scholarly journals Social Status–Dependent Shift in Neural Circuit Activation Affects Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2137-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Miller ◽  
Katie Clements ◽  
Sungwoo Ahn ◽  
Choongseok Park ◽  
Eoon Hye Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Neural Circuit

scholarly journals Hearing regulatesDrosophilaaggression

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1958-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Versteven ◽  
Lies Vanden Broeck ◽  
Bart Geurten ◽  
Liesbeth Zwarts ◽  
Lisse Decraecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Intermale Aggression ◽  
Mechanical Disruption ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Auditory Organ

Aggression is a universal social behavior important for the acquisition of food, mates, territory, and social status. Aggression inDrosophilais context-dependent and can thus be expected to involve inputs from multiple sensory modalities. Here, we use mechanical disruption and genetic approaches inDrosophila melanogasterto identify hearing as an important sensory modality in the context of intermale aggressive behavior. We demonstrate that neuronal silencing and targeted knockdown of hearing genes in the fly’s auditory organ elicit abnormal aggression. Further, we show that exposure to courtship or aggression song has opposite effects on aggression. Our data define the importance of hearing in the control ofDrosophilaintermale aggression and open perspectives to decipher how hearing and other sensory modalities are integrated at the neural circuit level.

scholarly journals Determination of recreational activities participation levels and psycho-social status of the children under protected in Karaman province Determination of recreational activities participation levels and psycho-social status of the children under protected in Karaman provinceKaraman ili bünyesinde korunma altına alınan çocukların rekreatif faaliyetlere katılım düzeylerinin ve psiko-sosyal durumlarının belirlenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Sefa Şahan Birol ◽  
Veysel Temel ◽  
Elif Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

The aim of this research was to identify levels of participation in recreational activities in children living under the protection of children's shelter in Karaman province. Then, determine their decision making, trait anxiety and burnout levels in terms of psychosocial variables. In this qualitative study, research group consisted of 31 children between the ages of 7-18 who are protected in 6 children’s shelter which are under the control of the ministry of Family and Social Policies, coordination center of children’s shelter in Karaman. In the direction of expert guidance, the sampling group consisted of a house among 6 children’s shelter where children reside between the ages of 15-17 with 5 children capacity. Besides personal information questions, qualitative questions formed with the guidance of decision making scale, spielberger state and trait anxiety scale and maslach burnout inventory-student survey were asked the sampling group. Four themes which were recreation, decision making, trait anxiety and burnout were emerged after thematic content coding. Findings indicate that participants need more social and sportive recreational activities. Participants have positive mood, happy and their burnout level is low. They take their own decisions even they consult around people caring them. They also do not regret after their decisions. Despite they have no concern about their occupation in future due to their confidence themselves. They have nervouspsyschological structure because of their possible conflicts with their parents. Hence, it is possible that their anxiety and burnout levels can reach high level.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, Karaman ili bünyesindeki çocuk evlerinde korunma altına alınan çocukların rekreatif faaliyetlere katılım düzeylerinin belirlenerek bu bağlamda, yaşamlarının psiko-sosyal açıdan incelenip, elde edilen verilere göre karar verme, sürekli kaygı ile tükenmişlik düzeylerini belirlemektir. Yapılan nitel araştırmada, çalışma grubunu, Karaman Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar İl Müdürlüğü, Çocuk Evleri Koordinasyon Merkezi bünyesinde oluşturulan 6 çocuk evinde koruma altına alınan 7-18 yaş aralığında toplam 31 çocuk oluşturmakta olup, örneklemini ise uzman yönlendirmesi doğrultusunda adı geçen 6 çocuk evi içerisinden 15-17 yaş aralığında çocukların ikamet ettiği ve toplamda 5 çocuk kapasiteli bir çocuk evi meydana getirmektedir. Çalışmada, kişisel bilgi formu, Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği, Spielberger Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Öğrenci Formundan faydalanılarak hazırlanan sorular katılımcılara sözel olarak yöneltilmiştir. Yapılan tematik içerik kodlaması sonrasında rekreasyon, karar verme, sürekli kaygı ve tükenmişlik olarak dört tema oluşturulmuştur.Yapılan araştırma neticesinde; katılımcıların daha fazla sosyal ve sportif rekreatif aktivitelere ihtiyaç duydukları; kararlarını çevresinde önem verdiği kişilere danışmasına rağmen kendileri aldıkları ve bunun sonucunda pişman olmadıkları; genel anlamdatükenmişlik düzeylerinin düşük, mutlu ve olumlu bir ruh hali içerisinde oldukları ve kendilerine olan güvenleri doğrultusunda gelecekte edinecekleri meslek konusunda bir endişe taşımamalarına rağmen, aileleri ile ilgili yaşanılacak olumsuzluklar neticesinde, sinirli bir yapıya bürünüp bu hususla ilgili kaygı ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin yüksek boyutlara ulaşabilme ihtimalinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

scholarly journals From Retrospective to Prospective: Integrated Value Representation in Frontal Cortex for Predictive Choice Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Hamaguchi ◽  
Hiromi Takahashi-Aoki ◽  
Dai Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preparatory Activity ◽  
Action Value ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Sources

Animals must flexibly estimate the value of their actions to successfully adapt in a changing environment. The brain is thought to estimate action-value from two different sources, namely the action-outcome history (retrospective value) and the knowledge of the environment (prospective value). How these two different estimates of action-value are reconciled to make a choice is not well understood. Here we show that as a mouse learns the state-transition structure of a decision-making task, retrospective and prospective values become jointly encoded in the preparatory activity of neurons in the frontal cortex. Suppressing this preparatory activity in expert mice returned their behavior to a naive state. These results reveal the neural circuit that integrates knowledge about the past and future to support predictive decision-making.

scholarly journals Social hierarchy is established and maintained with distinct acts of aggression in male Drosophilamelanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (24) ◽  
pp. jeb232439
Author(s):  
Jasper C. Simon ◽  
Ulrike Heberlein
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Explicit Approach ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Dominant State

ABSTRACTSocial interactions pivot on an animal's experiences, internal states and feedback from others. This complexity drives the need for precise descriptions of behavior to dissect the fine detail of its genetic and neural circuit bases. In laboratory assays, male Drosophila melanogaster reliably exhibit aggression, and its extent is generally measured by scoring lunges, a feature of aggression in which one male quickly thrusts onto his opponent. Here, we introduce an explicit approach to identify both the onset and reversals in hierarchical status between opponents and observe that distinct aggressive acts reproducibly precede, concur or follow the establishment of dominance. We find that lunges are insufficient for establishing dominance. Rather, lunges appear to reflect the dominant state of a male and help in maintaining his social status. Lastly, we characterize the recurring and escalating structure of aggression that emerges through subsequent reversals in dominance. Collectively, this work provides a framework for studying the complexity of agonistic interactions in male flies, enabling its neurogenetic basis to be understood with precision.

Individual pension-related risk propensities: the effects of socio-demographic characteristics and a spousal pension entitlement on risk attitudes

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON L. CLARK ◽  
KENDRA STRAUSS
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTThe transition from defined-benefit to defined-contribution occupational-pension plans has placed a premium on the participants' or contributors' decision-making competence. Their attitudes to risk and their responses to available investment options can have far-reaching implications for their retirement income. Behavioural research on risk and uncertainty has raised understanding of the limits of individual decision-making, but the social status and demographic characteristics of plan participants may also affect risk perception and pension choices. By studying a random sample of the British adult population, this paper explores the significance of socio-demographic characteristics for pension-related risk attitudes. It is demonstrated that pension-plan participants do not appear to understand the risks associated with different types of retirement savings and pension plans. The paper also shows that the gender, age and income of plan participants can give rise to distinctive risk propensities, and that marital status and, in particular, whether a spouse also has a pension can also have significant consequences for household risk preferences. These results have implications for those segments of the population that are disadvantaged in the labour market. Employer-provided pensions' education and information programmes may have to be more basic and more closely tailored to the social status of pension plan participants than hitherto assumed or hoped.

Dynamical Foundations of the Neural Circuit for Bayesian Decision Making

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Morita
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Bayesian Decision Making ◽  
The Brain

On the basis of accumulating behavioral and neural evidences, it has recently been proposed that the brain neural circuits of humans and animals are equipped with several specific properties, which ensure that perceptual decision making implemented by the circuits can be nearly optimal in terms of Bayesian inference. Here, I introduce the basic ideas of such a proposal and discuss its implications from the standpoint of biophysical modeling developed in the framework of dynamical systems.

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