Conclusion and Policy Implications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomi Dinar ◽  
Ariel Dinar
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Environmental Cooperation ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
International Environmental Cooperation

This chapter highlights several important empirical conclusions that emerge from the chapters of the book. First, the statistical analysis investigating the linkages among water availability (measured as water quantity per capita) and variability of water supply and treaty-cooperation as well as the analysis investigating the type of institutions that contribute to treaty effectiveness in basins facing increased scarcity and variability support an inverted U-shape cooperation-scarcity/variability relationship. The chapter also discusses the role of several control variables that allow us to add nuance to the results and overall lessons for cooperation. Several conclusions emerge: we find little support for the claim that power asymmetry facilitates international cooperation. On the contrary, power asymmetry does not have a positive impact on treaty cooperation. We also find that incentives (which have been incorporated into existing treaties) such as financial transfers (often at the disposal of richer states) provide a better means for fostering international environmental cooperation between asymmetric parties. Both the quantitative empirical analysis and case-study investigation provide sufficient evidence to suggest that existing and future levels of scarcity and variability can be accommodated not only by institutions in and of themselves but likewise the mechanisms negotiated as part of these institutions.

scholarly journals The Role of Technical Innovation and Development of Industrial Sector in Korean International Business

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Khalel Al-Shawaf ◽  
Tahira Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Significance Level

With the pace of development and competitiveness, innovation plays an important role to capture the market share. Various countries have effective strategies to enhance Research and Development (R&D) and exchange value added products in international market. So, based on this the aim of this research is to examine the role of R&D, industrial design and charges for intellectual property in innovative exports in South Korean economy. Time series data for the period 1998 to 2017, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models are used to determine the dynamic interrelationship among the study variables. In summary, the overall results show that there is co-integration rank of in both trace test and value test at 1% significance level. Moreover, OLS and GMM findings depict that there is significant and positive coefficient for ID & RD which represent that they have positive impact on HT. Whereas, the IP displays a negative and significant relationship with high technology exports accordingly. Lastly, the diagnostic tests show that model is stable for the study time period and result is reliable. The current study also suggests some policy implications which can enhance innovative export products of South Korea while enhancing R&D.

Effects Of Internet-Based Social NetworkAmong University Students’ Academic Performance: A Case Study In School Of Quantitative Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper is to investigate the effect of google usage on uumsqs final yearstudents’ academic performance. The scope of this paper is focusing on studying the effects of google usage on university utaramalaysia (uum) students’ academic performance. This study has been carried out among final year students of school of quantitative science (sqs) by did survey through asking respondents for information using written questioning which is questionnaire. The survey from the respondents takes time almost a week. It is believe that google usage will create a positive impact on students. By doing this study, students can know whether google is affecting their academic performance. The sources where students refer for academic purpose can also been seen. Besides, the role of google that can help students to gain extra knowledge in the learning process can be identify. Students can find out more advantages that is brought by google which can leave a positive effect on their academic performance.

scholarly journals Re-Examining the Structure of Firms and the Provision of Finance: The Case for Islamic Partnerships

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Shams Osama Haikal
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Credit Creation ◽  
Debt Finance

In the past, Muslims and non-Muslims mainly depended on equity-based financing while debt was an exception, but this whole system was altered with the inception of banks followed by the corporations and the role of partnerships started to shrink. Accordingly, many issues emerged concerning the current financial system, for instance three different banking theories were developed that are based on different understanding of how banks and money function and each lead to different economic and policy implications. Frankly, the new entire system was borrowed from the English law and hence raised doubt about its compliance with Sharī’ah. Accordingly, the study aims to re-examine the structure of corporations, especially the concept of legal personality, and the provision of debt finance under the principles of Islamic law and their effect on the economy as compared to partnerships. The study employed library research, content analysis as well as case study approaches and found that the only correct banking theory that is supported by an empirical evidence is the credit creation theory which states that banks can create money out of nothing. Moreover, after analyzing the concept of legal personality, the concept proved not to be accepted by the classical scholars although the majority of the contemporary scholars insist on its validity. Furthermore, the whole structure was found to contradict some of the main principles of Islamic law. Finally, partnerships were found to be more efficient than the debt-based system in terms of allocating the investable resources and the marginal efficiency of capital.

scholarly journals ‘I'll play the game, but I cannot stay’ : The role of third space professionals in encouraging the retention, success and sense of belonging of undergraduate students

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hughes ◽  
Debra Cureton ◽  
Jenni Jones
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Academic Identity ◽  
Educational Provision ◽  
Academic Coach

In 2019, a diverse, post-92, Midlands university implemented a new, hybrid third space role called the ‘academic coach’ (AC) to support its mission towards to support its mission to make its educational provision fully accessible to all its students, to retain them and to ensure their success to support its mission to make its educational provision fully accessible to all its students, to retain them and to ensure their success of all its students. Since a sense of belonging to their institution is such a powerful influence on students’ sense of wellbeing, their development of an academic identity and their resilience in the higher education context, with consequent positive impact upon their retention and success, this role is devoted to the pastoral care and personal tutoring of levels three and four students. This case study considers the journey of the AC in defining and shaping this new role and offers the ACs’ perceptions of their influence on the experience of students at levels three and four by enhancing collaborative and learning relationships within the wider university.

scholarly journals The role of Bayes factors in testing interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Palfi ◽  
Zoltan Dienes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Frequentist Statistics ◽  
Shiny App ◽  
Bayesian Evidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Condition B

Psychologists are often interested whether an experimental manipulation has a different effect in condition A than in condition B. To test such a question, one needs to directly compare the conditions (i.e. test the interaction). Yet, many tend to stop when they find a significant test in one condition and a non-significant test in the other condition, and deem it as sufficient evidence for the difference between the two conditions. This tutorial aims to raise awareness of this inferential mistake when Bayes factors are used with conventional cut-offs to draw conclusions. For instance, some might falsely conclude that there must be good enough evidence for the interaction if they find good enough Bayesian evidence for H1 in condition A and good enough Bayesian evidence for H0 in condition B. The introduced case study highlights that ignoring the test of the interaction can lead to unjustified conclusions and demonstrates that the principle that any assertion about the existence of an interaction necessitates the comparison of the conditions is as true for Bayesian as it is for frequentist statistics. We provide an R script of the analyses of the case study and a Shiny App that can be used with a 2x2 design to develop intuitions on the current issue, and we introduce a rule of thumb with which one can estimate the sample size one might need to have a well-powered design.

scholarly journals “This Brings you to Life” The Impact of Friendship on Health and Well-being in Old Age: the Case of La Verneda Learning Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Susana León-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Friendship has been studied along centuries, since ancient times to present-day, as the basis of the social cornerstone, present at all stages of the lifespan and belonging to the world of truthful sentiments. Benefits of friendship on health have been demonstrated. Less is known about the role of friendship on seniors. The aim of this case study has been to show how the end friendship developed in an adults’ school operating for more than 40 years in Barcelona is having a positive impact on the well-being and health of their participants. Through the communicative discussion group, we have deepened in the trajectories of some of the school participants. The results show how participation in the school and the dialogic gatherings have contributed to the emergence of a non-instrumental friendship feeling and to consider an impact on the perceived general wellness and health and an improvement of their life quality. It is discussed how this research provides more elements to the existing literature. More research on how other communitarian environments have similar effects on this population, or on the impact of these dialogical spaces in the development of end friendships in other stages of the life cycle would be of interest.

scholarly journals The role of gender in the acquisition of the Serbian case system

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Stefan Pophristic ◽  
Kathryn Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Single Gender ◽  
Tolerance Principle ◽  
Case System ◽  
Noun Classes ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Abstract Categories ◽  
Categorization System

Serbo-Croatian is marked for seven cases and has a noun class vs. gender distinction. Given the complexity of the inflectional system, we look at Serbo-Croatian as a case study in case acquisition. We explore different correlations  available in the input that children could leverage to acquire the case system in Serbo-Croatian. We ask three main questions: 1) does a noun’s gender predict the noun’s nominative singular suffix? 2) does a noun’s nominative singular suffix predict the noun’s gender? and 3) does a noun’s noun class predict the noun’s gender? Specifically, we ask whether the language input provides children with sufficient evidence to form these three productive generalizations. To test this, we apply the Tolerance Principle (Yang, 2016) to a corpus of 270 inflected Serbian nouns. Within this set of data, we find that: 1) all nominative singular suffixes productively predict a gender; 2) all genders productively predict a nominative singular suffix (with the exception of the neuter gender which predicts two suffixes); and 3) two of the three noun classes predict a single gender. We conclude that the input provides sufficient evidence for these productive correlations and we argue that children can leverage these generalizations to infer the declension patterns or gender of novel nouns. We discuss how, given these findings, children could acquire most of the inflectional system by focusing on gender as a categorization system for nouns, without needing to posit abstract categories of noun class.

International Environmental Cooperation under Fairness and Reciprocity

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Hadjiyiannis ◽  
Doruk İriş ◽  
Chrysostomos Tabakis
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
Environmental Cooperation ◽  
Environmental Negotiations ◽  
Negative Reciprocity ◽  
Very High ◽  
International Environmental Cooperation

Abstract This paper explores the implications of fairness and reciprocity for self-enforcing international environmental agreements on pollution abatement. Reciprocal countries reward fair behavior (positive reciprocity), but retaliate against countries behaving unfairly (negative reciprocity). We demonstrate that reciprocal countries that have moderate expectations from each other with respect to their national abatement strategies can support a greater degree of environmental cooperation than self-interested ones. However, when only very high abatement standards are deemed fair, then reciprocity could have a detrimental effect on international environmental cooperation. Our model therefore provides a novel perspective on the role of expectations in environmental negotiations.

scholarly journals Environmental Beliefs and Pro-Environmental Behavioral Intention of an Environmentally Themed Exhibition Audience: The Mediation Role of Exhibition Attachment

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110279
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Runzhe Yu ◽  
Xinwei Su
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Environmental Cooperation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Environmental Beliefs ◽  
Behavior Intentions ◽  
Audience Behavior

Many scholars have focused on the role of exhibitions in business promotion, and numerous studies have been conducted. The exhibition may influence the audience’s behaviors through the dissemination of information and ideas, but few researchers have looked into this further. There is a distinct lack of research on the process of exhibition influencing people’s behavioral intentions. Based on the belief–emotion–norm theoretical model, this study integrates environmental beliefs, exhibition attachment, and an audience’s environmental behavior intentions into a research model to explain how the exhibition affects the audience. The Macau International Environmental Cooperation Forum & Exhibition attendees served as the research object in the current empirical study. The study’s findings suggest that audiences’ environmental beliefs may have a significant and positive impact on their attachment to environmentally themed exhibitions as well as their environmental behavioral intentions. This study also confirmed that attachment to exhibitions, a temporary space, can play an important mediating role between environmental beliefs and intentions to engage in pro-environmental behavior. The exhibition dependency, in particular, acts as a mediator between environmental beliefs and pro-environmental behavior intentions. Although the mediating effect of exhibition identity is insignificant, exhibition dependence–exhibition identity as a whole has a partial mediating effect in the process of influencing exhibition audiences’ environmental behavior. This research helps to improve our understanding of how environmentally themed exhibitions influence audience behavior. It also has implications for exhibition organizers in terms of better exhibition planning, more effective information transmission, and influencing audience behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document