Local Settlements Connect What State Adjudication Severed

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Eric P. Perramond
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
The State ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Engineer ◽  
Private Wells

This chapter discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and unintended consequences of water settlements in New Mexico. The San Juan–Chama Project moved water (real and fictional) across basins and state borders and sparked adjudication in northern New Mexico, including the Aamodt and Abeyta. This chapter examines the fictional water connection between these two cases in a water transfer example, and it explores why adjudications morphed into out-of-court settlements. Settlements are not easy for all water users and the agencies tasked to meet their terms. These new agreements may rely on moving water that may not exist now or in the future. Furthermore, ongoing disputes regarding limitations on groundwater pumping from private wells may continue to haunt the office of the state engineer.

scholarly journals How New Mexico Leveraged a COVID-19 Case Forecasting Model to Preemptively Address the Health Care Needs of the State: Quantitative Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A Castro ◽  
Courtney D Shelley ◽  
Dave Osthus ◽  
Isaac Michaud ◽  
Jason Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Care Resource ◽  
The State ◽  
Forecast Horizon ◽  
Resource Needs ◽  
The Future ◽  
Made In

BACKGROUND Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, US hospitals relied on static projections of future trends for long-term planning and were only beginning to consider forecasting methods for short-term planning of staffing and other resources. With the overwhelming burden imposed by COVID-19 on the health care system, an emergent need exists to accurately forecast hospitalization needs within an actionable timeframe. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to leverage an existing COVID-19 case and death forecasting tool to generate the expected number of concurrent hospitalizations, occupied intensive care unit (ICU) beds, and in-use ventilators 1 day to 4 weeks in the future for New Mexico and each of its five health regions. METHODS We developed a probabilistic model that took as input the number of new COVID-19 cases for New Mexico from Los Alamos National Laboratory’s COVID-19 Forecasts Using Fast Evaluations and Estimation tool, and we used the model to estimate the number of new daily hospital admissions 4 weeks into the future based on current statewide hospitalization rates. The model estimated the number of new admissions that would require an ICU bed or use of a ventilator and then projected the individual lengths of hospital stays based on the resource need. By tracking the lengths of stay through time, we captured the projected simultaneous need for inpatient beds, ICU beds, and ventilators. We used a postprocessing method to adjust the forecasts based on the differences between prior forecasts and the subsequent observed data. Thus, we ensured that our forecasts could reflect a dynamically changing situation on the ground. RESULTS Forecasts made between September 1 and December 9, 2020, showed variable accuracy across time, health care resource needs, and forecast horizon. Forecasts made in October, when new COVID-19 cases were steadily increasing, had an average accuracy error of 20.0%, while the error in forecasts made in September, a month with low COVID-19 activity, was 39.7%. Across health care use categories, state-level forecasts were more accurate than those at the regional level. Although the accuracy declined as the forecast was projected further into the future, the stated uncertainty of the prediction improved. Forecasts were within 5% of their stated uncertainty at the 50% and 90% prediction intervals at the 3- to 4-week forecast horizon for state-level inpatient and ICU needs. However, uncertainty intervals were too narrow for forecasts of state-level ventilator need and all regional health care resource needs. CONCLUSIONS Real-time forecasting of the burden imposed by a spreading infectious disease is a crucial component of decision support during a public health emergency. Our proposed methodology demonstrated utility in providing near-term forecasts, particularly at the state level. This tool can aid other stakeholders as they face COVID-19 population impacts now and in the future.

Unsettled Waters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Perramond
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Court Process

Water rights adjudications happen quietly every day across the western United States, sorting Indian water rights, claims by cities, and use by agriculture. This book argues that these state-driven court procedures change what they purport to merely measure and understand about water within state boundaries. Adjudications have unwittingly brought back to the surface old disputes over the meaning of water and access to it. Because of their adversarial court process and identity cleaving between Indian and non-Indian water rights, the state simultaneously faces resistance and friction over water use. Unsettled Waters uses insights from ethnography, geography, and critical legal perspectives to demonstrate the power of local negotiation in water settlements and to examine the side effects of these legal agreements and lawsuits in New Mexico, a state struggling with water scarcity. As the process unfolded in the twentieth century, new expert measures and cultures of expertise developed into an adjudication-industrial complex. These added layers of bureaucracy and technology complicated the state’s view of water. Water users have also pushed back against the state and have used the glacial pace of adjudication to adapt to changes in water law while making new demands. The process will also now have to account for climate-related water supply shifts and unquantified Indian water rights, as well as the demands endangered species and rivers themselves. Adjudication in the twenty-first century may serve a completely different purpose than what it was designed for over a century ago.

How Local Waters Become State Water

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Eric P. Perramond
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Users ◽  
State Water ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Local Water

New Mexico, like most western U.S. states, relies on the legal assumptions of prior appropriation to sort out historical water rights in space and in time. Early in the twentieth century, the state redefined water as owned by the public, but access rights to water were assigned as private property rights. Water rights adjudications are designed to identify water users throughout the state and quantify their water allocation. This process fundamentally rescaled water as an object and a property and was at odds with existing local water cultures and definitions of water. Local and indigenous water sovereigns contested the state’s reading of water as property, and adjudication dragged on for decades in valleys where local interests wanted water to remain with their lands.

Water Coda, with No End in Sight

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Eric P. Perramond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Sharing ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Positive Results

Adjudication created an adversarial relationship between the state and New Mexicans, as well as between different water users in New Mexico. This chapter considers whether altering the purpose and process of adjudication might yet produce some positive results if the assumption of water sharing, not hard and fast prior-appropriation property rights, becomes the normative assumption by the state. The state could improve its data sharing and transparency to enable greater flexibility in using adjudication to a different end. Yet understanding New Mexico’s struggles over defining water rights offers lessons. The implications of resolving these issues speak directly to the ongoing water struggles in many other western states in the United States and in other countries where water allocations are already a concern.

Obecny stan badań nad Zagładą na Ukrainie

2014 ◽  
pp. 889-915
Author(s):  
Anna Abakunkova
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Holocaust Studies ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Future

The article examines the state of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine for the period of 2010 – beginning of 2014. The review analyzes activities of major research and educational organizations in Ukraine which have significant part of projects devoted to the Holocaust; main publications and discussions on the Holocaust in Ukraine, including publications of Ukrainian authors in academic European and American journals. The article illustrates contemporary tendencies and conditions of the Holocaust Studies in Ukraine, defines major problems and shows perspectives of the future development of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

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