The Impact of Plan Colombia on Forced Displacement

2009 ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Plan Colombia ◽  
The Impact

Forced displacement in Colombia: Magnitude and causes

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Ibanez
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the magnitude, geographical extent,  and causes of forced population displacements in Colombia. Forced migration in Colombia is a war strategy adopted by armed groups to strengthen territorial strongholds, weaken civilian support to the enemy, seize valuable lands, and produce and transport illegal drugs with ease. Forced displacement in Colombia today affects 3.5 million people. Equivalent to 7.8 percent of Colombia's population, and second worldwide only to Sudan, this shows the magnitude of the humanitarian crisis the country is facing. The phenomenon involves all of Colombia's territory and nearly 90 percent of the country's municipalities expel or receive population. In contrast to other countries, forced migration in Colombia is largely internal. Illegal armed groups are the main responsible parties, migration does not result in massive refugee streams but occurs on an individual basis, and the displaced population is dispersed throughout the territory and not focused in refugee camps. These characteristics pose unique challenges for crafting state policy that can effectively mitigate the impact of displacement.

MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT AND REFUGEE AND UNAUTHORIZED STATUS ON YOUTH:

2019 ◽  
pp. 186-206
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Yoshikawa ◽  
Alice J. Wuermli ◽  
J. Lawrence Aber
Keyword(s):  
Forced Displacement ◽  
The Impact

Plan Colombia and the revolution in military affairs: the demise of the FARC

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 715-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIM ROCHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Plan Colombia ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the utilisation of the RMA on the part of the Colombian and US governments vis-à-vis the Farc. The central argument is that the RMA as applied in Colombia relies on newfangled and sometimes clever conceptions of force that have weakened the relative power of the Farc, but which fail to address the root causes of insurgency in the country that centre on profound economic inequity and violent political exclusion. Over 75 per cent of the $6 billion so far divulged through Plan Colombia has been devoted to military and police assistance, with the rest going to institutional programmes and to a lesser extent to social programmes. Although the insurgents are indeed weaker, as a result both of the RMA as well as misguided policies on the part of the guerrillas themselves, they are by no means ‘broken’. Violent conflict in the country will likely persist into the foreseeable future.

The impact of forced displacement in World War II on mental health disorders and health-related quality of life in late life – a German population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Freitag ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Silke Schmidt ◽  
Heide Glaesmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Health Related Qol ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: Long-term effects of World War II experiences affect psychological and physical health in aged adults. Forced displacement as a traumatic event is associated with increased psychological burden even after several decades. This study investigates the contribution of forced displacement as a predictor for mental health disorders and adds the aspect of health-related quality of life (QoL).Method: A sample of 1,659 German older adults aged 60–85 years was drawn from a representative survey. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), somatoform symptoms, depressive syndromes, and health-related QoL were assessed as outcome variables. Chi-square and t-test statistics examined differences between displaced and non-displaced people. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the impact of forced displacement on mental health disorders and QoL.Results: Displaced people reported higher levels of PTSD, depressive and somatoform symptoms, and lower levels of health-related QoL. Displacement significantly predicted PTSD and somatoform symptoms in late life, but not depressive disorders. Health-related QoL was predicted by forced displacement and socio-demographic variables.Conclusion: Forced displacement is associated with an elevated risk for PTSD and somatoform symptoms and lowered health-related QoL in aged adults. Its unique impact declines after including socio-demographic variables. Long-term consequences of forced displacement need further investigations and should include positive aspects in terms of resilience and protective coping strategies.

Creating “them” and “us”

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Mary Tomsic ◽  
Claire Marika Deery
Keyword(s):  
Picture Books ◽  
English Language ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forced Movement

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the contemporary “refugee crisis” is being presented to children through picture books and teaching materials. It uses the concept of refugeedom as an approach that takes into account the multiple facets involved in the forced movement of people in the past and present and seeks to show the value of historical understandings in educational contexts when framing resources for teachers and students. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines a sample of high-profile English language picture books about children’s stories of forced displacement and the most prominent freely available teaching materials connected to the books. A critical discursive analysis of the books and educative guides considers the ways in which ideas and information about forced displacement is framed for child readers and children in primary school classrooms. The context for the authors’ interest in exploring these books and educational resources is that in response to the numbers of children who are part of the current “refugee crisis” alongside a public call for the “crisis” to be explained to children. Findings The paper argues that picture books open up spaces for children to explore refugeedom through experiences of forced movement and various factors involved in the contemporary “refugee crisis”. In contrast, in the teaching resources and some peritextual materials, the child in the classroom is addressed as entirely disconnected from children who are forcibly displaced, students in classrooms are positioned to learn from the refugee “other”. When links are made between students in classroom and children who have been forcibly displaced it is through activities that position students in classrooms to imagine themselves as forcibly displaced, or to suggest they act within a humanitarian framework of welcoming or helping refugees. The authors believe that if teaching resources were more directly informed by discipline specific tools of historical concepts, more nuanced approaches to past and present histories of forced movement could be considered and from that more fruitful learning opportunities created for all students. Practical implications This research provides ideas about how materials to support the use of picture books in educational settings could be developed to promote historical thinking and contextualisation around key social and political issues in the world today. It also makes the case for historians to be involved in the creation of teaching materials in a collaborative way so that academic insights can be brought to teachers and students at all levels of education. Originality/value The value of this research is to understand how children are positioned in reading and learning about forced displacement and query the impact of decontextualised approaches to learning. It argues for the critical interpretative value that historical understanding can bring to present day issues which are history in the making.

scholarly journals Guerra privatizada, capitalismo lumpen y racismo en la frontera Ecuador-Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Figueroa Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Plan Colombia ◽  
The Impact

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la privatización de la guerra de Colombia en la frontera binacional con Ecuador y su relación con la desposesión de la población afrodescendiente. Se muestra cómo la guerra responde cada vez más a los intereses de las transnacionales armamentistas y a los crecientes ejércitos privados. A partir de la respuesta del Estado colombiano a las demandas de la población afrodescendiente en el contexto de la privatización de la guerra, se muestra cómo el discurso culturalista que se impuso desde los años 90 ha servido para afianzar la exclusión y la desposesión que sufren los afrodescendientes. Abstract This article analyzes the impact of the privatization of the Colombian war in the Ecuador-Colombia border and how this privatized war is related to the dispossession of the Afro-descendant population. Through the analysis of Plan Colombia and the appearance of private armies in the Colombian war, the article shows how the war responds to the interests of the transnational arms businesses. The responses that the Colombian state has given to the demands of the Afro-descendant population of the Nariño coast reveal how the culturalist discourse that has been imposed since the 1990s has served to consolidate the exclusion and dispossession produced by the privatized war.

scholarly journals Displacement-plurality (D-P) in women refugees, its influence on work engagement and implications for diversity practice: a critical and reflective review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varuni Wimalasiri
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Women Refugees ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Impact

PurposeMuch of the current research on women refugees and work focuses solely on settlement, neglecting the effects of displacement within this equation, despite its significant impact. Drawing from the wider literature of international development, migration, gender, work psychology and sociology, this paper provides a framework to guide informed research within this area.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a reflective and critical review of the intersection between gender, forced displacement and work. It addresses a blind spot in the current work literature, which fails to address the impact of displacement on refugee women and the consequences of displacement for vocational engagement during resettlement.FindingsThis paper contributes to the current literature in four ways. First, it adds forced displacement to the peripheral-intersections literature informing Acker's theory of “inequality regimes”. Secondly, it contributes to a deeper understanding of how pluralities and intersectionality develop during forced displacement, by introducing the theory of displacement-plurality (D-P). Thirdly, it contributes to human resource management (HRM) diversity practice by explaining the relationship between D-P and related constructs, such as work engagement (WE), economic empowerment (EE), work-related factors (WRFs) and psycho-social factors (PSFs) to help improve localised diversity practices in relation to refugee populations. Fourthly, it provides a detailed framework to guide research and practice in this area, supported by a critical evaluation of the current refugee work literature.Originality/valueWhen we understand displacement-related factors, we can move towards a more emancipatory approach to intersectionality, allowing us to develop more sophisticated approaches to diversity in organisations. In turn, this helps us to understand people's lived experiences and their responses to organisational interventions more effectively.

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