen Saturation and Exercise Load in Patients with Malignant Hematopoietic Disease

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Oxygen Transport to Tissue XLI ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_25 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 201-207

Author(s):

Tatsushi Wakasugi ◽

Shinichiro Morishita ◽

Katsuji Kaida ◽

Yusuke Itani ◽

Kazuhiro Ikegame ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Exercise Load ◽

Muscle Oxygen

Download Full-text

SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE AND CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION AT HIGH ALTITUDE

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 509-513

Author(s):

Rui Li

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

High Altitude ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Pulmonary Circulation ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Cardiopulmonary Function ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to various uncertain and unexpected factors in life such as diseases, natural disasters, traffic accidents, and congenital disabilities, the number and proportion of lower limb amputations are still rising for many reasons, so the research on lower limb prostheses is particularly important. Objective: This work aimed to study the relationship between altitude exercise and cardiopulmonary function. Methods: A model of abnormal changes in cardiopulmonary function was established, and then 40 plateau exercisers were selected, all of whom arrived in Tibet in March 2017. The relationship between pulmonary circulation volume and internal pressure in the chest was observed and compared. The relationship between cardiopulmonary sensory reflex and exercise (high altitude) breathing and heart rate was analyzed. A comparison of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders was implemented. Moreover, the influence of different altitudes on the subjects’ cardiopulmonary function and the subjects’ cardiopulmonary function changes before departure and during the first, second, and third week after departure were observed and compared. Results: I. As the pressure in the thoracic cavity increased, the subjects’ pulmonary circulation blood volume gradually decreased, and the decrease was most obvious in the stage of thoracic pressure −50 to 0. II. As the cardiorespiratory reflex coefficient increased, the subjects’ breathing and heart rate compensatory acceleration appeared. III. Tracking and monitoring of the subjects’ cardiopulmonary indicators revealed that with the increase in altitude, the subjects’ average arterial pressure, respiratory frequency, and heart rate all showed an upward trend, while the blood oxygen saturation value showed a downward trend. IV. No matter how high the altitude was, the average arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate monitored of the subjects under exercise were significantly superior to the indicator values under resting state. In contrast, the blood oxygen saturation value showed the opposite trend. V. The subjects’ average arterial pressure, respiration, and heart rate in the first week were higher than other periods, but the blood oxygen saturation was relatively lower. In the second and third weeks, the changes in cardiopulmonary function were relatively smooth (all P<0.05). VI. The changes in the index of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders were small (p>0.05). Conclusion: Through modeling, the results of the plateau environment on the cardiopulmonary function of the body were made clearer, and these research data provided theoretical references for the training of the sports field in the plateau area. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Download Full-text