scholarly journals Local Regulation of Neurofilament Transport by Myelinating Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 2979-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Monsma ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
J. D. Fenn ◽  
P. Jung ◽  
A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Local Regulation ◽  
Neurofilament Transport

Local Regulation of Nonlinear Dynamics

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Kwatny ◽  
William H. Bennett ◽  
Jordan Berg
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Local Regulation

scholarly journals Cdk5 and GSK3β inhibit fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio P. A. Ferreira ◽  
Alessandra Casamento ◽  
Sara Carrillo Roas ◽  
Els F. Halff ◽  
James Panambalana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Serum Starvation ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Axon Elongation ◽  
Cone Formation

AbstractEndocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of micronutrients and cell surface proteins. Fast Endophilin-mediated endocytosis, FEME, is not constitutively active but triggered upon receptor activation. High levels of growth factors induce spontaneous FEME, which can be suppressed upon serum starvation. This suggested a role for protein kinases in this growth factor receptor-mediated regulation. Using chemical and genetic inhibition, we find that Cdk5 and GSK3β are negative regulators of FEME. They antagonize the binding of Endophilin to Dynamin-1 and to CRMP4, a Plexin A1 adaptor. This control is required for proper axon elongation, branching and growth cone formation in hippocampal neurons. The kinases also block the recruitment of Dynein onto FEME carriers by Bin1. As GSK3β binds to Endophilin, it imposes a local regulation of FEME. Thus, Cdk5 and GSK3β are key regulators of FEME, licensing cells for rapid uptake by the pathway only when their activity is low.

Permitted to Build? Moral Foundations in Newspaper Framing of Mosque-Construction Controversies

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Bowe
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
American Media ◽  
Permitting Process

Recent proposals by American Muslims to build mosques have been met with technical and ideological opposition during the permitting process. This article examines the framing of these debates in newspaper stories between 2010 and 2013 to better understand the socially constructed position Muslims hold in American media and public spheres. Connecting framing and Moral Foundations Theory, this analysis identifies five frames: Local Regulation, Political Debate, Muslim Neighbors, Islamic Threat, and Legal Authority. These frames emphasized binding moral foundations related to in-group protection and deference to authority. A binary logistic regression found that moral evaluations were associated with mosque support, but not mosque opposition.

Mechanism of volume replacement and vascular constriction following hemorrhage

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Haddy ◽  
J. B. Scott ◽  
J. I. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Volume Replacement ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Local Regulation

Experiments in the anesthetized dog suggest that fluid moves into the vascular system following hemorrhage because of fall in capillary hydrostatic pressure subsequent to decrease in aortic and right atrial pressures and increase in precapillary resistance. Postcapillary resistance also rises but not sufficiently to prevent the fall in capillary pressure. The increase in precapillary resistance results from active constriction, passive constriction, and, very transiently, increase in blood viscosity. The active constriction of precapillary vessels is due to a baroreceptor-induced sympathico-adrenal discharge and to some nonadrenal, nonrenal circulating vasoconstrictor substance. The active vasoconstriction is not well maintained in forelimb, intestine, or kidney because of local regulation ("autoregulation") and baroreceptor-induced lessening of the sympathico-adrenal discharge subsequent to movement of tissue fluid into the vascular system. This waning constriction together with a rise in perfusion pressure permits partial recovery of flow. The increase in forelimb postcapillary resistance results mainly from passive constriction. Active constriction subsequent to the sympathico-adrenal discharge is seen only with large hemorrhage.

Where a Subdivision Is Not a “Subdivision”: State Enabling Statutes and the Local Regulation (or Not) of Land Division in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Prytherch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
American States ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
Rural Sprawl

Subdivision control has long been a central pillar of planning. Nonetheless, many American states statutorily exempt entire classes of land division from local subdivision control. This legal analysis therefore asks the following: Which land divisions are localities actually enabled by statute to regulate as “subdivisions”? Which are exempted from subdivision control? What are the implications for development and planning, particularly at the exurban fringe? This fifty-state review reveals diverse ways subdivisions are defined and particular divisions—involving no new streets, large parcels, or small numbers of lots—commonly exempted from regulation, and possible consequences for managing rural sprawl.

The Local Regulation of Climate Change

2012 ◽  
pp. 454-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Deshazo ◽  
Juan Matute
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Urban And Regional Planning ◽  
Policy Effects

This article discusses the importance of measuring the greenhouse gas (GHG) effects of urban and regional planning and policy in order to develop and implement policies to reduce GHG emissions. It argues that existing local government GHG measurement methods fail to support the local governments in their evaluation of policy design and the GHG reductions resulting from their policies. The article highlights the need for a large amount of observational data, from different locations and different times, as well as for control variables in order to disentangle local policy effects from nonpolicy and extra-local effects.

scholarly journals Non-formal spaces of socio-cultural accompaniment: Responding to young unaccompanied refugees – reflections from the Partispace project

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Janet Batsleer ◽  
Björn Andersson ◽  
Susanne Liljeholm Hansson ◽  
Jessica Lütgens ◽  
Yağmur Mengilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Spaces ◽  
The Uk

Drawing on research in progress in the Partispace project we make a case for the recognition of the importance of non-formal spaces in response to young refugees across three different national contexts: Frankfurt in Germany; Gothenburg in Sweden; and Manchester in the UK. It is argued that recognition of local regulation and national controls of immigration which support climates of hostility makes it important to recognise and affirm the significance of non-formal spaces and ‘small spaces close to home’ which are often developed in the ‘third space’ of civil society and arise from the impulses driven by the solidarity of volunteers. In these contexts it is important that practices of hospitality can develop which symbolically reconstitute refugees as hosts and subjects of a democratic conversation, without which there is no possible administrative solution to the refugee crisis. It is essential that educational spaces such as schools, colleges and universities forge strong bonds with such emergent spaces.

Biphasic effect of hydrogen peroxide on skeletal muscle arteriolar tone via activation of endothelial and smooth muscle signaling pathways

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csongor Csekő ◽  
Zsolt Bagi ◽  
Akos Koller
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Prostaglandin H ◽  
Arteriolar Tone

We hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a role in the local regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow, thus significantly affecting the myogenic tone of arterioles. In our study, we investigated the effects of exogenous H2O2 on the diameter of isolated, pressurized (at 80 mmHg) rat gracilis skeletal muscle arterioles (diameter of ∼150 μm). Lower concentrations of H2O2 (10−6–3 × 10−5 M) elicited constrictions, whereas higher concentrations of H2O2 (6 × 10−5–3 × 10−4 M), after initial constrictions, caused dilations of arterioles (at 10−4 M H2O2, −19 ± 1% constriction and 66 ± 4% dilation). Endothelium removal reduced both constrictions (to −10 ± 1%) and dilations (to 33 ± 3%) due to H2O2. Constrictions due to H2O2 were completely abolished by indomethacin and the prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 (PGH2/TxA2) receptor antagonist SQ-29548. Dilations due to H2O2 were significantly reduced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (to 38 ± 7%) but were unaffected by clotrimazole or sulfaphenazole (inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 enzymes), indomethacin, or SQ-29548. In endothelium-denuded arterioles, clotrimazole had no effect, whereas H2O2-induced dilations were significantly reduced by charybdotoxin plus apamin, inhibitors of Ca2+-activated K+ channels (to 24 ± 3%), the selective blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channels glybenclamide (to 14 ± 2%), and the nonselective K+-channel inhibitor tetrabutylammonium (to −1 ± 1%). Thus exogenous administration of H2O2 elicits 1) release of PGH2/TxA2 from both endothelium and smooth muscle, 2) release of nitric oxide from the endothelium, and 3) activation of K+ channels, such as Ca2+-activated and ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the smooth muscle resulting in biphasic changes of arteriolar diameter. Because H2O2 at low micromolar concentrations activates several intrinsic mechanisms, we suggest that H2O2 contributes to the local regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

scholarly journals An Approach of Legisprudence Theory to Assess the Quality of Local Regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Marthen Arie
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Important Object

The applicable law (as a result of legislation) is not always a reflection of the society concerned. Local regulations in the area were impressed into law to be “forced” because it does not conform to the spirit and characteristics of the society. The formation of local regulation is increasingly complex and complicated when the process and its substance beside cannot be separated from the political process, it is also cannot be separated from social processes. The problematic of local regulation formation is indicated by the fact that the authorized institution to arrange the local regulation is still not sufficient to produce products of high quality local laws. Legisprudence theory may open new perspectives on the validity of norm or legitimacy of norm and by course using this approach the quality of local regulations will be more qualified. Although a political approach is more into the heart in the legislative process but legislation and regulation can be an important object. Legal theory is not only a basis on enforcement or implementation of the rule of law, but it is very useful theory in law-making.

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