scholarly journals Regeneration of sensory cells after laser ablation in the lateral line system: hair cell lineage and macrophage behavior revealed by time- lapse video microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Jones ◽  
JT Corwin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Video Microscopy ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Time Lapse Video

Electroreceptors and Direction Specific Arrangement in the Lateral Line System of Salamanders?

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Fritzsch
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Lateral Line Organ ◽  
Posterior Lateral Line ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Lateral Line Afferents ◽  
Line Organ

Abstract The arrangement of the lateral line afferents of salamanders as revealed by transganglionic staining with horse­ radish peroxidase is described. Each lateral line organ is supplied by two fibers only. In the medulla these two afferent fibers run in separate fiber bundles. It is suggested, that only those fibers contacting lateral line sensory cells with the same polarity form together one bundle. Bundles formed by anterior or posterior lateral line afferents are also clearly separated. Beside the lateral line organs smaller pit organs are described. These organs are supplied by one afferent only which reveals an arrangement in the medulla different from that of the lateral line afferents. Based on anatomical facts, these small pit organs are considered to be electroreceptors. Centrifugally projecting neurons, most probably efferents, are described in the medulla.

scholarly journals Insights into Electroreceptor Development and Evolution from Molecular Comparisons with Hair Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare V H Baker ◽  
Melinda S Modrell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Ribbon Synapses

Abstract The vertebrate lateral line system comprises a mechanosensory division, with neuromasts containing hair cells that detect local water movement (“distant touch”); and an electrosensory division, with electrosensory organs that detect the weak, low-frequency electric fields surrounding other animals in water (primarily used for hunting). The entire lateral line system was lost in the amniote lineage with the transition to fully terrestrial life; the electrosensory division was lost independently in several lineages, including the ancestors of frogs and of teleost fishes. (Electroreception with different characteristics subsequently evolved independently within two teleost lineages.) Recent gene expression studies in a non-teleost actinopterygian fish suggest that electroreceptor ribbon synapses employ the same transmission mechanisms as hair cell ribbon synapses, and show that developing electrosensory organs express transcription factors essential for hair cell development, including Atoh1 and Pou4f3. Previous hypotheses for electroreceptor evolution suggest either that electroreceptors and hair cells evolved independently in the vertebrate ancestor from a common ciliated secondary cell, or that electroreceptors evolved from hair cells. The close developmental and putative physiological similarities implied by the gene expression data support the latter hypothesis, i.e., that electroreceptors evolved in the vertebrate ancestor as a “sister cell-type” to lateral line hair cells.

Temporal precision and reliability in the velocity regime of a hair-cell sensory system: the mechanosensory lateral line of goldfish, Carassius auratus

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 2581-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Goulet ◽  
J. Leo van Hemmen ◽  
Sarah N. Jung ◽  
Boris P. Chagnaud ◽  
Björn Scholze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Signal Reconstruction ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Line System

Fish and aquatic frogs detect minute water motion by means of a specialized mechanosensory system, the lateral line. Ubiquitous in fish, the lateral-line system is characterized by hair-cell based sensory structures across the fish's surface called neuromasts. These neuromasts occur free-standing on the skin as superficial neuromasts (SN) or are recessed into canals as canal neuromasts. SNs respond to rapid changes of water velocity in a small layer of fluid around the fish, including the so-called boundary layer. Although omnipresent, the boundary layer's impact on the SN response is still a matter of debate. For the first time using an information-theoretic approach to this sensory system, we have investigated the SN afferents encoding capabilities. Combining covariance analysis, phase analysis, and modeling of recorded neuronal responses of primary lateral line afferents, we show that encoding by the SNs is adequately described as a linear, velocity-responsive mechanism. Afferent responses display a bimodal distribution of opposite Wiener kernels that likely reflected the two hair-cell populations within a given neuromast. Using frozen noise stimuli, we further demonstrate that SN afferents respond in an extremely precise manner and with high reproducibility across a broad frequency band (10–150 Hz), revealing that an optimal decoder would need to rely extensively on a temporal code. This was further substantiated by means of signal reconstruction of spike trains that were time shifted with respect to their original. On average, a time shift of 3.5 ms was enough to diminish the encoding capabilities of primary afferents by 70%. Our results further demonstrate that the SNs' encoding capability is linearly related to the stimulus outside the boundary layer, and that the boundary layer can, therefore, be neglected while interpreting lateral line response of SN afferents to hydrodynamic stimuli.

scholarly journals Sox2 and Sox3 are essential for development and regeneration of the zebrafish lateral line

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian A. Undurraga ◽  
Yunzi Gou ◽  
Pablo C. Sandoval ◽  
Viviana A. Nuñez ◽  
Miguel L. Allende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Line System

ABSTRACTThe recovery of injured or lost sensory neurons after trauma, disease or aging is a major scientific challenge. Upon hearing loss or balance disorder, regeneration of mechanosensory hair cells has been observed in fish, some amphibians and under special circumstances in birds, but is absent in adult mammals. In aquatic vertebrates, hair cells are not only present in the inner ear but also in neuromasts of the lateral line system. The zebrafish lateral line neuromast has an almost unlimited capacity to regenerate hair cells. This remarkable ability is possible due to the presence of neural stem/progenitor cells within neuromasts. In order to further characterize these stem cells, we use the expression of the neural progenitor markers Sox2 and Sox3, transgenic reporter lines, and morphological and topological analysis of the different cell types within the neuromast. We reveal new sub-populations of supporting cells, the sustentacular supporting cells and the neuromast stem cells. In addition, using loss-of-function and mutants of sox2 and sox3, we find that the combined activity of both genes is essential for lateral line development and regeneration. The capability of sox2/sox3 expressing stem cells to produce new hair cells, hair cell-precursors, and supporting cells after damage was analyzed in detail by time-lapse microscopy and immunofluorescence. We are able to provide evidence that sox2/3 expressing cells are the main contributors to the regenerated neuromast, and that their daughter cells are able to differentiate into most cell types of the neuromast.

From artificial hair cell sensor to artificial lateral line system: Development and application

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchen Yang ◽  
Nannan Chen ◽  
Craig Tucker ◽  
Jonathan Engel ◽  
Saunvit Pandya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System

The Development of the Lateral Line System in Plaice (Pleuronectes Platessa) and Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Neave
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Blind Side ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Pleuronectes Platessa ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

The distribution of free neuromasts and the formation of the lateral line canals are described for two species of flatfish (plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L., and turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.) during development from the bilaterally symmetrical larva to the bilaterally asymmetrical adult. On hatching plaice have three free neuromasts per side compared with six in turbot. After feeding is established plaice have 40–60/side compared with 20–25 in turbot. During development the ‘hillock’ of sensory cells increases in size and the cupulae grow in length. Canal formation starts later in plaice than in turbot. During metamorphosis the canal system becomes more concentrated in the upper (eyed) side of both species, but lateral line canals occur both on the head and body regions of the blind side. In plaice the tubes leading from the canals to the surface have typically one pore/tube, whereas in turbot there is much branching with 8–10 pores/tube.

scholarly journals Insights into electrosensory organ development, physiology and evolution from a lateral line-enriched transcriptome

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda S Modrell ◽  
Mike Lyne ◽  
Adrian R Carr ◽  
Harold H Zakon ◽  
David Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Line System ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Ampullary Organ

The anamniote lateral line system, comprising mechanosensory neuromasts and electrosensory ampullary organs, is a useful model for investigating the developmental and evolutionary diversification of different organs and cell types. Zebrafish neuromast development is increasingly well understood, but neither zebrafish nor Xenopus is electroreceptive and our molecular understanding of ampullary organ development is rudimentary. We have used RNA-seq to generate a lateral line-enriched gene-set from late-larval paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). Validation of a subset reveals expression in developing ampullary organs of transcription factor genes critical for hair cell development, and genes essential for glutamate release at hair cell ribbon synapses, suggesting close developmental, physiological and evolutionary links between non-teleost electroreceptors and hair cells. We identify an ampullary organ-specific proneural transcription factor, and candidates for the voltage-sensing L-type Cav channel and rectifying Kv channel predicted from skate (cartilaginous fish) ampullary organ electrophysiology. Overall, our results illuminate ampullary organ development, physiology and evolution.

Design of a Microfluidic Device to Induce Noise Damage in Hair Cells of the Zebrafish Lateral Line

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuck-Jin Kwon ◽  
Yuhao Xu ◽  
Stephen A. Solovitz ◽  
Wei Xue ◽  
Alexander G. Dimitrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Noise Damage

Hearing loss affects millions of people worldwide and often results from death of the sensory hair cells in the inner ear. Noise-induced damage is one of the leading causes of hair cell loss. Recently, the zebrafish lateral line system has emerged as a powerful in vivo model for real-time studies of hair cell damage and protection. In this research, we designed a microfluidic device to induce noise damage in hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line. As the first step, a 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was utilized to predict the flow pattern inside the device. An ideal flow pattern for our application should feature higher velocity at the side and lower velocity in the middle of a channel. Flow induced from ordinary channel geometry with single inlet/outlet pair would not work for us because the boundary layers from the two side walls will grow and merge with each other and induce the maximum flow speed in the middle of the channel. In order to achieve the desired flow pattern, side-wall inlet/outlet pairs were used to suppress the growth of boundary layers. CFD simulation was used to design important parameters such as dimensions of the microfluidic channel and the angle of inlets and outlets. It was found that flow velocity at the side of the channel could be 6.7 times faster than the velocity in the middle when we array the inlets and outlets alternatively and set the angle of the inlet to 45° with 2.0 mm main channel width. This 3-D CFD model will serve as a convenient model to design a microfluidic device to induce noise damage in hair cells of a zebrafish lateral line by manipulating the flow pattern inside the device.

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