Implementation of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Dimensional Models of Maladaptive Personality Traits Into Pre-bariatric Assessment

Background: Personality pathology does not have to be a contraindication to a bariatric surgery if a proper pre-surgical assessment is done. Indicating subgroups of patients with their specific needs could help tailor interventions and improve surgical treatment outcomes.Objectives: Using the Alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders (AMPD) and the ICD-11 model for PDs to detect subgroups of patients with obesity based on a specific constellation of maladaptive personality traits and the level of overall personality impairment.Methods: 272 consecutively consented patients who underwent a standard pre-surgical psychological assessment. The majority were women (58.0%), age range was 22–79 years (M = 48.06, SD = 10.70). Patients’ average body mass index (BMI) was 43.95 kg/m2. All participants were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) from which Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SR) and Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD) scores were gained using the “crosswalk” for common metric for self-reported severity of personality disorder. The k-means clustering method was used to define specific subgroups of patients with obesity and replicated for equality testing to the samples of non-clinical respondents and psychiatric patients.Results: The cluster analysis detected specific groups in the sample of patients with obesity, which differed quantitatively from the samples of non-clinical respondents and psychiatric patients. A vast majority of patients with obesity showed above-average values in most of the PID-5 facets compared to the United States representative general community sample. In two out of the three clusters defined, patients demonstrated moderate (> M + 1.5 × SD) to severe (> M + 2.0 × SD) personality psychopathology within the Detachment and Negative Affectivity domains according to PID-5, which in one of the clusters corresponded to the mild overall impairment in both, LPFS-SR (M = 2.18, SD = 0.27) and SASPD (M = 8.44, SD = 2.38). Moreover, higher levels of psychopathology prove to be associated with higher age and use of psychiatric medication.Conclusions: The dimensional DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models are suitable procedures for defining specific “characters” of patients in a pre-bariatric setting. As such, they help to identify subgroups of patients with obesity who are different from general population and psychiatric patients. Implications for clinical practice and further research are discussed.

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Arabic Version of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) in a Community Sample of United Arab Emirates Nationals

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017902016010180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 180-188

Author(s):

Olga Coelho ◽

Rute Pires ◽

Ana Sousa Ferreira ◽

Bruno Gonçalves ◽

Maryam AlJassmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Factor Structure ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Self Report ◽

Arabic Version ◽

Dsm 5

Background: Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes a model for conceptualizing personality disorders in which they are characterized by impairments in personality functioning and maladaptive personality traits. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a self-report measure that assesses the presence and severity of these maladaptive personality traits. Objective: The current study examined the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to measure maladaptive personality traits in the Emirati population of the United Arab Emirates. Methods: The Arabic version of the PID-5 was administered to a community sample of 1,090 United Arab Emirates nationals (89.5% female and 10.5% male, mean age = 22.44 years old). The descriptive measures, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity with NEO – Five Factor Inventory, as well as PID-5’s factor structure, were all addressed. Results: The PID-5facets and domains mean scores were higher in the Emirati sample compared to the original US sample. Internal consistency of the PID-5 scales was acceptable to high and test-retest coefficients ranged from 0.84 (facets) to 0.87 (domains). As expected, the five domains of the Arabic version of the PID-5 correlated significantly with all Five-Factor Model domains of personality. Additionally, the Arabic version of the PID-5 confirmed a five-factor structure that resembles the PID-5 domains. Conclusion: The findings of this study provided initial support for the use of the Arabic version of the PID-5 to assess maladaptive personality traits in the Emirati population of the United Arab Emirates.

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DSM‐IV personality disorders and the Five‐Factor Model of personality: a multi‐method examination of domain‐ and facet‐level predictions

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.563 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 307-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

R. Michael Bagby ◽

Paul T. Costa ◽

Thomas A. Widiger ◽

Andrew G. Ryder ◽

Margarita Marshall

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Factor Model ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Self Report ◽

Neo Personality Inventory ◽

Personality Functioning ◽

Personality Psychopathology

The personality disorder classification system (Axis II) in the various versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been the target of repeated criticism, with conceptual analysis and empirical evidence documenting its flaws. In response, many have proposed alternative approaches for the assessment of personality psychopathology, including the application of the Five‐Factor Model of personality (FFM). Many remain sceptical, however, as to whether domain and facet traits from a model of general personality functioning can be successfully applied to clinical patients with personality disorders (PDs). In this study, with a sample of psychiatric patients (n = 115), personality disorder symptoms corresponding to each of the 10 PDs were successfully predicted by the facet and domain traits of the FFM, as measured by a semi‐structured interview, the Structured Interview for the Five Factor Model (SIFFM; Trull & Widiger, 1997) and a self‐report questionnaire, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI‐R; Costa and McCrae, 1992). These results provide support for the perspective that personality psychopathology can be captured by general personality dimensions. The FFM has the potential to provide a valid and scientifically sound framework from which to assess personality psychopathology, in a way that covers most of the domains conceptualized in DSM while transcending the limitations of the current categorical approach to these disorders. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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DSM-5 Antisocial Personality Disorder in Two Non-Incarcerated Samples: Links to Psychopathic Personality Traits

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e571212013-112 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Jaime L. Anderson ◽

Martin Sellbom

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Psychopathic Personality ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Dsm 5

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Supplemental Material for The DSM–5 Section III Personality Disorder Criterion A in Relation to Both Pathological and General Personality Traits

Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment ◽

10.1037/per0000383.supp ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Criterion A

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Machiavellianism and personality disorder: their relationship in the mirror of interpersonal attitudes

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2014.30004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (40) ◽

pp. 1584-1588

Author(s):

András Láng

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Interpersonal Problems ◽

Self Report ◽

Callous Unemotional ◽

Personality Dysfunction ◽

Medium Strength

Introduction: Social and personality psychologists have described Machiavellianism as a pragmatic, callous-unemotional, exploitative and manipulative attitude towards others. Several former studies linked Machiavellian personality traits and interpersonal problems or personality dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the connection between Machiavellianism and interpersonal problems that are characteristic of personality disorders. Method: 252 participants (146 females and 106 males, aged 32.46±5.39 years, mean±SD) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism and personality disorder related interpersonal problems. Results: There was a medium strength relationships between Machiavellianism and several interpersonal problems. Aggression and ambivalence proved to be significant predictors of Machiavellian personality traits. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the patient–therapist bond. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1584–1588.

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Differentiation between Schizoid and Avoidant Personalities: An Empirical Test*

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378903400808 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 785-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James C. Overholser

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Empirical Test ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Self Report ◽

Almost All ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

Univariate Analyses ◽

Number Of Authors

A number of authors have questioned the rationale for subdividing the DSM-II schizoid diagnosis into three separate personality disorders in DSM-III, the schizoid, avoidant, and schizotypal. The present study was designed to explore differences between psychiatric patients with schizoid and avoidant personalities as compared to psychiatric controls with no personality disorder. Differences were examined on demographic data, self-report measures, and clinical information. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant overall effect for groups across MMPI subscales. However, subsequent univariate Analyses of Variance (ANOVA's) revealed that almost all differences were between the two personality disorder groups as compared to the psychiatric controls. Contrary to expectations, schizoid and avoidant personalities were found to display equivalent levels of anxiety, depression, and psychotic tendencies as compared to psychiatric control patients. No meaningful distinctions were found between the avoidant and the schizoid personalities. Results are discussed in terms of problems with the assessment methods and the diagnostic criteria.

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Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 in a Romanian Community Sample

Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies ◽

10.24193/jebp.2021.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 3-20

Author(s):

Ticu CONSTANTIN ◽

Elena G. NICUȚĂ ◽

Diana GRĂDINARU

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Community Sample ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Scoring Methods ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

The Hierarchical Structure ◽

Mean Differences

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) evaluates 25 maladaptive personality traits proposed in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders. The questionnaire has been extensively investigated and validated in several languages. The current research sought to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument in a sample of nonclinical Romanian participants (N = 1276). Results indicated excellent internal consistency for the domain level, and very good reliability for the facet level. The assumption of unidimensionality was supported at both the domain and facet levels, apart from Risk Taking. Two domain scoring methods were also compared. One of them takes into consideration all the 25 lower order facets, whereas the other uses only 15 facets. Results show that mean differences across the two scoring methods were small, except for Disinhibition. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses revealed slightly better fit indices for the model which uses 15 facets only. Lastly, the hierarchical structure of maladaptive personality traits was explored. Results are discussed in the light of previous literature.

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Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9120373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 373 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rickie Miglin ◽

Nadia Bounoua ◽

Shelly Goodling ◽

Ana Sheehan ◽

Jeffrey M. Spielberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Risky Behavior ◽

Factor Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Impulsive Behavior ◽

Behavior Scale ◽

The Right

Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whether such variation also explained recent risky behavior. A community sample of 107 adults (ages 18–55; 54.2% men) completed self-report measures of impulsive traits and risky behavior followed by a neuroimaging protocol. Using the three-factor model of impulsive traits derived from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, analysis of the entire cortical mantle identified three thickness clusters that related to impulsive traits. Sensation seeking was negatively related to thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex, whereas impulsive urgency was positively associated with thickness in the left superior parietal and right paracentral lobule. Notably, follow-up analyses showed that thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex also related to recent risky behavior, with the identified cluster mediating the association between sensation seeking and risky behavior. Findings suggest that reduced thickness in the pericalcarine region partially explains the link between sensation seeking and the tendency to engage in risky behavior, providing new insight into the neurobiological basis of these relationships.

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Incremental validity of the Structured Interview for the Five‐Factor Model of Personality (SIFFM)

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.565 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 343-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Stephanie D. Stepp ◽

Timothy J. Trull ◽

Rachel M. Burr ◽

Mimi Wolfenstein ◽

Angela Z. Vieth

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Histrionic Personality Disorder

This study examined the incremental validity of the Structured Interview for the Five‐Factor Model (SIFFM; Trull & Widiger, 1997) scores in the prediction of borderline, antisocial, and histrionic personality disorder symptoms above and beyond variance accounted for by scores from the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP; Clark, 1993), a self‐report questionnaire that includes items relevant to both normal (i.e. Big Three) and abnormal personality traits. Approximately 200 participants (52 clinical outpatients, and 149 nonclinical individuals from a borderline‐features‐enriched sample) completed the SIFFM, the SNAP, and select sections of the Personality Disorder Interview—IV (PDI‐IV; Widiger, Mangine, Corbitt, Ellis, & Thomas, 1995). We found support for the incremental validity of SIFFM scores, further indicating the clinical utility of this instrument. However, results also supported the incremental validity of SNAP scores in many cases. We discuss the implications of the findings in terms of dimensional approaches to personality disorder assessment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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