scholarly journals Odorant Receptor Expression Patterns Are Restored in Lesion-Recovered Rat Olfactory Epithelium

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Iwema
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Receptor Expression

scholarly journals Innate immune signaling in the olfactory epithelium reduces odorant receptor levels: modeling transient smell loss in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Rodriguez ◽  
Luxiang Cao ◽  
Gregory T. Rickenbacher ◽  
Eric G. Benz ◽  
Colin Magdamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Type I ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Leading Symptom

Post-infectious anosmias typically follow death of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) with a months-long recovery phase associated with parosmias. While profound anosmia is the leading symptom associated with COVID-19 infection, many patients regain olfactory function within days to weeks without distortions. Here, we demonstrate that sterile induction of anti-viral type I interferon signaling in the mouse olfactory epithelium is associated with diminished odor discrimination and reduced odor-evoked local field potentials. RNA levels of all class I, class II, and TAAR odorant receptors are markedly reduced in OSNs in a non-cell autonomous manner. We find that people infected with COVID-19 rate odors with lower intensities and have odor discrimination deficits relative to people that tested negative for COVID-19. Taken together, we propose that inflammatory-mediated loss of odorant receptor expression with preserved circuit integrity accounts for the profound anosmia and rapid recovery of olfactory function without parosmias caused by COVID-19.

Laminar segregation of odorant receptor expression in the olfactory epithelium

1996 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Strotmann ◽  
Sidonie Konzelmann ◽  
Heinz Breer
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression

Spatial segregation of odorant receptor expression in the mammalian olfactory epithelium

Cell ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Vassar ◽  
John Ngai ◽  
Richard Axel
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Receptor Expression

scholarly journals Integrated molecular characterisation of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma identifies opportunities for stratification

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Hollis ◽  
Barbara Stanley ◽  
John P. Thomson ◽  
Michael Churchman ◽  
Ian Croy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Endometrioid Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Landscape

AbstractEndometrioid ovarian carcinoma (EnOC) is an under-investigated ovarian cancer type. Recent studies have described disease subtypes defined by genomics and hormone receptor expression patterns; here, we determine the relationship between these subtyping layers to define the molecular landscape of EnOC with high granularity and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities in high-risk cases. Whole exome sequencing data were integrated with progesterone and oestrogen receptor (PR and ER) expression-defined subtypes in 90 EnOC cases following robust pathological assessment, revealing dominant clinical and molecular features in the resulting integrated subtypes. We demonstrate significant correlation between subtyping approaches: PR-high (PR + /ER + , PR + /ER−) cases were predominantly CTNNB1-mutant (73.2% vs 18.4%, P < 0.001), while PR-low (PR−/ER + , PR−/ER−) cases displayed higher TP53 mutation frequency (38.8% vs 7.3%, P = 0.001), greater genomic complexity (P = 0.007) and more frequent copy number alterations (P = 0.001). PR-high EnOC patients experience favourable disease-specific survival independent of clinicopathological and genomic features (HR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.04–0.71). TP53 mutation further delineates the outcome of patients with PR-low tumours (HR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.14–5.75). A simple, routinely applicable, classification algorithm utilising immunohistochemistry for PR and p53 recapitulated these subtypes and their survival profiles. The genomic profile of high-risk EnOC subtypes suggests that inhibitors of the MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways, alongside PARP inhibitors, represent promising candidate agents for improving patient survival. Patients with PR-low TP53-mutant EnOC have the greatest unmet clinical need, while PR-high tumours—which are typically CTNNB1-mutant and TP53 wild-type—experience excellent survival and may represent candidates for trials investigating de-escalation of adjuvant chemotherapy to agents such as endocrine therapy.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium of GFP transgenic cloned Jinhua pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hirao ◽  
Tatsuo Kawarasaki ◽  
Kenjiro Konno ◽  
Satoko Enya ◽  
Masatoshi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gfp Expression ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Cardiac looping and the vertebrate left-right axis: antagonism of left-sided Vg1 activity by a right-sided ALK2-dependent BMP pathway

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5195-5205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Ramsdell ◽  
H.J. Yost
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Xenopus Embryo ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Heart Tube ◽  
Cardiac Morphogenesis ◽  
Heart Looping ◽  
Bmp Pathway ◽  
The Right

The rightward looping of the primary heart tube is dependent upon upstream patterning events that establish the vertebrate left-right axis. In Xenopus, a left-sided Vg1 signaling pathway has been implicated in instructing cells to adopt a ‘left-sided identity’; however, it is not known whether ‘right-sided identity’ is acquired by a default pathway or by antagonism of Vg1 signaling. Here, we propose that an antagonistic, BMP/ALK2/Smad-mediated signaling pathway is active on the right side of the Xenopus embryo. Truncated ALK2 receptor expression on the right side of the blastula elicits heart reversals and altered nodal expression. Consistent with these findings, constitutively active ALK2 (CA-ALK2) receptor expression on the left side of the blastula also elicits heart reversals and altered nodal expression. Coexpression of CA-ALK2 with mature Vg1 ligand results in predominantly left-sided nodal expression patterns and normal heart looping, demonstrating that the ALK2 pathway can ‘rescue’ left-right reversals that otherwise occur following right-sided misexpression of mature Vg1 ligand alone. Results with chimeric precursor proteins indicate that the mature domain of BMP ligands can mimic the ability of the ALK2 signaling pathway to antagonize the Vg1 pathway. Consistent with the observed antagonism between BMP and Vg1 ligands, left-sided ectopic expression of Xolloid results in heart reversals. Moreover, ectopic expression of Smad1 or Smad7 identified two downstream modulators of the BMP/ALK2 signaling pathway that also can regulate cardiac orientation. Collectively, these results define a BMP/ALK2-mediated pathway on the right side of the Xenopus embryo and, moreover, suggest that left-right patterning preceding cardiac morphogenesis involves the activation of two distinct and antagonistic, left- and right-sided TGF(beta)-related signaling pathways.

Differential and overlapping expression patterns of X-dll3 and Pax-6 genes suggest distinct roles in olfactory system development of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (12) ◽  
pp. 2049-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Dominique Franco ◽  
Michael P. Pape ◽  
Jennifer J. Swiergiel ◽  
Gail D. Burd
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
System Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Olfactory Placode ◽  
Water Borne

SUMMARY In Xenopus laevis, the formation of the adult olfactory epithelium involves embryonic, larval and metamorphic phases. The olfactory epithelium in the principal cavity (PC) develops during embryogenesis from the olfactory placode and is thought to respond to water-borne odorants throughout larval life. During metamorphosis, the PC undergoes major transformations and is exposed to air-borne odorants. Also during metamorphosis, the middle cavity (MC) develops de novo. The olfactory epithelium in the MC has the same characteristics as that in the larval PC and is thought to respond to water-borne odorants. Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed the expression pattern of the homeobox genes X-dll3 and Pax-6 within the developing olfactory system. Early in development, X-dll3 is expressed in both the neuronal and non-neuronal ectoderm of the sense plate and in all cell layers of the olfactory placode and larval PC. Expression becomes restricted to the neurons and basal cells of the PC by mid-metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, X-dll3 is also expressed throughout the developing MC epithelium and becomes restricted to neurons and basal cells at metamorphic climax. This expression pattern suggests that X-dll3 is first involved in the patterning and genesis of all cells forming the olfactory tissue and is then involved in neurogenesis or neuronal maturation in putative water- and air-sensing epithelia. In contrast, Pax-6 expression is restricted to the olfactory placode, larval PC and metamorphic MC, suggesting that Pax-6 is specifically involved in the formation of water-sensing epithelium. The expression patterns suggest that X-dll3 and Pax-6 are both involved in establishing the olfactory placode during embryonic development, but subtle differences in cellular and temporal expression patterns suggest that these genes have distinct functions.

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