Growth and yield response of cowpea Vigna unguiculata to bio fertilizers produced from Aspergillus niger and animal waste materials

Transient waterlogging during winter and spring reduces wheat yield in many parts of southern Australia. Yield reductions from waterlogging are associated with reduced production and survival of tillers, fewer and smaller fertile tillers, and smaller grain size. Under favourable conditions, wheats that have the tiller-inhibition ('tin') gene produce a lower total number of tillers but a higher proportion of large, productive tillers and larger grains than wheats without this gene. These characteristics of restricted-tillering wheat may contribute to improved yield under transient waterlogging. We compared the growth and yield of the commercial variety Bodallin and 2 Bodallin backcross derivatives containing the 'tin' gene in 8 field trials grown on shallow, duplex soils in 1995 and 1996 at 3 locations in the south-west of Western Australia. Trials were sown at standard (1995) and standard and high (1996) seeding rates. Trial-mean yield ranged from 0.5 to 4.7 t/ha, depending on the occurrence and severity of waterlogging before anthesis and of soil water deficit before and after anthesis. Grain yield of the restricted-tillering (RT) lines averaged only c. 80% of Bodallin. At all sites and seeding rates the RT lines had fewer spikes per m2 (45% fewer, on average) but averaged 44% more grains per spike. In 1996 only, grain weight of the RT lines was 6% greater than of Bodallin. There was no evidence that the relative yield of the RT lines was greater at waterlogged sites than at other sites. Waterlogging reduced the number of fertile spikes of RT lines and of Bodallin to the same relative extent and differences in grains per spike and grain size had little effect on relative yields. Even though harvest index of the RT lines was slightly elevated in some environments, biomass production of the RT lines was low in all environments. We conclude that wheats with the 'tin' gene are unlikely to have a yield advantage under transient waterlogging unless their biomass production can match that of more freely tillering wheats.

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Rate and Timing Effects of Growth Regulating Herbicides Applications on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Growth and Yield

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2016/9302507 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Thierry E. Besançon ◽

Ranjit Riar ◽

Ronnie W. Heiniger ◽

Randy Weisz ◽

Wesley J. Everman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Research Data ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Timing Effects

Dicamba and 2,4-D are among the most common and inexpensive herbicides used to control broadleaf weeds. However, different studies have pointed the risk of crop injury and grain sorghum yield reduction with postemergence applications of 2,4-D. No research data on grain sorghum response to 2,4-D or dicamba exists in the Southeastern United States. Consequently, a study was conducted to investigate crop growth and yield response to 2,4-D (100, 220, and 330 g acid equivalent ha−1) and dicamba (280 g acid equivalent ha−1) applied on 20 to 65 cm tall sorghum. Greater stunting resulted from 2,4-D applied at 330 g acid equivalent ha−1or below 45 cm tall sorghum whereas lodging prevailed with 2,4-D at 330 g acid equivalent ha−1and dicamba applied beyond 35 cm tall crop. Regardless of local environmental conditions, 2,4-D applied up to 35 cm tall did not negatively impact grain yield. There was a trend for yields to be somewhat lower when 2,4-D was applied on 45 or 55 cm tall sorghum whereas application on 65 cm tall sorghum systematically decreased yields. More caution should be taken with dicamba since yield reduction has been reported as early as applications made on 35 cm tall sorghum for a potentially dicamba sensitive cultivar.

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Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) as influenced by Row-Spacing and Period of Weed interference in South-West Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v6n4p188 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 188 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joseph Adigun ◽

A. O. Osipitan ◽

Segun Toyosi Lagoke ◽

Raphael Olusegun Adeyemi ◽

Stephen Olaoluwa Afolami

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Weed Removal

Weed problem appears to be the most deleterious factor causing between 25 and 60% reduction in potential yield of cowpea. Field trials were therefore conducted to study the effect of inter-row spacing and period of weed interference on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07° 15'; 03° 25' E) in South Western Nigeria during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. The experiment consisted of eight main plots of weed interference which included initial weed removal for 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) and subsequently weed –infested until harvest as well as initial weed infestation for corresponding periods and thereafter kept weed free until harvest. There were also sub-plot treatments of three inter-row spacing of 60, 75, and 90 cm. All treatments in different combinations were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. In both trials, the use of inter-row spacing of 60 cm resulted in significant reduction in weed growth as evident in lower weed dry matter production and subsequent higher cowpea pod and grain yields than those of 75 and 90 cm inter-row spacing. Initial weed infestation of up to 3 WAS did not have any adverse effect on crop growth and cowpea grain yields provided the weeds were subsequently removed. On the other hand, cowpea grain yield loss was not significantly averted by keeping the crop weed free for only 3 WAS without subsequent weed removal. In this study, initial weed-infestation for 6 WAS and beyond significantly depressed various crop growth parameter and cowpea grain yield compared with the crop kept weed free throughout its life cycle. In order to obtain optimum yields similar to that of the weed free cowpea field, it was required to keep the crop weed free for 6 WAS and beyond. However, frequent weeding beyond 9 weeks after sowing did not improve cowpea yield significantly and as a matter of fact it may even result in reduction of cowpea grain yield due to mechanical damage of hoe weeding. The practical implication of this finding is that early weeding starting from 3 WAS is very crucial for cowpea production while the critical period of weed removal for optimum yield in cowpea is between 3 and 9 WAS in the forest-savannah transitional zone of south Western Nigeria.

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GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF PAK CHOI (BRASICCA RAPA) TO DIFFERENT FOLIAR FERTILIZERS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (09) ◽

pp. 430-431

Author(s):

May Ann G. Cantillo ◽

◽

Cornelio R. Molon SR. ◽

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Net Income ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Pak Choi ◽

Foliar Fertilizer ◽

Remarkable Effect ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

The Cost

The experiment was conducted to determine the growth and yield response of pak choi (Brasiccarapa var. Chinkang Genghis Khan) to different foliar fertilizers (viz. vermitea, commercial foliar fertilizer, effective microorganisms [EM-1] and natural farming inputs [NFI]) under protected cultivation. It aimed to evaluate the influence of the different foliar fertilizers on pak choi in terms of growth characteristics, yield components, and pests and disease incidence. Similarly, to conclude which among the foliar fertilizers evaluated will be most the economical for pak choi production. The study was done in the DA-ATI IV-A and LSPU Organic Agriculture Learning Site in the Laguna State Polytechnic University, Siniloan, Laguna in December 2015 to February 2016. A total of 300 plants were used as experimental units in the study. Every treatment was replicated three times and each replication has 10 polyethylene bags planted with two plants each. Data was collected and analysed with the use of the Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results revealed that the foliar fertilizers used have no remarkable effect on the weekly height, weekly growth rate, length of leaves, and shoot root ratio of pak choi. Nevertheless, commercial fertilizer significantly increased the mean number of leaves (7.53cm), width of leaves (15.10cm), economic and biological yields (105.10 grams and 106.88 grams, respectively) of pak choi compared with the rest of the treatments, except for vermitea which produced a comparable width of leaves (15.04cm). Also, a significantly lower number of the damaged leaves caused by looper (TrichoplusianiHÃ¼bner) was noted on plants treated with commercial foliar fertilizer (0.51 leaf per plant). The highest net income was obtained by commercial foliar fertilizer-treated plants, but plants treated with vermitea earned the highest return of investment (ROI). Therefore, the utilization of vermitea in pak choi production can reduce the cost of fertilizer and contribute to an economical production system under protected cultivation.

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