Childhood Maltreatment as Predictor of Pathological Personality Traits Using PSY-5 in an Adult Psychiatric Sample

Extant literature indicates that childhood maltreatment is significantly associated with personality disorders. With the recent call for a more dimensional approach to understanding personality and pathological personality traits, the aim of the present study was to examine whether the experience of childhood maltreatment is associated with pathological personality traits as measured by the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5). We analyzed data from 557 adult psychiatric patients with diverse psychiatric diagnoses, including mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and anxiety disorders. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the degree to which childhood maltreatment explained the five trait dimensions after controlling for demographic variables, presence of psychotic symptoms, and degree of depressive symptoms. Childhood maltreatment significantly predicted all of the five trait dimensions of the PSY-5. This suggests that childhood maltreatment may negatively affect the development of an adaptive adjustment system, thereby potentially contributing to the emergence of pathological personality traits.

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Personality disorder traits: Testing insight regarding presence of traits, impairment, and desire for change

10.31234/osf.io/kwm2n ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chelsea Sleep ◽

Joanna Lamkin ◽

Donald Lynam ◽

William Keith Campbell ◽

Josh Miller

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Pathology ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Actual Measurement ◽

Reasonable Degree ◽

Research Questions ◽

Personality Psychopathology ◽

Pathological Personality Traits ◽

Insight Into

Mixed findings exist as to whether personality pathology involves a critical lack of awareness and insight. Research questions about insight and awareness in personality pathology are typically assessed via comparing self and informant reports of traits. However, recent studies have measured insight by asking individuals to evaluate additional questions about impairment and desire to change. The present study uses a variety of approaches to examine these issues including investigations of convergence between self and informant reports (N = 197 dyads; correlations and comparisons of means) of personality psychopathology, desired trait levels, and perceptions of impairment. Convergence was observed between levels of self- and informant-reported traits, desired traits, and impairment. However, individuals rated themselves higher on pathological trait levels and impairment than did their informants. Furthermore, individuals with relatively higher pathological traits desired higher levels of these traits (but lower than their actual scores) than individuals with lower scores; on the actual measurement scale, however, these higher scorers rated their desired level below the neutral point. Overall, individuals with pathological personality traits possess a reasonable degree of insight into their actual trait levels and associated impairment.

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Differential diagnosis using the MMPI-2: Goldberg’s index revisited

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.06.008 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 409-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jos I.M. Egger ◽

Peter A.M. Delsing ◽

Hubert R.A. De Mey

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Clinical Scales ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Personality Psychopathology Five ◽

Personality Psychopathology

AbstractBackgroundThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) often supports clinical decision-making in complex diagnostic problems like differentiating neurosis from psychosis and psychosis from bipolar disorder. The MMPI Goldberg index, an arithmetical combination of five clinical scales, has been considered to provide a good estimate for discriminating between neurotic and psychotic profiles. Similarly, the MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales have been found to be useful in differentiating diagnostic categories.MethodThis study evaluates these findings in a sample of psychiatric patients diagnosed with depressive, psychotic, or bipolar disorder using ANOVA and discriminant analysis.ResultsResults corroborate the validity of Goldberg’s index and find MMPI-2 PSY-5 scale Disconstraint to significantly differentiate between psychotic and bipolar-I disorder.ConclusionThe MMPI-2 Goldberg index and PSY-5 scales can offer a useful contribution to the differential diagnosis of depressive, psychotic and bipolar disorder.

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The Role of Dimensional Personality Psychopathology in a Forensic Inpatient Psychiatric Setting

Journal of Personality Disorders ◽

10.1521/pedi_2017_31_301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 447-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jaime L. Anderson ◽

Mary E. Wood ◽

Anthony M. Tarescavage ◽

Danielle Burchett ◽

David M. Glassmire

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Assessment ◽

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽

Psychiatric Setting ◽

Personality Psychopathology Five ◽

Inpatient Settings ◽

Forensic Psychiatric ◽

Personality Psychopathology ◽

Institutional Aggression

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form is a widely used measure of psychopathology and includes the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales, which measure dimensional maladaptive personality traits similar to those in the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. The current study evaluated the role of these dimensional personality psychopathology characteristics in a sample of 1,110 inpatients in a forensic psychiatric setting, where personality psychopathology plays a significant but understudied role. The authors examined the extent to which dimensional personality psychopathology characteristics (as measured by the PSY-5) were associated with borderline and antisocial PD diagnoses and institutional aggression. Results support the usefulness of measuring dimensional personality traits for understanding PD diagnoses, as well as incidents of institutional aggression. More specifically, the PSY-5 scales appear to measure the core features of borderline and antisocial PDs. This study supports the inclusion of dimensional personality assessment in understanding aggressive behavior in inpatient settings.

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Catatonia Associated with Hyponatremia: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017902117010026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Vaios Peritogiannis ◽

Dimitrios V. Rizos

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorder ◽

Motor Behavior ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Young Female ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Appropriate Treatment

Background: Catatonia is a syndrome of altered motor behavior that is mostly associated with general medical, neurologic, mood and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The association of newly onset catatonic symptoms with hyponatremia has been rarely reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present a rare case of a young female patient with schizophrenia, who presented with catatonic symptoms in the context of hyponatremia due to water intoxication. The symptoms were eliminated with the correction of hyponatremia. There are only a few reports of hyponatremia-associated catatonia in psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients. Sometimes, catatonic symptoms may co-occur with newly onset psychotic symptoms and confusion, suggesting delirium. In several cases, the catatonic symptoms responded to specific treatment with benzodiazepines or electroconvulsive therapy. Conclusion: Hyponatremia may induce catatonic symptoms in patients, regardless of underlying mental illness, but this phenomenon is even more relevant in patients with a psychotic or mood disorder, which may itself cause catatonic symptoms. It is important for clinicians not to attribute newly-onset catatonic symptoms to the underlying psychotic or mood disorder without measuring sodium serum levels. The measurement of sodium serum levels may guide treating psychiatrists to refer the patient for further investigation and appropriate treatment.

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Implementation of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Dimensional Models of Maladaptive Personality Traits Into Pre-bariatric Assessment

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.814421 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Karel D. Riegel ◽

Judita Konecna ◽

Martin Matoulek ◽

Livia Rosova

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Community Sample ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychiatric Medication ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Personality Psychopathology ◽

Age Range

Background: Personality pathology does not have to be a contraindication to a bariatric surgery if a proper pre-surgical assessment is done. Indicating subgroups of patients with their specific needs could help tailor interventions and improve surgical treatment outcomes.Objectives: Using the Alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders (AMPD) and the ICD-11 model for PDs to detect subgroups of patients with obesity based on a specific constellation of maladaptive personality traits and the level of overall personality impairment.Methods: 272 consecutively consented patients who underwent a standard pre-surgical psychological assessment. The majority were women (58.0%), age range was 22–79 years (M = 48.06, SD = 10.70). Patients’ average body mass index (BMI) was 43.95 kg/m2. All participants were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) from which Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SR) and Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD) scores were gained using the “crosswalk” for common metric for self-reported severity of personality disorder. The k-means clustering method was used to define specific subgroups of patients with obesity and replicated for equality testing to the samples of non-clinical respondents and psychiatric patients.Results: The cluster analysis detected specific groups in the sample of patients with obesity, which differed quantitatively from the samples of non-clinical respondents and psychiatric patients. A vast majority of patients with obesity showed above-average values in most of the PID-5 facets compared to the United States representative general community sample. In two out of the three clusters defined, patients demonstrated moderate (> M + 1.5 × SD) to severe (> M + 2.0 × SD) personality psychopathology within the Detachment and Negative Affectivity domains according to PID-5, which in one of the clusters corresponded to the mild overall impairment in both, LPFS-SR (M = 2.18, SD = 0.27) and SASPD (M = 8.44, SD = 2.38). Moreover, higher levels of psychopathology prove to be associated with higher age and use of psychiatric medication.Conclusions: The dimensional DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models are suitable procedures for defining specific “characters” of patients in a pre-bariatric setting. As such, they help to identify subgroups of patients with obesity who are different from general population and psychiatric patients. Implications for clinical practice and further research are discussed.

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